@inproceedings{CarzanaDachwaldNoomen2017,
  author    = {Carzana, Livio and Dachwald, Bernd and Noomen, Ron},
  title     = {Model and trajectory optimization for an ideal laser-enhanced solar sail},
  series = {68th International Astronautical Congress},
  booktitle = {68th International Astronautical Congress},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {A laser-enhanced solar sail is a solar sail that is not solely propelled by solar radiation but additionally by a laser beam that illuminates the sail. This way, the propulsive acceleration of the sail results from the combined action of the solar and the laser radiation pressure onto the sail. The potential source of the laser beam is a laser satellite that coverts solar power (in the inner solar system) or nuclear power (in the outer solar system) into laser power. Such a laser satellite (or many of them) can orbit anywhere in the solar system and its optimal orbit (or their optimal orbits) for a given mission is a subject for future research. This contribution provides the model for an ideal laser-enhanced solar sail and investigates how a laser can enhance the thrusting capability of such a sail. The term "ideal" means that the solar sail is assumed to be perfectly reflecting and that the laser beam is assumed to have a constant areal power density over the whole sail area. Since a laser beam has a limited divergence, it can provide radiation pressure at much larger solar distances and increase the radiation pressure force into the desired direction. Therefore, laser-enhanced solar sails may make missions feasible, that would otherwise have prohibitively long flight times, e.g. rendezvous missions in the outer solar system. This contribution will also analyze exemplary mission scenarios and present optimial trajectories without laying too much emphasis on the design and operations of the laser satellites. If the mission studies conclude that laser-enhanced solar sails would have advantages with respect to "traditional" solar sails, a detailed study of the laser satellites and the whole system architecture would be the second next step},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DachwaldTsinas1994,
  author    = {Dachwald, Bernd and Tsinas, L.},
  title     = {A combined neural and genetic learning algorithm / Tsinas, L. ; Dachwald, B.},
  series = {Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, 1994. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence.},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, 1994. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence.},
  address   = {Orlando, Fl},
  isbn      = {0-7803-1899-4},
  pages     = {770 -- 774},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaaderBoxbergChenetal.2023,
  author    = {Baader, Fabian and Boxberg, Marc S. and Chen, Qian and F{\"o}rstner, Roger and Kowalski, Julia and Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Field-test performance of an ice-melting probe in a terrestrial analogue environment},
  series = {Icarus},
  journal   = {Icarus},
  number    = {409},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115852},
  pages     = {Artikel 115852},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Melting probes are a proven tool for the exploration of thick ice layers and clean sampling of subglacial water on Earth. Their compact size and ease of operation also make them a key technology for the future exploration of icy moons in our Solar System, most prominently Europa and Enceladus. For both mission planning and hardware engineering, metrics such as efficiency and expected performance in terms of achievable speed, power requirements, and necessary heating power have to be known. Theoretical studies aim at describing thermal losses on the one hand, while laboratory experiments and field tests allow an empirical investigation of the true performance on the other hand. To investigate the practical value of a performance model for the operational performance in extraterrestrial environments, we first contrast measured data from terrestrial field tests on temperate and polythermal glaciers with results from basic heat loss models and a melt trajectory model. For this purpose, we propose conventions for the determination of two different efficiencies that can be applied to both measured data and models. One definition of efficiency is related to the melting head only, while the other definition considers the melting probe as a whole. We also present methods to combine several sources of heat loss for probes with a circular cross-section, and to translate the geometry of probes with a non-circular cross-section to analyse them in the same way. The models were selected in a way that minimizes the need to make assumptions about unknown parameters of the probe or the ice environment. The results indicate that currently used models do not yet reliably reproduce the performance of a probe under realistic conditions. Melting velocities and efficiencies are constantly overestimated by 15 to 50 \% in the models, but qualitatively agree with the field test data. Hence, losses are observed, that are not yet covered and quantified by the available loss models. We find that the deviation increases with decreasing ice temperature. We suspect that this mismatch is mainly due to the too restrictive idealization of the probe model and the fact that the probe was not operated in an efficiency-optimized manner during the field tests. With respect to space mission engineering, we find that performance and efficiency models must be used with caution in unknown ice environments, as various ice parameters have a significant effect on the melting process. Some of these are difficult to estimate from afar.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StadlerGarveyEmbsetal.2014,
  author    = {Stadler, Alexander Maximilian and Garvey, Christopher J. and Embs, Jan Peter and Koza, Michael Marek and Unruh, Tobias and Artmann, Gerhard and Zaccai, Guiseppe},
  title     = {Picosecond dynamics in haemoglobin from different species: A quasielastic neutron scattering study},
  series = {Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA): General Subjects},
  volume    = {1840},
  journal   = {Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA): General Subjects},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1872-8006 (E-Journal); 0304-4165 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.007},
  pages     = {2989 -- 2999},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ArtmannLinderBayeretal.2017,
  author    = {Artmann, Gerhard and Linder, Peter and Bayer, Robin and Gossmann, Matthias},
  title     = {Celldrum electrode arrangement for measuring mechanical stress [Patent of invention]},
  publisher = {WIPO},
  address   = {Geneva},
  pages     = {18 Seiten},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The invention pertains to a CellDrum electrode arrangement for measuring mechanical stress, comprising a mechanical holder (1 ) and a non-conductive membrane (4), whereby the membrane (4) is at least partially fixed at its circumference to the mechanical holder (1), keeping it in place when the membrane (4) may bend due to forces acting on the membrane (4), the mechanical holder (1) and the membrane (4) forming a container, whereby the membrane (1) within the container comprises an cell- membrane compound layer or biological material (3) adhered to the deformable membrane 4 which in response to stimulation by an agent may exert mechanical stress to the membrane (4) such that the membrane bending stage changes whereby the container may be filled with an electrolyte, whereby an electric contact (2) is arranged allowing to contact said electrolyte when filled into to the container, whereby within a predefined geometry to the fixing of the membrane (4) an electrode (7) is arranged, whereby the electrode (7) is electrically insulated with respect to the electric contact (2) as well as said electrolyte, whereby mechanical stress due to an agent may be measured as a change in capacitance.},
  language  = {en}
}