@phdthesis{Kelemen1999,
  author    = {Kelemen, Christina},
  title     = {Analyse des phasensprungartigen Einsetzens der Passage humaner Erythrozyten durch Mikropipetten bei kritischen Temperaturen},
  publisher = {Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek},
  address   = {J{\"u}lich},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{WandreyBiselliSchroederetal.1999,
  author    = {Wandrey, Christian and Biselli, Manfred and Schr{\"o}der, Bernd and Schmoll, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Culturing cells on macroporous glass carriers coated with gelatin, extracellular matrix protein and stromal cells},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchmidtJelinekBiselli1999,
  author    = {Schmidt, Sebastian and Jelinek, Nanni and Biselli, Manfred},
  title     = {Verfahren zur Durchf{\"u}hrung von chemischen oder biologischen Reaktionen},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Artmann1999,
  author    = {Artmann, Gerhard},
  title     = {Methodische und experimentelle Beitr{\"a}ge zur Analyse der Ruheform, der Verformung und der Integrit{\"a}t humaner Erythrozyten},
  pages     = {144 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BogoyavlenskiyBerezinOgnevaetal.1999,
  author    = {Bogoyavlenskiy, A. P. and Berezin, V. E. and Ogneva, A. V. and Tolmacheva, V. P. and Digel, Ilya and Khudyakova, S. S.},
  title     = {Immunostimulating activity of a saponin-containing extract of Saponaria officinalis},
  series = {Voprosy virusologii},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Voprosy virusologii},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {0507-4088},
  pages     = {229 -- 232},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Laack1999,
  author    = {Laack, Walter van},
  title     = {Der Schl{\"u}ssel zur Ewigkeit},
  publisher = {van Laack},
  address   = {Aachen},
  isbn      = {978-3-9805239-4-3},
  pages     = {285 S.},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Grotendorst1999,
  author    = {Grotendorst, Johannes},
  title     = {Gekoppelte SMP-Systeme im wissenschaftlich-technischen Hochleistungsrechnen - Status und Entwicklungsbedarf : Analyse im Auftrag des BMBF / Federf{\"u}hrung: Zentralinstitut f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik, Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich GmbH ... Ansprechpartner: F. Hoßfeld},
  publisher = {Zentralinstitut f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik},
  address   = {J{\"u}lich},
  pages     = {110 S.},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ReisselTakeiBruneetal.1999,
  author    = {Reißel, Martin and Takei, T. and Brune, M. and K{\"o}ttgen, V.},
  title     = {FEM Based Durability Analysis of the Knuckle of a Passenger Car / Takei, T. ; Brune, M. ; K{\"o}ttgen, V. ; Reissel, M.},
  series = {Proceedings. JSAE Annual Congress (1999)},
  journal   = {Proceedings. JSAE Annual Congress (1999)},
  isbn      = {0919-1364},
  pages     = {17 -- 20},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Sponagel1999,
  author    = {Sponagel, Stefan},
  title     = {Der Mensch als L{\"a}ufer},
  series = {Orthop{\"a}die und Sport : [Bericht zum Stolberger Orthop{\"a}dietag, 13. Juni 1998]},
  journal   = {Orthop{\"a}die und Sport : [Bericht zum Stolberger Orthop{\"a}dietag, 13. Juni 1998]},
  publisher = {Meyer \& Meyer},
  address   = {Aachen},
  isbn      = {978-3-89124-540-8},
  pages     = {15 -- 21},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WeberSchulteLauterbachetal.1999,
  author    = {Weber, Hans-Joachim and Schulte, A. and Lauterbach, Gerhard and S{\"u}dkamp, Michael [u.a.]},
  title     = {Studien{\"u}berblick zu transienten Druckexkursionen bei Membranoxygenatoren / A. Schulte, G. Lauterbach, M. S{\"u}dkamp, H.-J. Weber},
  series = {Kardiotechnik. 8 (1999), H. 1},
  journal   = {Kardiotechnik. 8 (1999), H. 1},
  isbn      = {0941-2670},
  pages     = {14 -- 16},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SanderErwinHuber1999,
  author    = {Sander, Volker and Erwin, Dietmar and Huber, Valentina},
  title     = {High-performance computer management based on Java},
  series = {Future Generation Computer Systems. 15 (1999), H. 3},
  journal   = {Future Generation Computer Systems. 15 (1999), H. 3},
  isbn      = {0167-739X},
  pages     = {425 -- 432},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SponagelMasbergHartmann1999,
  author    = {Sponagel, Stefan and Masberg, Mariane and Hartmann, Jochen},
  title     = {Kraftfahrzeugk{\"u}hlwasserpumpe : Offenlegungsschrift DE19803739A1 ; Ver{\"o}ffentlichungstag im Patentblatt: 12.08.1999},
  publisher = {Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  pages     = {6 S. : Ill.},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TemizArtmannYolcuogluOnaletal.1999,
  author    = {Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Yolcuoglu, B. and Onal, M. A. and Sipahi, O.},
  title     = {The effect of skin transplantation on tumour growth in mice. Yolcuoglu, B.; Onal, M. A.; Sipahi, O.; Temiz, A.; Pekcetin, C.; Acikg{\"o}z, O.; Kar, H.; G{\"u}re A.},
  series = {The American Journal of Surgery. 178 (1999), H. 4},
  journal   = {The American Journal of Surgery. 178 (1999), H. 4},
  isbn      = {0002-9610},
  pages     = {329 -- 330},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaatHeitzer1999,
  author    = {Staat, Manfred and Heitzer, M.},
  title     = {FEM-computation of load carrying capacity of highly loaded passive components by direct methods. Heitzer, M. ; Staat, M.},
  series = {Nuclear Engineering and Design. 193 (1999), H. 3},
  journal   = {Nuclear Engineering and Design. 193 (1999), H. 3},
  isbn      = {0029-5493},
  pages     = {349 -- 358},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerVeggianColauttiConteetal.1999,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Colautti, P. and Conte, V. and De Nardo, L.},
  title     = {Advanced TEPC (Tissue-equivalent proportional counters) for radiation monitoring},
  series = {Annual report / Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, LNL, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. 1998 (1999)},
  journal   = {Annual report / Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, LNL, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. 1998 (1999)},
  pages     = {106},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchuetzHummelSchoeningetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}tz, S. and Hummel, Hans E. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Schroth, P. and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H. and Zimmermann, S. and Schwarz, A. and Kohl, C.-D. and Koczan, D.},
  title     = {Applications and perspectives of biosensors based on insect olfaction},
  series = {Sensor 99 : proceedings / 9th International Fair and Conference for Sensors, Transducers \& Systems, May 18 - 20, 1999, Exhibition Centre N{\"u}rnberg/Germany},
  journal   = {Sensor 99 : proceedings / 9th International Fair and Conference for Sensors, Transducers \& Systems, May 18 - 20, 1999, Exhibition Centre N{\"u}rnberg/Germany},
  publisher = {AMA Service},
  address   = {Wunstorf},
  pages     = {99 -- 104},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerberErnstBussetal.1999,
  author    = {Herber, R. and Ernst, S. and Buß, G. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Baltruschat, H.},
  title     = {Detection of hydrocarbons in air and water by adsorption on Pt electrodes using continuous impedance measurements},
  series = {Proceedings of the Symposium on New Directions in Electroanalytical Chemistry II : [held at the 195th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society in Seattle, Washington on May 3 and 4, 1999] / Physical Electrochemistry, Sensor, and Organic and Biological Electrochemistry Divisions. Ed.: J. Leddy, P. Vanysek, M.D. Porter},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the Symposium on New Directions in Electroanalytical Chemistry II : [held at the 195th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society in Seattle, Washington on May 3 and 4, 1999] / Physical Electrochemistry, Sensor, and Organic and Biological Electrochemistry Divisions. Ed.: J. Leddy, P. Vanysek, M.D. Porter},
  publisher = {Electrochemical Society},
  address   = {Pennington, NJ},
  isbn      = {1-56677-227-3},
  pages     = {168 -- 177},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchrothSchoeningSchuetzetal.1999,
  author    = {Schroth, P. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Sch{\"u}tz, S. and Epanya, P. and Steffen, A. and Weißbecker, B. and Hummel, Hans E. and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H.},
  title     = {Improving the bioelectronic interface of an antenna/chip biosensor - technological aspects},
  series = {Proceedings : The Hague, The Netherlands, September 12 - 15, 1999 / [ed. by M. Bartek]. Vol 1.},
  journal   = {Proceedings : The Hague, The Netherlands, September 12 - 15, 1999 / [ed. by M. Bartek]. Vol 1.},
  address   = {The Hague, The Netherlands},
  isbn      = {90-76699-02-X},
  pages     = {569 -- 572},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThustPoghossianSchoeningetal.1999,
  author    = {Thust, M. and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Naser, S. and M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H.},
  title     = {Crosssensitivity of a capacitive penicillin sensor combined with a diffusion barrier},
  series = {Proceedings : The Hague, The Netherlands, September 12 - 15, 1999 / [ed. by M. Bartek]. Vol 1.},
  journal   = {Proceedings : The Hague, The Netherlands, September 12 - 15, 1999 / [ed. by M. Bartek]. Vol 1.},
  address   = {The Hague, The Netherlands},
  isbn      = {90-76699-02-X},
  pages     = {573 -- 576},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThustPoghossianSchoeningetal.1999,
  author    = {Thust, M. and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Naser, S. and M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H.},
  title     = {Cross-sensitivity of a capacitive penicillin sensor combined with a diffusion barrier},
  series = {Proceedings : The Hague, The Netherlands, September 12 - 15, 1999 / [ed. by M. Bartek]. - Vol 1.},
  journal   = {Proceedings : The Hague, The Netherlands, September 12 - 15, 1999 / [ed. by M. Bartek]. - Vol 1.},
  address   = {The Hague, The Netherlands},
  isbn      = {90-76699-02-X},
  pages     = {573 -- 576},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningSchmidtSchubertetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Schmidt, C. and Schubert, J. and Zander, W. and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H. and Legin, A. and Seleznev, B. and Vlasov, Y. G.},
  title     = {Thin film sensors on the basis of chalcogenide glass materials prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique},
  series = {Proceedings : The Hague, The Netherlands, September 12 - 15, 1999 / [ed. by M. Bartek]. Vol 1.},
  journal   = {Proceedings : The Hague, The Netherlands, September 12 - 15, 1999 / [ed. by M. Bartek]. Vol 1.},
  address   = {The Hague, The Netherlands},
  isbn      = {90-76699-02-X},
  pages     = {847 -- 850},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FassbenderSchmittSchoeningetal.1999,
  author    = {Faßbender, F. and Schmitt, G. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and L{\"u}th, H. and Buß, G. and Schultze, J. W.},
  title     = {Passivation and corrosion of microsensor devices exemplified at microelectrode arrays},
  series = {Proceedings : The Hague, The Netherlands, September 12 - 15, 1999 / [ed. by M. Bartek]. Vol 1.},
  journal   = {Proceedings : The Hague, The Netherlands, September 12 - 15, 1999 / [ed. by M. Bartek]. Vol 1.},
  address   = {The Hague, The Netherlands},
  isbn      = {90-76699-02-X},
  pages     = {953 -- 956},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThustSchoeningSchrothetal.1999,
  author    = {Thust, M. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Schroth, P. and Malkoc, {\"U}. and Dicker, C. I. and Steffen, A. and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H.},
  title     = {Enzyme immobilisation on planar and porous silicon substrates for biosensor applications},
  series = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. 7 (1999), H. 1-4},
  journal   = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. 7 (1999), H. 1-4},
  isbn      = {1381-1177},
  pages     = {77 -- 83},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmittFassbenderLuethetal.1999,
  author    = {Schmitt, G. and Faßbender, F. and L{\"u}th, H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Buss, G. and Kranzmann, A. and Gramberg, U.},
  title     = {Korrosionsschutzwirkung von Passivierungsschichten am Beispiel eines Mikroelektrodenarrays},
  series = {Werkstoffe f{\"u}r die Energietechnik / Symposium 3},
  journal   = {Werkstoffe f{\"u}r die Energietechnik / Symposium 3},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {3-527-29940-8},
  pages     = {345 -- 350},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchubertSchoeningSchmidtetal.1999,
  author    = {Schubert, J. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Schmidt, C. and Siegert, M. and Mesters, S. and Zander, W. and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H. and Legin, A. and Mourzina, Y. G. and Seleznev, B. and Vlasov, Y. G.},
  title     = {Chalcogenide-based thin film sensors prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique},
  series = {Applied Physics A. 69, (1999), H. Supplement 1},
  journal   = {Applied Physics A. 69, (1999), H. Supplement 1},
  isbn      = {0947-8396},
  doi       = {10.1007/s003390051534},
  pages     = {803 -- 805},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchrothSchoeningKordosetal.1999,
  author    = {Schroth, P. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H. and Sch{\"u}tz, S. and Weißbecker, B. and Hummel, Hans E.},
  title     = {Insectbased BioFETs with improved signal characteristics},
  series = {Biosensors \& Bioelectronics. 14 (1999), H. 3},
  journal   = {Biosensors \& Bioelectronics. 14 (1999), H. 3},
  issn      = {0956-5663},
  pages     = {303 -- 308},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchrothSchoeningSchuetzetal.1999,
  author    = {Schroth, P. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Sch{\"u}tz, S. and Malkoc, {\"U}. and Steffen, A. and Marso, M. and Hummel, Hans E. and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H.},
  title     = {Coupling of insect antennae to field-effect transistors for biochemical sensing},
  series = {Electrochimica Acta. 44 (1999), H. 21-22},
  journal   = {Electrochimica Acta. 44 (1999), H. 21-22},
  issn      = {0013-4686},
  pages     = {3821 -- 3826},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GlueckSchoeningLuethetal.1999,
  author    = {Gl{\"u}ck, O. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and L{\"u}th, H. and Otto, A. and Emons, H.},
  title     = {Trace metal determination by dc resistance changes of microstructured thin gold film electrodes},
  series = {Electrochimica Acta. 44 (1999), H. 21-22},
  journal   = {Electrochimica Acta. 44 (1999), H. 21-22},
  isbn      = {0013-4686},
  pages     = {3761 -- 3768},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmittSchultzeFassbenderetal.1999,
  author    = {Schmitt, G. and Schultze, J.-W. and Faßbender, F. and Buß, G. and L{\"u}th, H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Passivation and corrosion of microelectrode arrays},
  series = {Electrochimica Acta. 44 (1999), H. 21-22},
  journal   = {Electrochimica Acta. 44 (1999), H. 21-22},
  isbn      = {0013-4686},
  pages     = {3865 -- 3883},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningBussLuethetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Buß, G. and L{\"u}th, H. and Schultze, J.W.},
  title     = {Modifications and characterization of a silicon-based microelectrode array},
  series = {Electrochimica Acta. 44 (1999), H. 21-22},
  journal   = {Electrochimica Acta. 44 (1999), H. 21-22},
  isbn      = {0013-4686},
  pages     = {3899 -- 3910},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ArtmannLiSeipeltetal.1999,
  author    = {Artmann, Gerhard and Li, Anlan and Seipelt, H. and M{\"u}ller, C. [u.a.]},
  title     = {Effects of salicylic acid derivatives on red blood cell membranes. Li, Anlan; Seipelt, H.; M{\"u}ller, C.;Shi, Yong de; Artmann, Gerhard Michael},
  series = {Pharmacology and Toxicology. 85 (1999)},
  journal   = {Pharmacology and Toxicology. 85 (1999)},
  isbn      = {0902-9938},
  pages     = {206 -- 211},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ArtmannHovavGoldfarbetal.1999,
  author    = {Artmann, Gerhard and Hovav, T. and Goldfarb, A. and Yedgar, S. [u.a.]},
  title     = {Enhanced adherence of beta-thalassaemic erythrocytes to endothelial cells. Hovav, T., Goldfarb, A.; Artmann, Gerhard Michael, Yedgar, S.; Barstein, G.},
  series = {British Journal of Haematology. 106 (1999), H. 1},
  journal   = {British Journal of Haematology. 106 (1999), H. 1},
  isbn      = {1365-2141},
  pages     = {178 -- 181},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningSchubertZanderetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Schubert, J{\"u}rgen and Zander, Willy and M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea},
  title     = {Pulsed laser deposition as a novel preparation technique for chemical microsensors},
  series = {Proceedings of SPIE 3857, Chemical Microsenors and Applications II, 124 (November 18, 1999). 3857 (1999)},
  journal   = {Proceedings of SPIE 3857, Chemical Microsenors and Applications II, 124 (November 18, 1999). 3857 (1999)},
  pages     = {124 -- 134},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningGlueckKordosetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Gl{\"u}ck, O. and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H. and Emons, H.},
  title     = {Thin film electrodes for trace metal analysis by dc resistance changes},
  series = {Proceedings of SPIE. 3857 (1999)},
  journal   = {Proceedings of SPIE. 3857 (1999)},
  pages     = {135 -- 143},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningGlueckThust1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Gl{\"u}ck, O. and Thust, M.},
  title     = {Electrochemical methods for the determination of chemical variables in aqueous media},
  series = {The measurement, instrumentation, and sensors handbook / ed.-in-chief John G. Webster. In cooperation with IEEE Press},
  journal   = {The measurement, instrumentation, and sensors handbook / ed.-in-chief John G. Webster. In cooperation with IEEE Press},
  publisher = {CRC Press},
  address   = {Boca Raton [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {0-8493-8347-1},
  pages     = {1 -- 49},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningThustKordosetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Thust, M. and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H.},
  title     = {Chemical sensing structures - From EIS capacitors to array-type sensors},
  series = {Solid state chemical and biochemical sensors : proceedings of Topical Symposium 9 - "Solid State Chemical and Biochemical Sensors" of the Forum on New Materials of the 9th CIMTEC-World Ceramics Congress and Forum on New Materials Florence, Italy June 14-1},
  journal   = {Solid state chemical and biochemical sensors : proceedings of Topical Symposium 9 - "Solid State Chemical and Biochemical Sensors" of the Forum on New Materials of the 9th CIMTEC-World Ceramics Congress and Forum on New Materials Florence, Italy June 14-1},
  publisher = {Techna},
  address   = {Faenza},
  isbn      = {88-86538-27-8},
  pages     = {55 -- 62},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningGlueckSchrothetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Gl{\"u}ck, O. and Schroth, P. and Sch{\"u}tz, S. (u.a.)},
  title     = {Microelectrodes, capacitors and BioFETs: Novel trends in silicon-based biochemical sensing},
  series = {Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering. 19 (1999), H. 1},
  journal   = {Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering. 19 (1999), H. 1},
  issn      = {0208-5216},
  pages     = {105 -- 126},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaatHeitzer1999,
  author    = {Staat, Manfred and Heitzer, M.},
  title     = {Structural Reliability Analysis of Elasto-Plastic Structures},
  series = {Safety and reliability : proceedings of ESREL '99, the Tenth European Conference on Safety and Reliability, Munich-Garching, Germany, 13 - 17 September 1999 / Schu{\"e}ller, G. I.; Kafka, P. [eds]},
  journal   = {Safety and reliability : proceedings of ESREL '99, the Tenth European Conference on Safety and Reliability, Munich-Garching, Germany, 13 - 17 September 1999 / Schu{\"e}ller, G. I.; Kafka, P. [eds]},
  publisher = {Balkema},
  address   = {Rotterdam},
  isbn      = {90-5809-109-0},
  pages     = {513 -- 518},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{StaatHeitzerHicken1999,
  author    = {Staat, Manfred and Heitzer, Michael and Hicken, E. F.},
  title     = {LISA - ein europ{\"a}isches Projekt zur FEM-basierten Traglast- und Einspielanalyse},
  year      = {1999},
  abstract  = {Traglast- und Einspielanalysen sind vereinfachte doch exakte Verfahren der Plastizit{\"a}t, die neben ausreichender Verformbarkeit keine einschr{\"a}nkenden Voraussetzungen beinhalten. Die Vereinfachungen betreffen die Beschaffung der Daten und Modelle f{\"u}r Details der Lastgeschichte und des Stoffverhaltens. Anders als die klassische Behandlung nichtlinearer Probleme der Strukturmechanik f{\"u}hrt die Methode auf Optimierungsprobleme. Diese sind bei realistischen FEM-Modellen sehr groß. Das hat die industrielle Anwendung der Traglast- und Einspielanalysen stark verz{\"o}gert. Diese Situation wird durch das Brite-EuRam Projekt LISA grundlegend ge{\"a}ndert. In LISA entsteht auf der Basis des industriellen FEM-Programms PERMAS ein Verfahren zur direkten Berechnung der Tragf{\"a}higkeit duktiler Strukturen. Damit kann der Betriebsbereich von Komponenten und Bauwerken auf den plastischen Bereich erweitert werden, ohne den Aufwand gegen{\"u}ber elastischen Analysen wesentlich zu erh{\"o}hen. Die beachtlichen Rechenzeitgewinne erlauben Parameterstudien und die Berechnung von Interaktionsdiagrammen, die einen schnellen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber m{\"o}gliche Betriebsbereiche vermitteln. Es zeigt sich, daß abh{\"a}ngig von der Komponente und ihren Belastungen teilweise entscheidende Sicherheitsgewinne zur Erweiterung der Betriebsbereiche erzielt werden k{\"o}nnen. Das Vorgehen erfordert vom Anwender oft ein gewisses Umdenken. Es werden keine Spannungen berechnet, um damit Sicherheit und Lebensdauer zu interpretieren. Statt dessen berechnet man direkt die gesuchte Sicherheit. Der Post-Prozessor wird nur noch zur Modell- und Rechenkontrolle ben{\"o}tigt. Das Vorgehen ist {\"a}hnlich der Stabilit{\"a}tsanalyse (Knicken, Beulen). Durch namhafte industrielle Projektpartner werden Validierung und die Anwendbarkeit auf eine breite Palette technischer Probleme garantiert. Die ebenfalls in LISA entwickelten Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeitsanalysen sind nichlinear erst auf der Basis direkter Verfahren effektiv m{\"o}glich. Ohne Traglast- und Einspielanalyse ist plastische Strukturoptimierung auch heute kaum durchf{\"u}hrbar. Auf die vorgesehenen Erweiterungen der Werkstoffmodellierung f{\"u}r nichtlineare Verfestigung und f{\"u}r Sch{\"a}digung konnte hier nicht eingegangen werden. Es herrscht ein deutlicher Mangel an Experimenten zum Nachweis der Grenzen zwischen elastischem Einspielen und dem Versagen durch LCF oder durch Ratchetting.},
  subject      = {Einspielen <Werkstoff>},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{LangWirtzHeitzeretal.1999,
  author    = {Lang, H. and Wirtz, K. and Heitzer, Michael and Staat, Manfred and Oettel, R.},
  title     = {Zyklische Einspielversuche zur Verifikation von Shakedown-Analysen mittels FEM},
  year      = {1999},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen von Erm{\"u}dungsanalysen ist nachzuweisen, daß die thermisch bedingten fortschreitenden Deformationen begrenzt bleiben. Hierzu ist die Abgrenzung des Shakedown-Bereiches (Einspielen) vom Ratchetting-Bereich (fortschreitende Deformation) von Interesse. Im Rahmen eines EU-gef{\"o}rderten Forschungsvorhabens wurden Experimente mit einem 4-Stab-Modell durchgef{\"u}hrt. Das Experiment bestand aus einem wassergek{\"u}hlten inneren Rohr und drei isolierten und beheizbaren {\"a}ußeren Probest{\"a}ben. Das System wurde durch alternierende Axialkr{\"a}fte, denen alternierende Temperaturen an den {\"a}ußeren St{\"a}ben {\"u}berlagert wurden, belastet. Die Versuchsparameter wurden teilweise nach vorausgegangenen Einspielanalysen gew{\"a}hlt. W{\"a}hrend der Versuchsdurchf{\"u}hrung wurden Temperaturen und Dehnungen zeitabh{\"a}ngig gemessen. Begleitend und nachfolgend zur Versuchsdurchf{\"u}hrung wurden die Belastungen und die daraus resultierenden Beanspruchungen nachvollzogen. Bei dieser inkrementellen elasto-plastischen Analyse mit dem Programm ANSYS wurden unterschiedliche Werkstoffmodelle angesetzt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Simulationsberechnung dienen dazu, die Shakedown-Analysen mittels FE-Methode zu verifizieren.},
  subject      = {Einspielen <Werkstoff>},
  language  = {de}
}