@article{QuittmannAbelAlbrachtetal.2022,
  author    = {Quittmann, Oliver J. and Abel, Thomas and Albracht, Kirsten and Str{\"u}der, Heiko K.},
  title     = {Biomechanics of all-out handcycling exercise: kinetics, kinematics and muscular activity of a 15-s sprint test in able-bodied participants},
  series = {Sports Biomechanics},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Sports Biomechanics},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1752-6116 (Onlineausgabe)},
  doi       = {10.1080/14763141.2020.1745266},
  pages     = {1200 -- 1223},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This study aims to quantify the kinematics, kinetics and muscular activity of all-out handcycling exercise and examine their alterations during the course of a 15-s sprint test. Twelve able-bodied competitive triathletes performed a 15-s all-out sprint test in a recumbent racing handcycle that was attached to an ergometer. During the sprint test, tangential crank kinetics, 3D joint kinematics and muscular activity of 10 muscles of the upper extremity and trunk were examined using a power metre, motion capturing and surface electromyography (sEMG), respectively. Parameters were compared between revolution one (R1), revolution two (R2), the average of revolution 3 to 13 (R3) and the average of the remaining revolutions (R4). Shoulder abduction and internal-rotation increased, whereas maximal shoulder retroversion decreased during the sprint. Except for the wrist angles, angular velocity increased for every joint of the upper extremity. Several muscles demonstrated an increase in muscular activation, an earlier onset of muscular activation in crank cycle and an increased range of activation. During the course of a 15-s all-out sprint test in handcycling, the shoulder muscles and the muscles associated to the push phase demonstrate indications for short-duration fatigue. These findings are helpful to prevent injuries and improve performance in all-out handcycling.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WerkhausenWillwacherAlbracht2021,
  author    = {Werkhausen, Amelie and Willwacher, Steffen and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicles shorten throughout stance during sprint acceleration},
  series = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0905-7188 (Druckausgabe)},
  doi       = {10.1111/sms.13956},
  pages     = {1471 -- 1480},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The compliant nature of distal limb muscle-tendon units is traditionally considered suboptimal in explosive movements when positive joint work is required. However, during accelerative running, ankle joint net mechanical work is positive. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how plantar flexor muscle-tendon behavior is modulated during fast accelerations. Eleven female sprinters performed maximum sprint accelerations from starting blocks, while gastrocnemius muscle fascicle lengths were estimated using ultrasonography. We combined motion analysis and ground reaction force measurements to assess lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics, and to estimate gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit length during the first two acceleration steps. Outcome variables were resampled to the stance phase and averaged across three to five trials. Relevant scalars were extracted and analyzed using one-sample and two-sample t-tests, and vector trajectories were compared using statistical parametric mapping. We found that an uncoupling of muscle fascicle behavior from muscle-tendon unit behavior is effectively used to produce net positive mechanical work at the joint during maximum sprint acceleration. Muscle fascicles shortened throughout the first and second steps, while shortening occurred earlier during the first step, where negative joint work was lower compared with the second step. Elastic strain energy may be stored during dorsiflexion after touchdown since fascicles did not lengthen at the same time to dissipate energy. Thus, net positive work generation is accommodated by the reuse of elastic strain energy along with positive gastrocnemius fascicle work. Our results show a mechanism of how muscles with high in-series compliance can contribute to net positive joint work.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MontiWaldvogelRitzmannetal.2021,
  author    = {Monti, Elena and Waldvogel, Janice and Ritzmann, Ramona and Freyler, Kathrin and Albracht, Kirsten and Helm, Michael and De Cesare, Niccol{\`o} and Pavan, Piero and Reggiani, Carlo and Gollhofer, Albert and Narici, Marco Vincenzo},
  title     = {Muscle in variable gravity: "I do not know where I am, but I know what to do"},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2021.714655},
  pages     = {19 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Performing tasks, such as running and jumping, requires activation of the agonist and antagonist muscles before (motor unit pre-activation) and during movement performance (Santello and Mcdonagh, 1998). A well-timed and regulated muscle activation elicits a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) response, naturally occurring in bouncing movements (Ishikawa and Komi, 2004; Taube et al., 2012). By definition, the SSC describes the stretching of a pre-activated muscle-tendon complex immediately followed by a muscle shortening in the concentric push-off phase (Komi, 1984). Given the importance of SSC actions for human movement, it is not surprising that many studies investigated the biomechanics of this phenomenon; in particular, drop jumps (DJs) represent a good paradigm to study muscle fascicle and tendon behavior in ballistic movements involving the SSC. Within a DJ, three main phases [pre-activation, braking, and push-off (PO; Komi, 2000)] have been recognized and extensively studied in common and challenging conditions, such as changes in load, falling height, or simulated hypo-gravity (Avela et al., 1994; Arampatzis et al., 2001; Fukashiro et al., 2005; Ishikawa et al., 2005; Sousa et al., 2007; Ritzmann et al., 2016; Helm et al., 2020). These studies show that the timing and amount of triceps-surae muscle-tendon unit pre-activation in DJs are differentially regulated based on the load applied to the muscle, being optimal in normal "Earth" gravity conditions (Avela et al., 1994), but decreased in simulated hypo-gravity, hyper-gravity (Avela et al., 1994; Ritzmann et al., 2016), or unknown conditions (i.e., unknown falling heights; Helm et al., 2020). Some authors indicated that, when falling from heights different from the optimal one [defined as the drop height giving a maximum DJ performance indicated as peak ground reaction force (GRF) or jump high], electromyographic (EMG) activity of the plantar flexors increases from lower than optimal to higher than optimal heights (Ishikawa and Komi, 2004; Sousa et al., 2007). These findings highlight the ability of the central nervous system to regulate the timing and amount of pre-activation according to different jumping conditions, thus regulating muscle fascicle length, tendon and joint stiffness as well as position, in order to safely land on the ground and quickly re-bounce. Similarly, to pre-activation, also in the braking phase, the plantar flexors are differentially regulated. In optimal height (i.e., load) jumping conditions, gastrocnemius medialis (GM) fascicles shorten at early ground contact (possibly due to the intervention of the stretch reflex; Gollhofer et al., 1992) and behave quasi-isometrically in the late braking phase, enabling tendon elongation, and storage of elastic energy (Gollhofer et al., 1992; Fukashiro et al., 2005; Sousa et al., 2007). When increasing the falling height (augmenting the impact GRF), the quasi-isometric behavior of fascicles disappears, and fast fascicle lengthening occurs (Ishikawa et al., 2005; Sousa et al., 2007). In the third and last PO phase, fascicles shorten and the tendon releases the elastic energy previously stored. Bobbert et al. (1987) reported no influence of jumping height on the work done and on the net vertical impulse assessed during PO; this observation suggests that, despite an optimal DJ performance might be achieved only in specific conditions (falling heights, loads), the central nervous system seems to be able to regulate muscle behavior in order to effectively perform the required task also in challenging situations. Although the regulation of triceps-surae muscle-tendon unit in DJs has been extensively investigated, very few studies focused on sarcomeres behavior during the performance of this SSC movement (Kurokawa et al., 2003; Fukashiro et al., 2005, 2006). Sarcomeres represent muscle contractile units and are known to express different amounts of force depending on their length (Gordon et al., 1966; Walker and Schrodt, 1974); thus, understanding the time course of their responses during DJs is fundamental to gain further insights into muscle force-generating capacity. In vivo measurement of sarcomere length in humans has been so far been performed only in static positions and under highly controlled experimental conditions (Llewellyn et al., 2008; Sanchez et al., 2015). Instead, human sarcomere length estimation (achieved by dividing GM measured fascicle length for a fixed sarcomere number) in dynamic contractions provided an indirect measure of sarcomere operating range during squat jump, countermovement jump, and DJ (Fukashiro et al., 2005, 2006; Kurokawa et al., 2003). The results of these studies showed that sarcomeres operate in the ascending limb of their length-tension (L-T) relationship in all types of jumps, and particularly so in DJ. However, most of the available observations on sarcomere and muscle fascicle behavior were made in condition of constant gravity. Thus, in order to understand how sarcomere and muscle fascicle length are regulated in variable gravity conditions, we performed experiments in a parabolic flight, involving variable gravity levels, ranging from about zero-g to about double the Earth's gravity (1 g; Waldvogel et al., 2021). Specifically, the aims of the present study were as follows: 1. To investigate the ability of the neuromuscular system in regulating fascicle length in response to conditions of variable gravity. 2. To estimate sarcomere operative length in the different DJ phases, in order to calculate its theoretical force production and its possible modulation in conditions of variable gravity. We hypothesized that muscle fascicles would be differentially regulated in different gravity conditions compared to 1 g, particularly in anticipation of landing and re-bouncing in unknown gravity levels. In addition, we hypothesized that sarcomeres would operate in the upper part of the ascending limb of their L-T relationship, possibly lengthening during the braking phase (especially in hyper-gravity) while operating quasi-isometrically in 1 g.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WerkhausenAlbrachtCroninetal.2018,
  author    = {Werkhausen, Amelie and Albracht, Kirsten and Cronin, Neil J and Paulsen, G{\o}ran and Bojsen-M{\o}ller, Jens and Seynnes, Olivier R},
  title     = {Effect of training-induced changes in achilles tendon stiffness on muscle-tendon behavior during landing},
  series = {Frontiers in physiology},
  journal   = {Frontiers in physiology},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2018.00794},
  pages     = {11 Seiten},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {During rapid deceleration of the body, tendons buffer part of the elongation of the muscle-tendon unit (MTU), enabling safe energy dissipation via eccentric muscle contraction. Yet, the influence of changes in tendon stiffness within the physiological range upon these lengthening contractions is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of training-induced stiffening of the Achilles tendon on triceps surae muscle-tendon behavior during a landing task. Twenty-one male subjects were assigned to either a 10-week resistance-training program consisting of single-leg isometric plantarflexion (n = 11) or to a non-training control group (n = 10). Before and after the training period, plantarflexion force, peak Achilles tendon strain and stiffness were measured during isometric contractions, using a combination of dynamometry, ultrasound and kinematics data. Additionally, testing included a step-landing task, during which joint mechanics and lengths of gastrocnemius and soleus fascicles, Achilles tendon, and MTU were determined using synchronized ultrasound, kinematics and kinetics data collection. After training, plantarflexion strength and Achilles tendon stiffness increased (15 and 18\%, respectively), and tendon strain during landing remained similar. Likewise, lengthening and negative work produced by the gastrocnemius MTU did not change detectably. However, in the training group, gastrocnemius fascicle length was offset (8\%) to a longer length at touch down and, surprisingly, fascicle lengthening and velocity were reduced by 27 and 21\%, respectively. These changes were not observed for soleus fascicles when accounting for variation in task execution between tests. These results indicate that a training-induced increase in tendon stiffness does not noticeably affect the buffering action of the tendon when the MTU is rapidly stretched. Reductions in gastrocnemius fascicle lengthening and lengthening velocity during landing occurred independently from tendon strain. Future studies are required to provide insight into the mechanisms underpinning these observations and their influence on energy dissipation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiphardtFernandezGonzaloAlbrachtetal.2023,
  author    = {Liphardt, Anna-Maria and Fernandez-Gonzalo, Rodrigo and Albracht, Kirsten and Rittweger, J{\"o}rn and Vico, Laurence},
  title     = {Musculoskeletal research in human space flight - unmet needs for the success of crewed deep space exploration},
  series = {npj Microgravity},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {npj Microgravity},
  number    = {Article number: 9},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  issn      = {2373-8065},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41526-023-00258-3},
  pages     = {1 -- 9},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Based on the European Space Agency (ESA) Science in Space Environment (SciSpacE) community White Paper "Human Physiology - Musculoskeletal system", this perspective highlights unmet needs and suggests new avenues for future studies in musculoskeletal research to enable crewed exploration missions. The musculoskeletal system is essential for sustaining physical function and energy metabolism, and the maintenance of health during exploration missions, and consequently mission success, will be tightly linked to musculoskeletal function. Data collection from current space missions from pre-, during-, and post-flight periods would provide important information to understand and ultimately offset musculoskeletal alterations during long-term spaceflight. In addition, understanding the kinetics of the different components of the musculoskeletal system in parallel with a detailed description of the molecular mechanisms driving these alterations appears to be the best approach to address potential musculoskeletal problems that future exploratory-mission crew will face. These research efforts should be accompanied by technical advances in molecular and phenotypic monitoring tools to provide in-flight real-time feedback.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RichterBraunsteinStaeudleetal.2021,
  author    = {Richter, Charlotte and Braunstein, Bjoern and St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Attias, Julia and Suess, Alexander and Weber, Tobias and Mileva, Katja N. and Rittweger, Joern and Green, David A. and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Gastrocnemius medialis contractile behavior is preserved during 30\% body weight supported gait training},
  series = {Frontiers in Sports and Active Living},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Sports and Active Living},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Frontiers},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2624-9367},
  doi       = {10.3389/fspor.2020.614559},
  pages     = {Artikel 614559},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Rehabilitative body weight supported gait training aims at restoring walking function as a key element in activities of daily living. Studies demonstrated reductions in muscle and joint forces, while kinematic gait patterns appear to be preserved with up to 30\% weight support. However, the influence of body weight support on muscle architecture, with respect to fascicle and series elastic element behavior is unknown, despite this having potential clinical implications for gait retraining. Eight males (31.9 ± 4.7 years) walked at 75\% of the speed at which they typically transition to running, with 0\% and 30\% body weight support on a lower-body positive pressure treadmill. Gastrocnemius medialis fascicle lengths and pennation angles were measured via ultrasonography. Additionally, joint kinematics were analyzed to determine gastrocnemius medialis muscle-tendon unit lengths, consisting of the muscle's contractile and series elastic elements. Series elastic element length was assessed using a muscle-tendon unit model. Depending on whether data were normally distributed, a paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to determine if body weight supported walking had any effects on joint kinematics and fascicle-series elastic element behavior. Walking with 30\% body weight support had no statistically significant effect on joint kinematics and peak series elastic element length. Furthermore, at the time when peak series elastic element length was achieved, and on average across the entire stance phase, muscle-tendon unit length, fascicle length, pennation angle, and fascicle velocity were unchanged with respect to body weight support. In accordance with unchanged gait kinematics, preservation of fascicle-series elastic element behavior was observed during walking with 30\% body weight support, which suggests transferability of gait patterns to subsequent unsupported walking.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlbrachtArampatzisBaltzopoulos2008,
  author    = {Albracht, Kirsten and Arampatzis, Adamantios and Baltzopoulos, Vasilios},
  title     = {Assessment of muscle volume and physiological cross-sectional area of the human triceps surae muscle in vivo},
  series = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  issn      = {0021-9290},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.020},
  pages     = {2211 -- 2218},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RichterBraunsteinStaeudleetal.2018,
  author    = {Richter, Charlotte and Braunstein, Bjoern and St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Attias, Julia and Suess, Alexander and Weber, T. and Rittweger, Joern and Green, David A. and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {In vivo fascicle length of the gastrocnemius muscle during walking in simulated martian gravity using two different body weight support devices},
  series = {23rd Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Dublin, Irland},
  booktitle = {23rd Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Dublin, Irland},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaeudleSeynnesLapsetal.2022,
  author    = {St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Seynnes, Olivier and Laps, Guido and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Altered gastrocnemius contractile behavior in former achilles tendon rupture patients during walking},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2022.792576},
  pages     = {12 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) remains associated with functional limitations years after injury. Architectural remodeling of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle is typically observed in the affected leg and may compensate force deficits caused by a longer tendon. Yet patients seem to retain functional limitations during—low-force—walking gait. To explore the potential limits imposed by the remodeled GM muscle-tendon unit (MTU) on walking gait, we examined the contractile behavior of muscle fascicles during the stance phase. In a cross-sectional design, we studied nine former patients (males; age: 45 ± 9 years; height: 180 ± 7 cm; weight: 83 ± 6 kg) with a history of complete unilateral ATR, approximately 4 years post-surgery. Using ultrasonography, GM tendon morphology, muscle architecture at rest, and fascicular behavior were assessed during walking at 1.5 m⋅s-1 on a treadmill. Walking patterns were recorded with a motion capture system. The unaffected leg served as control. Lower limbs kinematics were largely similar between legs during walking. Typical features of ATR-related MTU remodeling were observed during the stance sub-phases corresponding to series elastic element (SEE) lengthening (energy storage) and SEE shortening (energy release), with shorter GM fascicles (36 and 36\%, respectively) and greater pennation angles (8° and 12°, respectively). However, relative to the optimal fascicle length for force production, fascicles operated at comparable length in both legs. Similarly, when expressed relative to optimal fascicle length, fascicle contraction velocity was not different between sides, except at the time-point of peak series elastic element (SEE) length, where it was 39 ± 49\% lower in the affected leg. Concomitantly, fascicles rotation during contraction was greater in the affected leg during the whole stance-phase, and architectural gear ratios (AGR) was larger during SEE lengthening. Under the present testing conditions, former ATR patients had recovered a relatively symmetrical walking gait pattern. Differences in seen AGR seem to accommodate the profound changes in MTU architecture, limiting the required fascicle shortening velocity. Overall, the contractile behavior of the GM fascicles does not restrict length- or velocity-dependent force potentials during this locomotor task.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaeudleSeynnesLapsetal.2021,
  author    = {St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Seynnes, Olivier and Laps, Guido and G{\"o}ll, Fabian and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Recovery from achilles tendon repair: a combination of Postsurgery Outcomes and Insufficient remodeling of muscle and tendon},
  series = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {American College of Sports Medicine},
  address   = {Philadelphia, Pa.},
  issn      = {1530-0315},
  doi       = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000002592},
  pages     = {1356 -- 1366},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) patients have persistent functional deficits in the triceps surae muscle-tendon unit (MTU). The complex remodeling of the MTU accompanying these deficits remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to associate in vivo and in silico data to investigate the relations between changes inMTU properties and strength deficits inATR patients. Methods: Elevenmale subjects who had undergone surgical repair of complete unilateral ATR were examined 4.6 ± 2.0 (mean ± SD) yr after rupture. Gastrocnemius medialis (GM) tendon stiffness, morphology, and muscle architecture were determined using ultrasonography. The force-length relation of the plantar flexor muscles was assessed at five ankle joint angles. In addition, simulations (OpenSim) of the GM MTU force-length properties were performed with various iterations of MTU properties found between the unaffected and the affected side. Results: The affected side of the patients displayed a longer, larger, and stiffer GM tendon (13\% ± 10\%, 105\% ± 28\%, and 54\% ± 24\%, respectively) compared with the unaffected side. The GM muscle fascicles of the affected side were shorter (32\% ± 12\%) and with greater pennation angles (31\% ± 26\%). A mean deficit in plantarflexion moment of 31\% ± 10\% was measured. Simulations indicate that pairing an intact muscle with a longer tendon shifts the optimal angular range of peak force outside physiological angular ranges, whereas the shorter muscle fascicles and tendon stiffening seen in the affected side decrease this shift, albeit incompletely. Conclusions: These results suggest that the substantial changes in MTU properties found in ATR patients may partly result from compensatory remodeling, although this process appears insufficient to fully restore muscle function.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KolditzAlbinAbeletal.2016,
  author    = {Kolditz, Melanie and Albin, Thivaharan and Abel, Dirk and Fasse, Alessandro and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Evaluation of foot position and orientation as manipulated variables to control external knee adduction moments in leg extension training},
  series = {Computer methods and programs in biomedicine},
  volume    = {171},
  journal   = {Computer methods and programs in biomedicine},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0169-2607},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.09.005},
  pages     = {81 -- 86},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background and Objective Effective leg extension training at a leg press requires high forces, which need to be controlled to avoid training-induced damage. In order to avoid high external knee adduction moments, which are one reason for unphysiological loadings on knee joint structures, both training movements and the whole reaction force vector need to be observed. In this study, the applicability of lateral and medial changes in foot orientation and position as possible manipulated variables to control external knee adduction moments is investigated. As secondary parameters both the medio-lateral position of the center of pressure and the frontal-plane orientation of the reaction force vector are analyzed. Methods Knee adduction moments are estimated using a dynamic model of the musculoskeletal system together with the measured reaction force vector and the motion of the subject by solving the inverse kinematic and dynamic problem. Six different foot conditions with varying positions and orientations of the foot in a static leg press are evaluated and compared to a neutral foot position. Results Both lateral and medial wedges under the foot and medial and lateral shifts of the foot can influence external knee adduction moments in the presented study with six healthy subjects. Different effects are observed with the varying conditions: the pose of the leg is changed and the direction and center of pressure of the reaction force vector is influenced. Each effect results in a different direction or center of pressure of the reaction force vector. Conclusions The results allow the conclusion that foot position and orientation can be used as manipulated variables in a control loop to actively control knee adduction moments in leg extension training.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KaramanidisAlbrachtBraunsteinetal.2011,
  author    = {Karamanidis, Kiros and Albracht, Kirsten and Braunstein, Bjoern and Catala, Maria Moreno and Goldmann, Jan-Peter and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter},
  title     = {Lower leg musculoskeletal geometry and sprint performance},
  series = {Gait and Posture},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Gait and Posture},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0966-6362},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.03.009},
  pages     = {138 -- 141},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sprint performance is related to lower leg musculoskeletal geometry within a homogeneous group of highly trained 100-m sprinters. Using a cluster analysis, eighteen male sprinters were divided into two groups based on their personal best (fast: N = 11, 10.30 ± 0.07 s; slow: N = 7, 10.70 ± 0.08 s). Calf muscular fascicle arrangement and Achilles tendon moment arms (calculated by the gradient of tendon excursion versus ankle joint angle) were analyzed for each athlete using ultrasonography. Achilles tendon moment arm, foot and ankle skeletal geometry, fascicle arrangement as well as the ratio of fascicle length to Achilles tendon moment arm showed no significant (p > 0.05) correlation with sprint performance, nor were there any differences in the analyzed musculoskeletal parameters between the fast and slow sprinter group. Our findings provide evidence that differences in sprint ability in world-class athletes are not a result of differences in the geometrical design of the lower leg even when considering both skeletal and muscular components.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KolditzAlbrachtFasseetal.2015,
  author    = {Kolditz, Melanie and Albracht, Kirsten and Fasse, Alessandro and Albin, Thivaharan and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Abel, Dirk},
  title     = {Evaluation of an industrial robot as a leg press training device},
  series = {XV International Symposium on Computer Simulation in Biomechanics July 9th - 11th 2015, Edinburgh, UK},
  booktitle = {XV International Symposium on Computer Simulation in Biomechanics July 9th - 11th 2015, Edinburgh, UK},
  pages     = {41 -- 42},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KolditzAlbinFasseetal.2015,
  author    = {Kolditz, Melanie and Albin, Thivaharan and Fasse, Alessandro and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Abel, Dirk and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Simulative Analysis of Joint Loading During Leg Press Exercise for Control Applications},
  series = {IFAC-PapersOnLine},
  volume    = {48},
  booktitle = {IFAC-PapersOnLine},
  number    = {20},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.10.179},
  pages     = {435 -- 440},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BraunsteinGoldmannAlbrachtetal.2013,
  author    = {Braunstein, Bjoern and Goldmann, Jan-Peter and Albracht, Kirsten and Sanno, Maximilian and Willwacher, Steffen and Heinrich, Kai and Herrmann, Volker and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter},
  title     = {Joint specific contribution of mechanical power and work during acceleration and top speed in elite sprinters},
  series = {31 International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports, Taipei, Taiwan, July 07 - July 22, 2013},
  booktitle = {31 International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports, Taipei, Taiwan, July 07 - July 22, 2013},
  issn      = {1999-4168},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{DroszezSannoGoldmannetal.2016,
  author    = {Droszez, Anna and Sanno, Maximilian and Goldmann, Jan-Peter and Albracht, Kirsten and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Braunstein, Bjoern},
  title     = {Differences between take-off behavior during vertical jumps and two artistic elements},
  series = {34th International Conference of Biomechanics in Sport, Tsukuba, Japan, July 18-22, 2016},
  booktitle = {34th International Conference of Biomechanics in Sport, Tsukuba, Japan, July 18-22, 2016},
  issn      = {1999-4168},
  pages     = {577 -- 580},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YangKriechbaumerAlbrachtetal.2015,
  author    = {Yang, Peng-Fei and Kriechbaumer, Andreas and Albracht, Kirsten and Sanno, Maximilian and Ganse, Bergita and Koy, Timmo and Shang, Peng and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and M{\"u}ller, Lars Peter and Rittweger, J{\"o}rn},
  title     = {On the relationship between tibia torsional deformation and regional muscle contractions in habitual human exercises in vivo},
  series = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0021-9290},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.12.031},
  pages     = {456 -- 464},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BelavyAlbrachtBrueggemannetal.2016,
  author    = {Belavy, Daniel L. and Albracht, Kirsten and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Vergroesen, Pieter-Paul A. and Dieen, Jaap H. van},
  title     = {Can exercise positively influence the intervertebral disc?},
  series = {Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Sports Medicine},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1179-2035},
  doi       = {10.1007/s40279-015-0444-2},
  pages     = {473 -- 485},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {To better understand what kinds of sports and exercise could be beneficial for the intervertebral disc (IVD), we performed a review to synthesise the literature on IVD adaptation with loading and exercise. The state of the literature did not permit a systematic review; therefore, we performed a narrative review. The majority of the available data come from cell or whole-disc loading models and animal exercise models. However, some studies have examined the impact of specific sports on IVD degeneration in humans and acute exercise on disc size. Based on the data available in the literature, loading types that are likely beneficial to the IVD are dynamic, axial, at slow to moderate movement speeds, and of a magnitude experienced in walking and jogging. Static loading, torsional loading, flexion with compression, rapid loading, high-impact loading and explosive tasks are likely detrimental for the IVD. Reduced physical activity and disuse appear to be detrimental for the IVD. We also consider the impact of genetics and the likelihood of a 'critical period' for the effect of exercise in IVD development. The current review summarises the literature to increase awareness amongst exercise, rehabilitation and ergonomic professionals regarding IVD health and provides recommendations on future directions in research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YangKriechbaumerAlbrachtetal.2014,
  author    = {Yang, Peng-Fei and Kriechbaumer, Andreas and Albracht, Kirsten and Sanno, Maximilian and Ganse, Bergita and Koy, Timmo and Shang, Peng and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and M{\"u}ller, Lars Peter and Rittweger, J{\"o}rn},
  title     = {A novel optical approach for assessing in vivo bone segment deformation and its application in muscle-bone relationship studies in humans},
  series = {Journal of Orthopaedic Translation},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Journal of Orthopaedic Translation},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Singapore},
  issn      = {2214-0328},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jot.2014.07.078},
  pages     = {238 -- 238},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GoldmannBraunsteinHeinrichetal.2015,
  author    = {Goldmann, Jan-Peter and Braunstein, Bjoern and Heinrich, Kai and Sanno, Maximilian and St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Ritzdorf, Wolfgang and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Joint work of the take-off leg during elite high jump},
  series = {Proceedings of the 33th International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports (ISBS)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33th International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports (ISBS)},
  pages     = {3 S.},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AbelBoninAlbrachtetal.2010,
  author    = {Abel, Thomas and Bonin, Dominik and Albracht, Kirsten and Zeller, Sebastian and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Burkett, Brendan and Str{\"u}der, Heiko K.},
  title     = {Kinematic profile of the elite handcyclist},
  series = {28th International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports, Marquette, Michigan, USA, July 19 - 23, 2010},
  booktitle = {28th International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports, Marquette, Michigan, USA, July 19 - 23, 2010},
  issn      = {1999-4168},
  pages     = {140 -- 141},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarKoshitzSvetlowaetal.2006,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Koshitz, I. N. and Svetlowa, O. V. and Zaseeva, M. V.},
  title     = {Physiological principles of hypotensive therapy of open-angle glaucoma during presbyopic period. Part II Promising algorithms of practical sparing applications / Koshitz, I. N. ; Svetlova, O. V. ; Zaseeva, M. V. ; Shuhaev, S. V. ; Makarov, F. N. ; Kotliar},
  series = {Glaukoma (2006)},
  journal   = {Glaukoma (2006)},
  publisher = {-},
  pages     = {51 -- 70},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarKoshitzSvetlowaetal.2005,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Koshitz, I. N. and Svetlowa, O. V. and Makarov, F. N.},
  title     = {Biomechanical analysis of traditional and contemporary conceptions on pathogenesis of the primary open angle glaucoma / Koshitz, I. N. ; Svetlova, O. V. ; Kotliar, K. E. ; Makarov, F. N. ; Smolnikov, B. A.},
  series = {Glaukoma (2005)},
  journal   = {Glaukoma (2005)},
  publisher = {-},
  pages     = {41 -- 63},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarSvetlovaStegaevetal.2004,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Svetlova, O. V. and Stegaev, V. A. and Parkhomov, S. D.},
  title     = {Biomechanical substantiation of relatively low efficiency of recurrent laser trabeculoplasty / Svetlova, O. V. ; Stagaev, V. A. ; Parkhomov, S. D. ; Kotliar, K. E. ; Makarov, F. N. ; Smolnikov, B. A. ; Koshitz, I. N.},
  series = {Glaukoma (2004)},
  journal   = {Glaukoma (2004)},
  publisher = {-},
  pages     = {29 -- 39},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarSvetlovaSourjikovetal.2004,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Svetlova, O. V. and Sourjikov, A. V. and Zaseeva, M. V.},
  title     = {Biomechanical peculiarities of aqueous humor production system and outflow regulation system / Svetlova, O. V. ; Sourjikov, A. V. ; Kotliar, K. E. ; Zaseeva, M. V. ; Shukhaev, S. V. ; Koshitz, I. N.},
  series = {Glaukoma (2004)},
  journal   = {Glaukoma (2004)},
  publisher = {-},
  pages     = {66 -- 76},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kotliar2008,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin},
  title     = {Functional in-vivo assessment and biofluidmechanical analysis of age-related and pathological microstructural changes in retinal vessels [Elektronische Ressource]},
  publisher = {-},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarHanssenEberhardtetal.2013,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Hanssen, Henner and Eberhardt, Karla and Vilser, Walthard and Schmaderer, Christoph and Halle, Martin and Heemann, Uwe and Baumann, M.},
  title     = {Retinal pulse wave velocity in young male normotensive and mildly hypertensive subjects},
  series = {Microcirculation},
  journal   = {Microcirculation},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {1549-8719},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FeuchtSchoenbachLanzletal.2013,
  author    = {Feucht, Nikolaus and Sch{\"o}nbach, Etienne Michael and Lanzl, Ines and Kotliar, Konstantin and Lohmann, Chris Patrick and Maier, Mathias},
  title     = {Changes in the foveal microstructure after intravitreal bevacizumab application in patients with retinal vascular disease},
  series = {Clinical Ophthalmology},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Clinical Ophthalmology},
  publisher = {Dove Medical Press},
  address   = {Auckland, New Zealand},
  issn      = {1177-5483},
  pages     = {173 -- 178},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarLanzl2011,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Lanzl, Ines M.},
  title     = {Can vascular function be assessed by the interpretation of retinal vascular diameter changes?},
  series = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science, IOVS. 52 (2011), H. 1},
  journal   = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science, IOVS. 52 (2011), H. 1},
  publisher = {ARVO},
  address   = {Rockville, Md.},
  isbn      = {0146-0404},
  pages     = {635 -- 636},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarMueckeVilseretal.2008,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and M{\"u}cke, Bruno and Vilser, Walthard and Schilling, Rudolf},
  title     = {Effect of aging on retinal artery blood column diameter measured along the vessel axis / Kotliar, Konstantin E. ; M{\"u}cke, Bruno ; Vilser, Walthard ; Schilling, Rudolf ; Lanzl, Ines M.},
  series = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science, IOVS. 49 (2008), H. 5},
  journal   = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science, IOVS. 49 (2008), H. 5},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {0146-0404},
  pages     = {2094 -- 2102},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarLanzlHanssenetal.2012,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Lanzl, Ines M. and Hanssen, Henner and Eberhardt, Karla and Vilser, Walthard and Halle, Martin and Heemann, Uwe and Schmidt-Trucks{\"a}ss, Arno and Baumann, Marcus},
  title     = {Does increased blood pressure rather than aging influence retinal pulse wave velocity?},
  series = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science, IOVS},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science, IOVS},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {ARVO},
  address   = {Rockville, Md.},
  issn      = {0146-0404},
  doi       = {10.1167/iovs.11-8815},
  pages     = {2119 -- 2126},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Purpose: It was demonstrated previously that retinal pulse wave velocity (rPWV) as a measure of retinal arterial stiffness is increased in aged anamnestically healthy volunteers compared with young healthy subjects. Using novel methodology of rPWV assessment this finding was confirmed and investigated whether it might relate to the increased blood pressure usually accompanying the aging process, rather than to the aging itself. Methods: A total of 12 young 25.5-year-old (24.0-28.8) [median(1st quartile-3rd quartile)] and 12 senior 68.5-year-old (63.8-71.8) anamnestically healthy volunteers; and 12 senior 63.0-year-old (60.8-65.0) validated healthy volunteers and 12 young 33.0-year-old (29.5-35.0) hypertensive patients were examined. Time-dependent alterations of vessel diameter were assessed by the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer in a retinal artery of each subject. The data were filtered and processed using mathematical signal analysis and rPWVs were calculated. Results: rPWV amounted to 1200 (990-1470) RU (relative units)/s in the hypertensive group and to 1040 (700-2230) RU/s in anamnestically healthy seniors. These differed significantly from rPWVs in young healthy group (410 [280-500] RU/s) and in validated healthy seniors (400 [320-510] RU/s). rPWV associated with age and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the pooled cohort excluded validated healthy seniors. In a regression model these associations remain when alternately adjusted for MAP and age. When including validated healthy seniors in the pooled cohort only association with MAP remains. Conclusions: Both aging (with not excluded cardiovascular risk factors) and mild hypertension are associated with elevated rPWV. rPWV increases to a similar extent both in young mildly hypertensive subjects and in aged anamnestically healthy persons. Healthy aging is not associated with increased rPWV.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarNagelVilseretal.2010,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Nagel, Edgar and Vilser, Walthard and Seidova, Seid-Fatima and Lanzl, Ines},
  title     = {Microstructural alterations of retinal arterial blood column along the vessel axis in systemic hypertension},
  series = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science, IOVS},
  volume    = {51},
  journal   = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science, IOVS},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {ARVO},
  address   = {Rockville, Md.},
  issn      = {0146-0404},
  doi       = {10.1167/iovs.09-3649},
  pages     = {2165 -- 2172},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Purpose: Image analysis by the retinal vessel analyzer (RVA) observes retinal vessels in their dynamic state online noninvasively along a chosen vessel segment. It has been found that high-frequency diameter changes in the retinal artery blood column along the vessel increase significantly in anamnestically healthy volunteers with increasing age and in patients with glaucoma during vascular dilation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether longitudinal sections of the retinal artery blood column are altered in systemic hypertension. Methods: Retinal arteries of 15 untreated patients with essential arterial hypertension (age, 50.9 ± 11.9 years) and of 15 age-matched anamnestically healthy volunteers were examined by RVA. After baseline assessment, a monochromatic luminance flicker (530-600 nm; 12.5 Hz; 20 s) was applied to evoke retinal vasodilation. Differences in amplitude and frequency of spatial artery blood column diameter change along segments (longitudinal arterial profiles) of 1 mm in length were measured and analyzed using Fourier transformation. Results: In the control group, average reduced power spectra (ARPS) of longitudinal arterial profiles did not differ when arteries changed from constriction to dilation. In the systemic hypertension group, ARPS during constriction, baseline, and restoration were identical and differed from ARPS during dilation (P < 0.05). Longitudinal arterial profiles in both groups showed significant dissimilitude at baseline and restoration (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The retinal artery blood column demonstrates microstructural alterations in systemic hypertension and is less irregular along the vessel axis during vessel dilation. These microstructural changes may be an indication of alterations in vessel wall rigidity, vascular endothelial function, and smooth muscle cells in this disease, leading to impaired perfusion and regulation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LanzlSeidovaMaieretal.2011,
  author    = {Lanzl, Ines M. and Seidova, Seid-Fatima and Maier, Mathias and Schmidt-Trucks{\"a}ss, Arno and Halle, Martin and Kotliar, Konstantin},
  title     = {Dynamic retinal vessel response to flicker in age-related macular degeneration patients before and after vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor injection},
  series = {Acta Ophthalmologica},
  volume    = {89},
  journal   = {Acta Ophthalmologica},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  isbn      = {1755-3768},
  pages     = {472 -- 479},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarMaierBaueretal.2008,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Maier, Mathias and Bauer, Svetlana and Feucht, Nikolaus and Lohmann, Chris and Lanzl, Ines},
  title     = {Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and intraocular pressure: author's reply},
  series = {Acta Ophthalmologica},
  volume    = {86},
  journal   = {Acta Ophthalmologica},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {1755-3768},
  pages     = {692 -- 693},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarNagelVilseretal.2008,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Nagel, Edgar and Vilser, Walthard and Lanzl, Ines M.},
  title     = {Functional in vivo assessment of retinal artery microirregularities in glaucoma / Kotliar, Konstantin E. ; Nagel, Edgar ; Vilser, Walthard ; Lanzl, Ines M.},
  series = {Acta Ophthalmologica. 86 (2008), H. 4},
  journal   = {Acta Ophthalmologica. 86 (2008), H. 4},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {1755-3768},
  pages     = {424 -- 433},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarMaierBaueretal.2007,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Maier, Mathias and Bauer, Svetlana and Feucht, Nikolaus},
  title     = {Effect of intravitreal injections and volume changes on intraocular pressure: clinical results and biomechanical model / Kotliar, Konstantin ; Maier, Mathias ; Bauer, Svetlana ; Feucht, Nikolaus ; Lohmann, Chris ; Lanzl, Ines},
  series = {Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 85 (2007), H. 7},
  journal   = {Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 85 (2007), H. 7},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {1755-3768},
  pages     = {777 -- 781},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarMogilevskiĭShiloetal.2008,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Mogilevskiĭ, A. Ia. and Shilo, A. V. and Panchekha, A. P.},
  title     = {[Chaotic non-linear dynamics of alpha-band of the EEg and organization of the cortical activity of P300 wave] / Mogilevskiĭ, A. Ia. ; Kotliar, K. E. ; Shilo, A. V. ; Panchekha, A. P.},
  series = {Zhurnal vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova. 58 (2008), H. 5},
  journal   = {Zhurnal vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova. 58 (2008), H. 5},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {0044-4677},
  pages     = {562 -- 575},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarSvetlovaMakarovetal.2003,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Svetlova, O. V. and Makarov, F. N. and Zaseeva, M. V.},
  title     = {Morfologicheskie i funktsional'nye osobennosti resnichnogo poiaska khrustalika kak kliuchevogo ispolnitel'nogo zvena v mekhanizme akkommodatsii glaza cheloveka = Morpho-functional characteristics of lens ciliary body as a key mechanism of accommodation in},
  series = {Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia). 123 (2003), H. 3},
  journal   = {Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia). 123 (2003), H. 3},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {1026-3543},
  pages     = {7 -- 16},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarVolkovKoshitsetal.1997,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Volkov, V. V. and Koshits, I. N. and Svetlova, O. V.},
  title     = {Biomekhanicheskie osobennosti vzaimodeĭstviia drenazhno i akkomodatsionnoĭ reguliatornykh sistem glaza v norme i pri kontuzionnom podvyvikhe khrustalika / Volkov, V. V. ; Kotliar, K. E. ; Koshits, I. n. ; Svetlova, O. V. ; Smol´nikov, B. A.},
  series = {Vestnik oftalmologii. 113 (1997), H. 3},
  journal   = {Vestnik oftalmologii. 113 (1997), H. 3},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {0042-465X},
  pages     = {5 -- 7},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PresslerEsefeldScherretal.2010,
  author    = {Pressler, Axel and Esefeld, Katrin and Scherr, Johannes and Ali, Mohammad and Hanssen, Henner and Kotliar, Konstantin and Lanzl, Ines and Halle, Martin and Kaemmerer, Harald and Schmidt-Trucks{\"a}ss, Arno and Hager, Alfred},
  title     = {Structural alterations of retinal arterioles in adults late after repair of aortic isthmic coarctation},
  series = {The American Journal of Cardiology},
  volume    = {105},
  journal   = {The American Journal of Cardiology},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0002-9149},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.070},
  pages     = {740 -- 744},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Patients after coarctation repair still have an increased risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. This has been explained by the persisting hypertension and alterations in the peripheral vessels. However, involvement of the central vessels such as the retinal arteries is virtually unknown. A total of 34 patients after coarctation repair (22 men and 12 women; 23 to 58 years old, age range 0 to 32 years at surgical repair) and 34 nonhypertensive controls underwent structural and functional retinal vessel analysis. Using structural analysis, the vessel diameters were measured. Using functional analysis, the endothelium-dependent vessel dilation in response to flicker light stimulation was assessed. In the patients after coarctation repair, the retinal arteriolar diameter was significantly reduced compared to that of the controls (median 182 μm, first to third quartile 171 to 197; vs 197 μm, first to third quartile 193 to 206; p <0.001). These findings were independent of the peripheral blood pressure and age at intervention. No differences were found for venules. The functional analysis findings were not different between the patients and controls (maximum dilation 3.5\%, first to third quartile 2.1\% to 4.5\% vs 3.6\%, first to third quartile 2.2\% to 4.3\%; p = 0.81), indicating preserved autoregulative mechanisms. In conclusion, the retinal artery diameter is reduced in patients after coarctation repair, independent of their current blood pressure level and age at intervention. As a structural marker of chronic vessel damage associated with past, current, or future hypertension, retinal arteriolar narrowing has been linked to stroke incidence. These results indicate an involvement of cerebral microcirculation in aortic coarctation, despite timely repair, and might contribute to explain the increased rate of cerebrovascular events in such patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MikielewiczKotliarBarraqueretal.2011,
  author    = {Mikielewicz, Marek and Kotliar, Konstantin and Barraquer, Rafael I. and Michael, Ralph},
  title     = {Air-pulse corneal applanation signal curve parameters for the characterisation of keratoconus},
  series = {British Journal of Ophthalmology (eBJO)},
  volume    = {95},
  journal   = {British Journal of Ophthalmology (eBJO)},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {BMJ Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1468-2079},
  pages     = {793 -- 798},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarBaumannVilseretal.2011,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Baumann, Marcus and Vilser, Walthard and Lanzl, Ines M.},
  title     = {Pulse wave velocity in retinal arteries of healthy volunteers},
  series = {British Journal of Ophthalmology (eBJO)},
  volume    = {95},
  journal   = {British Journal of Ophthalmology (eBJO)},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {BMJ Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  isbn      = {1468-2079},
  pages     = {675 -- 679},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarLanzlSchmidtTrucksaessetal.2011,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Lanzl, Ines M. and Schmidt-Trucks{\"a}ss, A. and Sitnikova, Diana and Ali, Mohammad and Blume, Katharina and Halle, Martin and Hansser, Henner},
  title     = {Dynamic retinal vessel response to flicker in obesity: A methodological approach},
  series = {Microvascular Research},
  volume    = {81},
  journal   = {Microvascular Research},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0026-2862},
  pages     = {123 -- 128},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DashevskyLanzlKotliar2011,
  author    = {Dashevsky, Alexey V. and Lanzl, Ines M. and Kotliar, Konstantin},
  title     = {Non-penetrating intracanalicular partial trabeculectomy via the ostia of Schlemm's canal},
  series = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
  volume    = {249},
  journal   = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {0721-832x},
  pages     = {565 -- 573},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaumannSchwarzKotliaretal.2009,
  author    = {Baumann, Marcus and Schwarz, Sonja and Kotliar, Konstantin and Eynatten, Maximilian von and Trucksaess, Arno and Burckhardt, Klaus and Lutz, Jens and Heemann, Uwe and Lanzl, Ines},
  title     = {Non-diabetic chronic kidney disease influences retinal microvasculature},
  series = {Kidney and Blood Pressure Research},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Kidney and Blood Pressure Research},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {1423-0143},
  pages     = {428 -- 433},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HanssenNickelDrexeletal.2011,
  author    = {Hanssen, H. and Nickel, T. and Drexel, V. and Hertel, G. and Emslander, I. and Sisic, Z. and Lorang, D. and Schuster, T. and Kotliar, Konstantin and Pressler, A. and Schmidt-Trucks{\"a}ss, A. and Weis, M. and Halle, M.},
  title     = {Exercise-induced alterations of retinal vessel diameters and cardiovascular risk reduction in obesity},
  series = {Atherosclerosis},
  volume    = {216},
  journal   = {Atherosclerosis},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {0021-9150},
  pages     = {433 -- 439},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BurkhardtSchwarzPanetal.2009,
  author    = {Burkhardt, Klaus and Schwarz, Sonja and Pan, Chengrui and Stelter, Felix and Kotliar, Konstantin and Eynatten, Maxilian von and Sollinger, Daniel and Lanzl, Ines and Heemann, Uwe and Baumann, Marcus},
  title     = {Myeloid-related protein 8/14 complex describes microcirculatory alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy},
  series = {Cardiovascular Diabetology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Cardiovascular Diabetology},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {1475-2840},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GarhoferBekBoehmetal.2010,
  author    = {Garhofer, Gerhard and Bek, Toke and Boehm, Andreas G. and Gherghel, Doina and Grundwald, Juan and Jeppesen, Peter and Kergoat, H{\´e}l{\`e}ne and Kotliar, Konstantin and Lanzl, Ines and Lovasik, John V. and Nagel, Edgar and Vilser, Walthard and Orgul, Selim and Schmetterer, Leopold},
  title     = {Use of the retinal vessel analyzer in ocular blood flow research},
  series = {Acta Ophthalmol},
  volume    = {88},
  journal   = {Acta Ophthalmol},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1755-3768},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01587.x},
  pages     = {717 -- 722},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The present article describes a standard instrument for the continuous online determination of retinal vessel diameters, the commercially available retinal vessel analyzer. This report is intended to provide informed guidelines for measuring ocular blood flow with this system. The report describes the principles underlying the method and the instruments currently available, and discusses clinical protocol and the specific parameters measured by the system. Unresolved questions and the possible limitations of the technique are also discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarKozlovaLanzl2009,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Kozlova, Tatiana V. and Lanzl, Ines M.},
  title     = {Postoperative aqueous outflow in the human eye after glaucoma filtration surgery: biofluidmechanical considerations},
  series = {Biomedizinische Technik = Biomedical Engineering},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {Biomedizinische Technik = Biomedical Engineering},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {1862-278X},
  pages     = {14 -- 22},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeidovaKotliarFoergeretal.2009,
  author    = {Seidova, Seid-Fatima and Kotliar, Konstantin and Foerger, Frauke and Klopfer, Matthias and Lanzl, Ines},
  title     = {Functional retinal changes in Gaucher disease},
  series = {Documenta Ophthalmologica},
  volume    = {118},
  journal   = {Documenta Ophthalmologica},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {1573-2622},
  pages     = {151 -- 154},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}