TY  - JOUR
A1  - Honarvarfard, Elham
A1  - Gamella, Maria
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Katz, Evgeny
T1  - An enzyme-based reversible Controlled NOT (CNOT) logic gate operating on a semiconductor transducer
JF  - Applied Materials Today
N2  - An enzyme-based biocatalytic system mimicking operation of a logically reversible Controlled NOT (CNOT) gate has been interfaced with semiconductor electronic transducers. Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) structures have been used to transduce chemical changes produced by the enzyme system to an electronically readable capacitive output signal using field-effect features of the EIS device. Two enzymes, urease and esterase, were immobilized on the insulating interface of EIS structure producing local pH changes performing XOR logic operation controlled by various combinations of the input signals represented by urea and ethyl butyrate. Another EIS transducer was functionalized with esterase only, thus performing Identity (ID) logic operation for the ethyl butyrate input. Both semiconductor devices assembled in parallel operated as a logically reversible CNOT gate. The present system, despite its simplicity, demonstrated for the first time logically reversible function of the enzyme system transduced electronically with the semiconductor devices. The biomolecular realization of a CNOT gate interfaced with semiconductors is promising for integration into complex biomolecular networks and future biosensor/biomedical applications.
KW  - Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor
KW  - Capacitive field-effect
KW  - CNOT
KW  - XOR
KW  - Enzyme logic gate
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2017.08.003
SN  - 2352-9407
VL  - 9
SP  - 266
EP  - 270
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Moseley, Fiona
A1  - Halamek, Jan
A1  - Kramer, Friederike
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Katz, Evgeny
T1  - An enzyme-based reversible CNOT logic gate realized in a flow system
JF  - Analyst
N2  - An enzyme system organized in a flow device was used to mimic a reversible Controlled NOT (CNOT) gate with two input and two output signals. Reversible conversion of NAD⁺ and NADH cofactors was used to perform a XOR logic operation, while biocatalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate resulted in an Identity operation working in parallel. The first biomolecular realization of a CNOT gate is promising for integration into complex biomolecular networks and future biosensor/biomedical applications.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4AN00133H
SN  - 1364-5528 (E-Journal) ; 0003-2654 (Print)
VL  - 139
IS  - 8
SP  - 1839
EP  - 1842
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  -