@article{Esch2010,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas},
  title     = {Trends in commercial vehicle powertrains},
  series = {ATZautotechnology},
  volume    = {2010},
  journal   = {ATZautotechnology},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Vieweg \& Sohn},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  issn      = {2192-886X},
  doi       = {10.1007/BF03247185},
  pages     = {26 -- 31},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Low emission zones and truck bans, the rising price of diesel and increases in road tolls: all of these factors are putting serious pressure on the transport industry. Commercial vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers are in the process of identifying new solutions to these challenges as part of their efforts to meet the EEV (enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle) limits, which are currently the most robust European exhaust and emissions standards for trucks and buses.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeEschRoosen2022,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Esch, Thomas and Roosen, Petra},
  title     = {Powertrain Adaptions for LPG Usage in General Aviation},
  series = {MTZ worldwide},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {MTZ worldwide},
  number    = {83},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.1007/s38313-021-0756-6},
  pages     = {58 -- 62},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In general aviation, too, it is desirable to be able to operate existing internal combustion engines with fuels that produce less CO₂ than Avgas 100LL being widely used today It can be assumed that, in comparison, the fuels CNG, LPG or LNG, which are gaseous under normal conditions, produce significantly lower emissions. Necessary propulsion system adaptations were investigated as part of a research project at Aachen University of Applied Sciences.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeEschRoosen2022,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Esch, Thomas and Roosen, Petra},
  title     = {Antriebssystemanpassungen zur Verwendung von LPG als Flugkraftstoff},
  series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ)},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ)},
  number    = {83},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.1007/s35146-021-0778-2},
  pages     = {58 -- 62},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Auch in der allgemeinen Luftfahrt w{\"a}re es w{\"u}nschenswert, die bereits vorhandenen Verbrennungsmotoren mit weniger CO₂-tr{\"a}chtigen Kraftstoffen als dem heute weit verbreiteten Avgas 100LL betreiben zu k{\"o}nnen. Es ist anzunehmen, dass im Vergleich die unter Normalbedingungen gasf{\"o}rmigen Kraftstoffe CNG, LPG oder LNG deutlich weniger Emissionen produzieren. Erforderliche Antriebssystemanpassungen wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts an der FH Aachen untersucht.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FayyaziSardarThomasetal.2023,
  author    = {Fayyazi, Mojgan and Sardar, Paramjotsingh and Thomas, Sumit Infent and Daghigh, Roonak and Jamali, Ali and Esch, Thomas and Kemper, Hans and Langari, Reza and Khayyam, Hamid},
  title     = {Artificial intelligence/machine learning in energy management systems, control, and optimization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles},
  volume    = {15},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/su15065249},
  pages     = {38},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Environmental emissions, global warming, and energy-related concerns have accelerated the advancements in conventional vehicles that primarily use internal combustion engines. Among the existing technologies, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles may have minimal contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and thus are the prime choices for environmental concerns. However, energy management in fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles is a major challenge. Appropriate control strategies should be used for effective energy management in these vehicles. On the other hand, there has been significant progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and designing data-driven intelligent controllers. These techniques have found much attention within the community, and state-of-the-art energy management technologies have been developed based on them. This manuscript reviews the application of machine learning and intelligent controllers for prediction, control, energy management, and vehicle to everything (V2X) in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The effectiveness of data-driven control and optimization systems are investigated to evolve, classify, and compare, and future trends and directions for sustainability are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KreyerMuellerEsch2020,
  author    = {Kreyer, J{\"o}rg and M{\"u}ller, Marvin and Esch, Thomas},
  title     = {A Calculation Methodology for Predicting Exhaust Mass Flows and Exhaust Temperature Profiles for Heavy-Duty Vehicles},
  series = {SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {SAE International},
  address   = {Warrendale, Pa.},
  issn      = {1946-3928},
  doi       = {10.4271/02-13-02-0009},
  pages     = {129 -- 143},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The predictive control of commercial vehicle energy management systems, such as vehicle thermal management or waste heat recovery (WHR) systems, are discussed on the basis of information sources from the field of environment recognition and in combination with the determination of the vehicle system condition. In this article, a mathematical method for predicting the exhaust gas mass flow and the exhaust gas temperature is presented based on driving data of a heavy-duty vehicle. The prediction refers to the conditions of the exhaust gas at the inlet of the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler and at the outlet of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system (EAT). The heavy-duty vehicle was operated on the motorway to investigate the characteristic operational profile. In addition to the use of road gradient profile data, an evaluation of the continuously recorded distance signal, which represents the distance between the test vehicle and the road user ahead, is included in the prediction model. Using a Fourier analysis, the trajectory of the vehicle speed is determined for a defined prediction horizon. To verify the method, a holistic simulation model consisting of several hierarchically structured submodels has been developed. A map-based submodel of a combustion engine is used to determine the EGR and EAT exhaust gas mass flows and exhaust gas temperature profiles. All simulation results are validated on the basis of the recorded vehicle and environmental data. Deviations from the predicted values are analyzed and discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KhayyamJamaliBabHadiasharetal.2020,
  author    = {Khayyam, Hamid and Jamali, Ali and Bab-Hadiashar, Alireza and Esch, Thomas and Ramakrishna, Seeram and Jalili, Mahdi and Naebe, Minoo},
  title     = {A Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithm for Limited and Big Data Modeling with Application in Industry 4.0},
  series = {IEEE Access},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {IEEE Access},
  number    = {Art. 9108222},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {2169-3536},
  doi       = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2999898},
  pages     = {111381 -- 111393},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {To meet the challenges of manufacturing smart products, the manufacturing plants have been radically changed to become smart factories underpinned by industry 4.0 technologies. The transformation is assisted by employment of machine learning techniques that can deal with modeling both big or limited data. This manuscript reviews these concepts and present a case study that demonstrates the use of a novel intelligent hybrid algorithms for Industry 4.0 applications with limited data. In particular, an intelligent algorithm is proposed for robust data modeling of nonlinear systems based on input-output data. In our approach, a novel hybrid data-driven combining the Group-Method of Data-Handling and Singular-Value Decomposition is adapted to find an offline deterministic model combined with Pareto multi-objective optimization to overcome the overfitting issue. An Unscented-Kalman-Filter is also incorporated to update the coefficient of the deterministic model and increase its robustness against data uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined on a set of real industrial measurements.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KhayyamJamaliBabHadiasharetal.2020,
  author    = {Khayyam, Hamid and Jamali, Ali and Bab-Hadiashar, Alireza and Esch, Thomas and Ramakrishna, Seeram and Jalil, Mahdi and Naebe, Minoo},
  title     = {A Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithm for Limited and Big Data Modelling with Application in Industry 4.0},
  series = {IEEE Access},
  journal   = {IEEE Access},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  isbn      = {2169-3536},
  doi       = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2999898},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {To meet the challenges of manufacturing smart products, the manufacturing plants have been radically changed to become smart factories underpinned by industry 4.0 technologies. The transformation is assisted by employment of machine learning techniques that can deal with modeling both big or limited data. This manuscript reviews these concepts and present a case study that demonstrates the use of a novel intelligent hybrid algorithms for Industry 4.0 applications with limited data. In particular, an intelligent algorithm is proposed for robust data modeling of nonlinear systems based on input-output data. In our approach, a novel hybrid data-driven combining the Group-Method of Data-Handling and Singular-Value Decomposition is adapted to find an offline deterministic model combined with Pareto multi-objective optimization to overcome the overfitting issue. An Unscented-Kalman-Filter is also incorporated to update the coefficient of the deterministic model and increase its robustness against data uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined on a set of real industrial measurements.},
  language  = {en}
}