@inproceedings{ZischankHeidlerKernetal.2002,
  author    = {Zischank, Wolfgang J. and Heidler, Fridolin and Kern, Alexander and Metwally, I. A. and Wiesinger, J. and Seevers, M.},
  title     = {Laboratory simulation of direct lightning strokes to a modelled building - measurement of magnetic fields and induced voltages},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {In IEC 61312-2 equations for the assessment of the magnetic fields inside structures due to a direct lightning strike are given. These equations are based on computer simulations for shields consisting of a single-layer steel grid of a given mesh width. Real constructions, however, contain at least two layers of reinforcement steel grids. The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the additional shielding effectiveness of a second reinforcement layer compared to a single-layer grid. To this end, simulated structures were set up in the high current laboratory. The structures consisted of cubic cages of 2 m side length with one or with two reinforcement grids, respectively. The structures were exposed to direct lightning currents representing the variety of anticipated lightning current waveforms. The magnetic fields and their derivatives at several positions inside the structure as well as the voltage between "floor" and "roof" in the center were determined for different current injection points. From these data the improvement of the shielding caused by a second reinforcement layer is derived.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernKrichelMueller2001,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Peter},
  title     = {Lightning protection design of a renewable energy hybrid-system without power mains connection},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {In the year 2000 a direct lightning strike to the hybridsystem without power mains connection VATALI on the Greek island Crete results in the destruction and damage of some mechanical and electrical components. The hybrid-system VATALI was not lightning protected at that time. The hardware damage costs are approx. 60,000 €. The exposed site of the hybrid-system on top of a mountain was and still is the reason for a high risk of lightning strikes. Also in the future further lightning strikes have to be taken into consideration. In the paper a fundamental lightning protection design concept for renewable energy hybrid-systems without power mains connection and protection measures against direct strikes and overvoltages are shown in detail. The design concept was realized exemplarily for the hybrid-system VATALI. The hardware costs for the protection measures were about 15,000 €. About 50\% of the costs are due to protection measures against direct strikes, 50\% are due to overvoltage protection. Future extensions, new installations, or modifications have to be included into the lightning protection design concept of the hybrid-system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernHeidlerSeeversetal.2004,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Heidler, Fridolin and Seevers, M. and Zischank, Wolfgang J.},
  title     = {Magnetic Fields and Induced Voltages in case of a Direct Strike - Comparison of Results obtained from Measurements at a Scaled Building to those of IEC 62305-4},
  isbn      = {0304-3886},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In the paper the results obtained from experiments at a modelled reinforced building in case of a direct lightning strike are compared with calculations. The comparison includes peak values of the magnetic field Hmax, its derivative (dH/dt)max and of induced voltages umax in typical cable routings. The experiments are performed at a 1:6 scaled building and the results are extrapolated using the similarity relations theory. The calculations are based on the approximate formulae given in IEC 62305-4 and have to be supplemented by a rough estimation of the additional shielding effect of a second reinforcement layer. The comparison shows, that the measured peak values of the magnetic field and its derivative are mostly lower than the calculated. The induced voltages are in good agreement. Hence, calculations of the induced voltages based on IEC 62305-4 are a good method for lightning protection studies of buildings, where the reinforcement is used as a grid-like electromagnetic shield.},
  subject      = {Blitz},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ZischankHeidlerWiesingeretal.2004,
  author    = {Zischank, Wolfgang J. and Heidler, Fridolin and Wiesinger, J. and Stimper, K. and Kern, Alexander and Seevers, M.},
  title     = {Magnetic Fields and Induced Voltages inside LPZ 1 Measured at a 1:6 Scale Model Building},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Laborexperimente zu Blitzschutzzonen in Stahlbetongeb{\"a}uden anhand eines Modells im Maßstab 1:6},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SteuerDankertBernhardLangolfetal.2022,
  author    = {Steuer-Dankert, Linda and Bernhard, Sebastian and Langolf, Jessica and Leicht-Scholten, Carmen},
  title     = {Managing change and acceptance of digitalization strategies - Implementing the vision of „Internet of Production" (IoP) in existing corporate structures},
  series = {Textile Impulse f{\"u}r die Zukunft: Aachen-Dresden-Denkendorf International Textile Conference 2022},
  journal   = {Textile Impulse f{\"u}r die Zukunft: Aachen-Dresden-Denkendorf International Textile Conference 2022},
  pages     = {153 -- 153},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The vision of the Internet of Production is to enable a new level of crossdomain collaboration by providing semantically adequate and context-aware data from production, development \& usage in real-time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{DielmannPeters2002,
  author    = {Dielmann, Klaus-Peter and Peters, Bernhard},
  title     = {Micro Turbine Using Different Gases and Liquid Fuels},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {Micro turbine using different gases and liquid fuels},
  subject      = {Gasturbine},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{DielmannSchieke2000,
  author    = {Dielmann, Klaus-Peter and Schieke, Wolf},
  title     = {Mikrogasturbinen - Aufbau und Anwendungen},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {Mikrogasturbinen: Funktion, Aufbau, Hersteller, Bauformen, Rekuperatorparameter, Besonderheit der Konstruktion, Regelung, Regelbarkeit, Vergleich mit anderen Systemen, Wirkungs- und Nutzungsgrade, Schadstoffemissionen, Nutzung in Kraft-W{\"a}rme-Kopplung, Kraft-W{\"a}rme-K{\"a}lte-Kopplung},
  subject      = {Gasturbine},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BlankeHagenkampDoeringetal.2021,
  author    = {Blanke, Tobias and Hagenkamp, Markus and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Reger, Vitali and Kuhnhenne, Markus},
  title     = {Net-exergetic, hydraulic and thermal optimization of coaxial heat exchangers using fixed flow conditions instead of fixed flow rates},
  series = {Geothermal Energy},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Geothermal Energy},
  number    = {Article number: 19},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2195-9706},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40517-021-00201-3},
  pages     = {23 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Previous studies optimized the dimensions of coaxial heat exchangers using constant mass fow rates as a boundary condition. They show a thermal optimal circular ring width of nearly zero. Hydraulically optimal is an inner to outer pipe radius ratio of 0.65 for turbulent and 0.68 for laminar fow types. In contrast, in this study, fow conditions in the circular ring are kept constant (a set of fxed Reynolds numbers) during optimization. This approach ensures fxed fow conditions and prevents inappropriately high or low mass fow rates. The optimization is carried out for three objectives: Maximum energy gain, minimum hydraulic efort and eventually optimum net-exergy balance. The optimization changes the inner pipe radius and mass fow rate but not the Reynolds number of the circular ring. The thermal calculations base on Hellstr{\"o}m's borehole resistance and the hydraulic optimization on individually calculated linear loss of head coefcients. Increasing the inner pipe radius results in decreased hydraulic losses in the inner pipe but increased losses in the circular ring. The net-exergy diference is a key performance indicator and combines thermal and hydraulic calculations. It is the difference between thermal exergy fux and hydraulic efort. The Reynolds number in the circular ring is instead of the mass fow rate constant during all optimizations. The result from a thermal perspective is an optimal width of the circular ring of nearly zero. The hydraulically optimal inner pipe radius is 54\% of the outer pipe radius for laminar fow and 60\% for turbulent fow scenarios. Net-exergetic optimization shows a predominant infuence of hydraulic losses, especially for small temperature gains. The exact result depends on the earth's thermal properties and the fow type. Conclusively, coaxial geothermal probes' design should focus on the hydraulic optimum and take the thermal optimum as a secondary criterion due to the dominating hydraulics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernMeppelink2001,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Meppelink, Jan},
  title     = {Neue M{\"o}glichkeiten elektrischer Anschl{\"u}sse an die Bewehrung und Untersuchung der Wirkung von Blitzstr{\"o}men in bewehrtem Beton},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen eines modernen Blitzschutzsystems f{\"u}r Stahlbeton-Bauten bietet es sich an, die Betonbewehrung zu benutzen: - Sie kann die Funktionen der Ableitungseinrichtungen und des Blitzschutz- Potentialausgleichs bei einem klassischen Geb{\"a}ude-Blitzschutz {\"u}bernehmen [1]; - Sie kann, ggf. bei entsprechender Erg{\"a}nzung, als ein geschlossener K{\"a}fig ausgebildet werden und damit eine deutliche Reduzierung der Belastung elektrischer / elektronischer Systeme durch blitzinduzierte elektromagnetische Felder erbringen (LEMP-Schutz [2]). Die Nutzung der Bewehrung ist dabei grunds{\"a}tzlich gleichermaßen bei Neubauten wie auch bei Ert{\"u}chtigungen m{\"o}glich und sinnvoll. So stellt die Nutzung der Bewehrung beispielsweise im Bereich von Großkraftwerken eine wesentliche Ert{\"u}chtigungsmaßnahme f{\"u}r den Blitzschutz elektrischer und elektronischer Einrichtungen dar: - Einerseits wird der Blitzschutz-Potentialausgleich durch den Anschluss metallener Einrichtungen wie Elektronik-Schr{\"a}nke, Kabeltrag-Konstruktionen, Rohrleitungen, etc. an die Bewehrung deutlich verbessert. - Andererseits kann bei gr{\"o}ßeren Geb{\"a}uden die elektromagnetische Schirmwirkung durch die elektrische {\"U}berbr{\"u}ckung von vorhandenen Dehnfugen bei Stahlbetonbauten optimiert werden. Diese Dehnfugen sind teilweise nur unzureichend {\"u}berbr{\"u}ckt, so dass bei Blitzeinschlag in das betreffende oder ein benachbartes Geb{\"a}ude an Kabelstrecken, die {\"u}ber die Dehnfuge hinwegf{\"u}hren, rel. hohe Spannungen induziert werden k{\"o}nnen [2, 3]. Die sich um das gesamte Geb{\"a}ude herumziehende oder zwischen zwei Geb{\"a}uden befindliche Dehnfuge muss deshalb im Abstand von maximal einigen Metern {\"u}berbr{\"u}ckt werden. Im Falle von Blitzschutz-Ert{\"u}chtigungen in vorhandenen Geb{\"a}uden wird bisher an jeder geplanten Anschlussstelle die Bewehrung großfl{\"a}chig (\&\#8709; wenige 10 cm) freigelegt, dort ein elektrischer Anschluss zu dem Bewehrungsstab hergestellt, z.B. mittels eines Erdungsfestpunkts, und dann die Betonoberfl{\"a}che wieder geschlossen. Je nach prognostizierter Strombelastung wird teilweise versucht, den {\"u}ber den Anschluss fließenden Strom bereits auf mehrere Bewehrungsst{\"a}be zu verteilen. Dazu sind entweder die kreuzenden St{\"a}be zu verschweißen oder es sind direkt Anschl{\"u}sse an zwei Bewehrungsst{\"a}be herzustellen. All dieses bedeutet einen hohen Aufwand bei der Freilegung der Bewehrung und auch wieder bei der Schließung der entstandenen Betonl{\"o}cher. Es soll deshalb hier untersucht werden, ob es beispielsweise zum Zwecke des Blitzschutz-Potentialausgleichs und auch zur {\"U}berbr{\"u}ckung von Dehnfugen ausreichend ist, den Anschluss an die Bewehrung nach einfachen Verfahren nur jeweils an einen Bewehrungsstab herzustellen. Damit w{\"u}rde der finanzielle und administrative Aufwand an Betonarbeiten deutlich reduziert. Die hier dargestellten Verfahren sind dabei insbesondere f{\"u}r den Einsatz bei Blitzschutz-Ert{\"u}chtigungen in bestehenden Geb{\"a}uden vorgesehen. Abschließend sollen deshalb die M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Pr{\"u}fung korrekter Anschl{\"u}sse, die Grenzen der Verfahren sowie auch die Grenzen der Anwendbarkeit bei Neuanlagen diskutiert werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{GellertNordaButenweg2008,
  author    = {Gellert, Christoph and Norda, Hannah and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Nonlinear behaviour of masonry under cyclic loading},
  series = {7th European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2008 : 7-9 July 2008, Southampton},
  booktitle = {7th European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2008 : 7-9 July 2008, Southampton},
  organization    = {European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN <7, 2008, Southampton>},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}