@article{TuraliyevaYeshibaevSaparbekovaetal.2016,
  author    = {Turaliyeva, M. and Yeshibaev, A. and Saparbekova, A. and Akynova, L. and Abildayeva, R. and Sadenova, M. and Sartayeva, K. and Schieffer, Andre and Digel, Ilya},
  title     = {Species composition and injuriousness of stranger xylophilous fauna affecting indigenous urban dendroflora of Central Asia},
  series = {Asian journal of microbiology, biotechnology \& environmental sciences : AJMBES},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Asian journal of microbiology, biotechnology \& environmental sciences : AJMBES},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {EM International},
  issn      = {0972-3005},
  pages     = {359 -- 366},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {At the present time, one of the most serious environmental problems of Central Asia and South Kazakhstan is the ongoing large-scale deterioration of principal urban tree populations. Several major centers of massive spread of invasive plant pests have been found in urban dendroflora of this region. The degree of damage of seven most wide-spread aboriginal tree species was found to range from 21.4±1.1 to 85.4±1.8\%. In particular, the integrity of the native communities of sycamore (Platanus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), poplar (Populus spp.) and elm (Ulmus spp.) is highly endangered. Our taxonomic analysis of the most dangerous tree pests of the region has revealed them as neobiontic xylophilous insects such as Cossus cossus L. (Order: Lepidoptera L.) Monochamus urussovi Fisch., Monochamus sutor L., Acanthocinus aedelis L. and {\~N}etonia aureate L. (Order: Coleoptera L.). We relate the origin of this threatening trend with the import of industrial wood in the mid 90’s of the last century that was associated with high degree of the constructional work in the region. Because of the absence of efficient natural predators of the pest species, the application of microbiological methods of the pest control and limitation is suggested.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScheerWilson2016,
  author    = {Scheer, Nico and Wilson, Ian D.},
  title     = {A comparison between genetically humanized and chimeric liver humanized mouse models for studies in drug metabolism and toxicity},
  series = {Drug Discovery Today},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Drug Discovery Today},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1359-6446},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.002},
  pages     = {250 -- 263},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Mice that have been genetically humanized for proteins involved in drug metabolism and toxicity and mice engrafted with human hepatocytes are emerging and promising in vivo models for an improved prediction of the pharmacokinetic, drug-drug interaction and safety characteristics of compounds in humans. The specific advantages and disadvantages of these models should be carefully considered when using them for studies in drug discovery and development. Here, an overview on the corresponding genetically humanized and chimeric liver humanized mouse models described to date is provided and illustrated with examples of their utility in drug metabolism and toxicity studies. We compare the strength and weaknesses of the two different approaches, give guidance for the selection of the appropriate model for various applications and discuss future trends and perspectives.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DallasSalphatiGomezZepedaetal.2016,
  author    = {Dallas, Shannon and Salphati, Laurent and Gomez-Zepeda, David and Wanek, Thomas and Chen, Liangfu and Chu, Xiaoyan and Kunta, Jeevan and Mezler, Mario and Menet, Marie-Claude and Chasseigneaux, Stephanie and Decl{\`e}ves, Xavier and Langer, Oliver and Pierre, Esaie and DiLoreto, Karen and Hoft, Carolin and Laplanche, Loic and Pang, Jodie and Pereira, Tony and Andonian, Clara and Simic, Damir and Rode, Anja and Yabut, Jocelyn and Zhang, Xiaolin and Scheer, Nico},
  title     = {Generation and Characterization of a Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Humanized Mouse Model},
  series = {Molecular Pharmacology},
  volume    = {89},
  journal   = {Molecular Pharmacology},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {ASPET},
  address   = {Bethesda, Md.},
  issn      = {1521-0111},
  doi       = {10.1124/mol.115.102079},
  pages     = {492 -- 504},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is expressed in various tissues, such as the gut, liver, kidney and blood brain barrier (BBB), where it mediates the unidirectional transport of substrates to the apical/luminal side of polarized cells. Thereby BCRP acts as an efflux pump, mediating the elimination or restricting the entry of endogenous compounds or xenobiotics into tissues and it plays important roles in drug disposition, efficacy and safety. Bcrp knockout mice (Bcrp-/-) have been used widely to study the role of this transporter in limiting intestinal absorption and brain penetration of substrate compounds. Here we describe the first generation and characterization of a mouse line humanized for BCRP (hBCRP), in which the mouse coding sequence from the start to stop codon was replaced with the corresponding human genomic region, such that the human transporter is expressed under control of the murine Bcrp promoter. We demonstrate robust human and loss of mouse BCRP/Bcrp mRNA and protein expression in the hBCRP mice and the absence of major compensatory changes in the expression of other genes involved in drug metabolism and disposition. Pharmacokinetic and brain distribution studies with several BCRP probe substrates confirmed the functional activity of the human transporter in these mice. Furthermore, we provide practical examples for the use of hBCRP mice to study drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The hBCRP mouse is a promising model to study the in vivo role of human BCRP in limiting absorption and BBB penetration of substrate compounds and to investigate clinically relevant DDIs involving BCRP.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangHeimbachScheeretal.2016,
  author    = {Zhang, Jin and Heimbach, Tycho and Scheer, Nico and Barve, Avantika and Li, Wenkui and Lin, Wen and He, Handan},
  title     = {Clinical Exposure Boost Predictions by Integrating Cytochrome P450 3A4-Humanized Mouse Studies With PBPK Modeling},
  series = {Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences},
  volume    = {Volume 105},
  journal   = {Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences},
  number    = {Issue 4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0022-3549},
  doi       = {doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.021},
  pages     = {1398 -- 1404},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {NVS123 is a poorly water-soluble protease 56 inhibitor in clinical development. Data from in vitro hepatocyte studies suggested that NVS123 is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4. As a consequence of limited solubility, NVS123 therapeutic plasma exposures could not be achieved even with high doses and optimized formulations. One approach to overcome NVS123 developability issues was to increase plasma exposure by coadministrating it with an inhibitor of CYP3A4 such as ritonavir. A clinical boost effect was predicted by using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. However, initial boost predictions lacked sufficient confidence because a key parameter, fraction of drug metabolized by CYP3A4 (ƒₘCYP3A4), could not be estimated with accuracy on account of disconnects between in vitro and in vivo preclinical data. To accurately estimate ƒₘCYP3A4 in human, an in vivo boost effect study was conducted using CYP3A4-humanized mouse model which showed a 33- to 56-fold exposure boost effect. Using a top-down approach, human ƒₘCYP3A4 for NVS123 was estimated to be very high and included in the human PBPK modeling to support subsequent clinical study design. The combined use of the in vivo boost study in CYP3A4-humanized mouse model mice along with PBPK modeling accurately predicted the clinical outcome and identified a significant NVS123 exposure boost (∼42-fold increase) with ritonavir.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Bernecker2016,
  author    = {Bernecker, Andreas},
  title     = {Divided we reform? Evidence from US welfare policies},
  series = {Journal of Public Economics},
  volume    = {142},
  journal   = {Journal of Public Economics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0047-2727},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.08.003},
  pages     = {24 -- 38},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Divided government is often thought of as causing legislative deadlock. I investigate the link between divided government and economic reforms using a novel data set on welfare reforms in US states between 1978 and 2010. Panel data regressions show that, under divided government, a US state is around 25\% more likely to adopt a welfare reform than under unified government. Several robustness checks confirm this counter-intuitive finding. Case study evidence suggests an explanation based on policy competition between governor, senate, and house.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrollLudwigs2016,
  author    = {Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin},
  title     = {Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urt. v. 9.9.2015, Rs. C-4/14 Christophe Bohez v. Ingrid Wiertz},
  series = {GRP : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r das Privatrecht der Europ{\"a}ischen Union},
  journal   = {GRP : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r das Privatrecht der Europ{\"a}ischen Union},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  issn      = {2193-9519},
  doi       = {10.9785/gpr-2016-0509},
  pages     = {255 -- 258},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Die Entscheidung in der Rechtssache Bohez /Wiertz bot dem EuGH Gelegenheit, zur Abgrenzung der Anwendungsbereiche von Br{\"u}ssel I-(jetzt: Br{\"u}ssel Ia-) und Br{\"u}ssel IIa-VO Stellung zu nehmen. Den Ausgangspunkt bildete dabei ein familienrechtlicher Sachverhalt, n{\"a}mlich die zwangsweise Durchsetzung des Umgangsrechts eines Vaters im Hinblick auf seine beiden Kinder. Auf den ersten Blick lag daher eine Anwendung der auf Verfahren betreffend die elterliche Verantwortung bezogenen Br{\"u}ssel IIa-VO nahe. Andererseits schien auch eine Argumentation denkbar, wonach es sich bei dem zu vollstreckenden Anspruch auf Zahlung des Zwangsgeldes um eine Geldforderung handele, deren Vollstreckung nach der Br{\"u}ssel I-VO zu erfolgen habe. Was vordergr{\"u}ndig die Ermittlung des einschl{\"a}gigen EU-Rechtsaktes betraf, erwies sich bei genauerer Betrachtung als Bestimmung der dogmatischen Rechtsnatur des Zwangsgeldes.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KrollLudwigs2016,
  author    = {Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin},
  title     = {St{\"a}rkung der Parteiautonomie durch die Europ{\"a}ischen G{\"u}terrechtsverordnungen},
  series = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht - NZFam},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht - NZFam},
  number    = {23},
  publisher = {Beck},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  issn      = {2198-2333},
  pages     = {1061 -- 1065},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Mit der Verabschiedung der Europ{\"a}ischen G{\"u}terrechtsverordnung f{\"u}r Ehegatten und eingetragene Partner hat der Unionsgesetzgeber die Vereinheitlichung des Kollisionsrechts in Europa weiter vorangetrieben. Zentraler Baustein beider Rechtsakte ist die Parteiautonomie, die mit Blick auf Eheleute an bew{\"a}hrte Traditionen ankn{\"u}pft, f{\"u}r Lebenspartner aber eine echte Neuerung bringt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KrollLudwigs2016,
  author    = {Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin},
  title     = {Rechtswahl und Gerichtsstandsvereinbarungen nach der Europ{\"a}ischen Erbrechtsverordnung},
  series = {Notar : Monatsschrift f{\"u}r die gesamte notarielle Praxis},
  journal   = {Notar : Monatsschrift f{\"u}r die gesamte notarielle Praxis},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {DNotV-Verl.},
  address   = {Berlin},
  pages     = {75 -- 85},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KrollLudwigs2016,
  author    = {Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin},
  title     = {Das Verh{\"a}ltnis von Haager Unterhaltsprotokoll (2007) und Haager Unterhalts-{\"u}bereinkommen (1973): lex posterior derogat legi priori?},
  series = {IPRax : Praxis des internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {IPRax : Praxis des internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Gieseking},
  address   = {Bielefeld},
  issn      = {0720-6585},
  pages     = {34 -- 40},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {In der EU richtet sich das auf unterhaltsrechtliche Sachverhalte mit grenz{\"u}berschreitendem Bezug anwendbare Recht seit dem 18. Juni 2011 nach dem Haager Protokoll {\"u}ber das auf Unterhaltspflichten anwendbare Recht vom 23. November 2007 („HUP"). Dieser Rechtsakt, der EU-weit anwendbar ist, hat das Haager Unterhalts{\"u}bereinkommen von 1973 („HU{\"U}") ersetzt und das Unterhaltskollisionsrecht in der EU auf eine neue, einheitliche Grundlage gestellt. Bei den Vorschriften des HUP handelt es sich um sog. lois universelles, die unabh{\"a}ngig davon gelten, welche Staatsangeh{\"o}rigkeit die unterhaltsberechtigte bzw. die unterhaltsverpflichtete Person haben. Zu beachten ist aber, dass die Bundesrepublik Deutschland ebenso wie die T{\"u}rkei, die Schweiz, Japan und Albanien das HU{\"U} ratifiziert hatten. F{\"u}r die Nicht-EU-Staaten besteht aber keine Bindung an die Vorschriften des HUP, so dass sich im Verh{\"a}ltnis zu ihnen die Frage stellt, ob das HU{\"U} weiterhin Anwendung finden kann. Die Problematik ist gerade im Hinblick auf die erweiterten Rechtswahlm{\"o}glichkeiten des HUP von erheblicher praktischer Relevanz.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KrollLudwigs2016,
  author    = {Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin},
  title     = {Vereinheitlichung des G{\"u}terkollisionsrechts in Europa - die EU-Eheg{\"u}terrechts- und EU-Partnerschaftsverordnung (Teil 1)},
  series = {GPR: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r das Privatrecht der Europ{\"a}ischen Union},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {GPR: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r das Privatrecht der Europ{\"a}ischen Union},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  issn      = {2193-9519},
  doi       = {10.9785/gpr-2016-0509},
  pages     = {231 -- 241},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Zehn Jahre nach Erlass des „Gr{\"u}nbuchs zu den Kollisionsnormen im G{\"u}terrecht" vom 17.7.2006 hat der Rat der Europ{\"a}ischen Union am 24.6.2016 die EU-Eheg{\"u}terrechts-(„EuG{\"u}VO") sowie die EU-Partnerschaftsverordnung („EuPartVO") erlassen. Damit wird das europ{\"a}ische G{\"u}terkollisionsrecht f{\"u} rca. 16 Millionen „internationaler Paare" in der EU auf eine neue, einheitliche Grundlage gestellt. Anders als urspr{\"u}nglich geplant, handelt es sich bei beiden Verordnungen nicht um gesamteurop{\"a}ische Rechtsakte, da die f{\"u}r Art. 81 Abs. 3 AEUV erforderliche Einstimmigkeit unter den Mitgliedstaaten letztlich nicht erreicht werden konnte. Das Scheitern der ersten Verordnungsvorschl{\"a}ge aus dem Jahr 2011 war dabei dem Umstand geschuldet, dass rechtspolitisch von Anfang an eine Verkn{\"u}pfung beider Regelungsmaterien gewollt war. Mit Blick auf die Einf{\"u}hrung einheitlicher g{\"u}terrechtlicher Regelungen f{\"u}r eingetragene Partnerschaften war aber nicht nur das „Ob" und „Wie" etwaiger Rechtswahlm{\"o}glichkeiten heftig umstritten. Insbesondere diejenigen Mitgliedstaaten, die dem Rechtsinstitut der eingetragenen Lebenspartnerschaft kritisch gegen{\"u}berstehen, sahen in der Einf{\"u}hrung einheitlicher Kollisionsnormen die Gefahr einer zwangsweisen Durchsetzung dieses Rechtsinstituts „durch die Hintert{\"u}r". Vor diesem Hintergrund erwies sich - ebenso wie schon bei der Rom III-VO - das Verfahren zur verst{\"a}rkten Zusammenarbeit(Art. 20 EUV i.V.m. Art. 326 ff. AEUV) als probates Mittel, um den Integrationsprozess im Bereich des europ{\"a}ischen Kollisionsrechts voranzutreiben. Achtzehn Mitgliedstaaten nehmen an dieser Verst{\"a}rkten Zusammenarbeit teil.},
  language  = {de}
}