@article{ŠakićMarinkovićButenwegetal.2023, author = {Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven}, title = {Influence of slab deflection on the out-of-plane capacity of unreinforced masonry partition walls}, series = {Engineering Structures}, volume = {276}, journal = {Engineering Structures}, editor = {Yang, J.}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0141-0296}, doi = {10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115342}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Severe damage of non-structural elements is noticed in previous earthquakes, causing high economic losses and posing a life threat for the people. Masonry partition walls are one of the most commonly used non-structural elements. Therefore, their behaviour under earthquake loading in out-of-plane (OOP) direction is investigated by several researches in the past years. However, none of the existing experimental campaigns or analytical approaches consider the influence of prior slab deflection on OOP response of partition walls. Moreover, none of the existing construction techniques for the connection of partition walls with surrounding reinforced concrete (RC) is investigated for the combined slab deflection and OOP loading. However, the inevitable time-dependent behaviour of RC slabs leads to high values of final slab deflections which can further influence boundary conditions of partition walls. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the influence of slab deflection on the OOP capacity of masonry partitions is conducted. In the first step, experimental tests are carried out. Results of experimental tests are further used for the calibration of the numerical model employed for a parametric study. Based on the results, behaviour under combined loading for different construction techniques is explained. The results show that slab deflection leads either to severe damage or to a high reduction of OOP capacity. Existing practical solutions do not account for these effects. In this contribution, recommendations to overcome the problems of combined slab deflection and OOP loading on masonry partition walls are given. Possible interaction of in-plane (IP) loading, with the combined slab deflection and OOP loading on partition walls, is not investigated in this study.}, language = {en} } @article{VerschitzButenweg2014, author = {Verschitz, Daniel and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Standsicherheitsnachweis von Beh{\"a}ltern f{\"u}r Kleinkl{\"a}ranlagen}, series = {ACWA aktuell}, journal = {ACWA aktuell}, number = {12 - 9/2014}, publisher = {RWTH Aachen}, address = {Aachen}, pages = {10}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Die PIA GmbH pr{\"u}ft seit fast 8 Jahren die Standsicherheit von Beh{\"a}ltern f{\"u}r Kleinkl{\"a}ranlagen. Diese bestehen in der Regel aus Kunststoff oder Beton und m{\"u}ssen {\"u}ber ihre gesamte Lebensdauer den Beanspruchungen aus Handhabung, Einbau und Betrieb standhalten. Die Standsicherheit kann nach EN 12566 wahlweise durch einen rechnerischen Nachweis oder durch einen praktischen Nachweis wie die Bruchlastpr{\"u}fung oder die Pr{\"u}fung in der Grube erfolgen.}, language = {de} } @article{TaddeiButenwegKlinkel2015, author = {Taddei, Francesca and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, S.}, title = {Parametric investigation of the soil-structure interaction effects on the dynamic behaviour of a shallow foundation supported wind turbine considering a layered soil}, series = {Wind energy : an international journal for progress and applications in wind power conversion technology}, volume = {Volume 18}, journal = {Wind energy : an international journal for progress and applications in wind power conversion technology}, number = {Issue 3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1099-1824 (E-Journal); 1095-4244 (Print)}, doi = {10.1002/we.1703}, pages = {399 -- 417}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{RossiWinandsButenweg2022, author = {Rossi, Leonardo and Winands, Mark H. M. and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Monte Carlo Tree Search as an intelligent search tool in structural design problems}, series = {Engineering with Computers : An International Journal for Simulation-Based Engineering}, volume = {38}, journal = {Engineering with Computers : An International Journal for Simulation-Based Engineering}, number = {4}, editor = {Zhang, Jessica}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, issn = {1435-5663}, doi = {10.1007/s00366-021-01338-2}, pages = {3219 -- 3236}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a search technique that in the last decade emerged as a major breakthrough for Artificial Intelligence applications regarding board- and video-games. In 2016, AlphaGo, an MCTS-based software agent, outperformed the human world champion of the board game Go. This game was for long considered almost infeasible for machines, due to its immense search space and the need for a long-term strategy. Since this historical success, MCTS is considered as an effective new approach for many other scientific and technical problems. Interestingly, civil structural engineering, as a discipline, offers many tasks whose solution may benefit from intelligent search and in particular from adopting MCTS as a search tool. In this work, we show how MCTS can be adapted to search for suitable solutions of a structural engineering design problem. The problem consists of choosing the load-bearing elements in a reference reinforced concrete structure, so to achieve a set of specific dynamic characteristics. In the paper, we report the results obtained by applying both a plain and a hybrid version of single-agent MCTS. The hybrid approach consists of an integration of both MCTS and classic Genetic Algorithm (GA), the latter also serving as a term of comparison for the results. The study's outcomes may open new perspectives for the adoption of MCTS as a design tool for civil engineers.}, language = {en} } @article{RossiStupazziniParisietal.2019, author = {Rossi, Leonardo and Stupazzini, Marco and Parisi, Davide and Holtschoppen, Britta and Ruggieri, Gabriella and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Empirical fragility functions and loss curves for long-span-beam buildings based on the 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake official database}, series = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, volume = {18}, journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1573-1456}, doi = {10.1007/s10518-019-00759-1}, pages = {1693 -- 1721}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake, that mainly struck the homonymous Italian region provoking 28 casualties and damage to thousands of structures and infrastructures, is an exceptional source of information to question, investigate, and challenge the validity of seismic fragility functions and loss curves from an empirical standpoint. Among the most recent seismic events taking place in Europe, that of Emilia-Romagna is quite likely one of the best documented, not only in terms of experienced damages, but also for what concerns occurred losses and necessary reconstruction costs. In fact, in order to manage the compensations in a fair way both to citizens and business owners, soon after the seismic sequence, the regional administrative authority started (1) collecting damage and consequence-related data, (2) evaluating information sources and (3) taking care of the cross-checking of various reports. A specific database—so-called Sistema Informativo Gestione Europa (SFINGE)—was devoted to damaged business activities. As a result, 7 years after the seismic events, scientists can rely on a one-of-a-kind, vast and consistent database, containing information about (among other things): (1) buildings' location and dimensions, (2) occurred structural damages, (3) experienced direct economic losses and (4) related reconstruction costs. The present work is focused on a specific data subset of SFINGE, whose elements are Long-Span-Beam buildings (mostly precast) deployed for business activities in industry, trade or agriculture. With the available set of data, empirical fragility functions, cost and loss ratio curves are elaborated, that may be included within existing Performance Based Earthquake Engineering assessment toolkits.}, language = {en} } @article{RossiParisiCasarietal.2019, author = {Rossi, Leonardo and Parisi, Davide and Casari, Chiara and Montanari, Luca and Ruggieri, Gabriella and Holtschoppen, Britta and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Empirical Data about Direct Economic Consequences of Emilia-Romagna 2012 Earthquake on Long-Span-Beam Buildings}, series = {Earthquake Spectra}, volume = {35}, journal = {Earthquake Spectra}, number = {4}, issn = {1944-8201}, doi = {10.1193/100118EQS224DP}, pages = {1979 -- 2001}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{RossiHoltschoppenButenweg2019, author = {Rossi, Leonardo and Holtschoppen, Britta and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Official data on the economic consequences of the 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake: a first analysis of database SFINGE}, series = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, volume = {17}, journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007\%2Fs10518-019-00655-8}, pages = {4855 -- 4884}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{RosinButenwegKlinkel2016, author = {Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven}, title = {Stabilit{\"a}tsnachweis f{\"u}r seismisch beanspruchte Tankbauwerke nach dem LBA/MNA-Konzept}, series = {Bauingenieur}, volume = {91}, journal = {Bauingenieur}, number = {12}, publisher = {VDI Fachmedien}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {0005-6650}, doi = {10.37544/0005-6650-2016-12-74}, pages = {518 -- 526}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Eine seismische Anregung verursacht in einem Fl{\"u}ssigkeitstank einen kombinierten Spannungszustand, was zu einem Stabilit{\"a}tsversagen der h{\"a}ufig sehr d{\"u}nnwandigen Konstruktionen f{\"u}hren kann. F{\"u}r die Durchf{\"u}hrung von Stabilit{\"a}tsnachweisen stehen verschiedene Verfahren zur Verf{\"u}gung. {\"U}blicherweise werden aus Gr{\"u}nden der Einfachheit spannungsbasierte Verfahren angewendet. Diese sind f{\"u}r Einheitslastf{\"a}lle experimentell abgesichert, wobei eine {\"U}bertragung auf kombinierte Spannungszust{\"a}nde wie im Erdbebenfall nur begrenzt m{\"o}glich ist. Alternativ kann ein globales, numerisches Konzept, das LBA/MNA-Verfahren, angewendet werden. Das Verfahren kombiniert eine materiell nichtlineare Berechnung (MNA) mit einer linearen Beulanalyse (LBA) und erfasst die Interaktion verschiedener gleichzeitig auftretender Beanspruchungen implizit im Nachweis. Dieser Beitrag demonstriert die Anwendung der Verfahren am Beispiel verschiedener Tankgeometrien mit H{\"o}he/Radius-Verh{\"a}ltnissen zwischen 1 ≤ H/R ≤ 2 und Radius/Tankwand-Verh{\"a}ltnissen zwischen 500 ≤ R/t ≤ 1000 und diskutiert zus{\"a}tzlich die Defizite der spannungsbasierten Nachweisverfahren.}, language = {de} } @article{RosinButenwegCacciatoreetal.2018, author = {Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph and Cacciatore, Pamela and Boesen, Niklas}, title = {Investigation of the seismic performance of modern masonry buildings during the Emilia Romagna earthquake series}, series = {Mauerwerk}, volume = {22}, journal = {Mauerwerk}, number = {4}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1437-1022}, doi = {10.1002/dama.201800013}, pages = {238 -- 250}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The article presents the investigation of the seismic behaviour of a modern URM building located in the municipality of Finale Emilia in province of Modena, Northern Italy. The building is situated in the centre of the series of the 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes and has not suffered any damage during the earthquake series in 2012. The observed earthquake resistance of the building is compared with predicted resistances based on linear and nonlinear design approaches according to Eurocode. Furthermore, probabilistic analyses based on nonlinear calculation models taking into account scattering of the most relevant input parameters are carried out to identify their influence to the results and to derive fragility curves.}, language = {en} } @article{RochefortVerverGrunendahletal.2005, author = {Rochefort, E. de and Verver, M. and Grunendahl, A. and Mooi, H. and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Detailed modelling of the lumbar spine for investigations of low back pain}, series = {SAE transactions : papers presented at Society and Section meetings / Society of Automotive Engineers}, volume = {Volume 114}, journal = {SAE transactions : papers presented at Society and Section meetings / Society of Automotive Engineers}, number = {Part 7}, organization = {Society of Automotive Engineers}, issn = {0096-736X}, pages = {788 -- 796}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{RenaultButenwegMeskouris2005, author = {Renault, Philippe and Butenweg, Christoph and Meskouris, Konstantin}, title = {Beurteilung der Erdbebensicherheit von bestehenden Br{\"u}ckenbauwerken am Beispiel der Rheinbr{\"u}cke Emmerich}, series = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau}, volume = {Volume 100}, journal = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau}, number = {Issue 7}, issn = {1437-1006 (E-Journal); 0005-9900 (Print)}, doi = {10.1002/best.200590145}, pages = {574 -- 581}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{NordaButenweg2011, author = {Norda, Hannah and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen der Anwendbarkeit statisch nichtlinearer Verfahren nach DIN EN 1998-1}, series = {Bauingenieur : die richtungsweisende Zeitschrift im Bauingenieurswesen ; offizielle Zeitschrift der VDI-Gesellschaft Bautechnik. Beilage: D-A-CH-Mitteilungsblatt}, volume = {Band 86}, journal = {Bauingenieur : die richtungsweisende Zeitschrift im Bauingenieurswesen ; offizielle Zeitschrift der VDI-Gesellschaft Bautechnik. Beilage: D-A-CH-Mitteilungsblatt}, publisher = {VDI Fachmedien}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {1436-4867 (E-Journal); 0005-6650 (Print)}, pages = {S13 -- S21}, year = {2011}, language = {de} } @article{MykoniouButenwegHoltschoppenetal.2016, author = {Mykoniou, Konstantin and Butenweg, Christoph and Holtschoppen, Britta and Klinkel, Sven}, title = {Seismic response analysis of adjacent liquid-storage tanks}, series = {Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics}, volume = {45}, journal = {Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1096-9845 (E-Journal); 0098-8847 (Print)}, doi = {10.1002/eqe.2726}, pages = {1779 -- 1796}, year = {2016}, abstract = {A refined substructure technique in the frequency domain is developed, which permits consideration of the interaction effects among adjacent containers through the supporting deformable soil medium. The tank-liquid systems are represented by means of mechanical models, whereas discrete springs and dashpots stand for the soil beneath the foundations. The proposed model is employed to assess the responses of adjacent circular, cylindrical tanks for harmonic and seismic excitations over wide range of tank proportions and soil conditions. The influence of the number, spatial arrangement of the containers and their distance on the overall system's behavior is addressed. The results indicate that the cross-interaction effects can substantially alter the impulsive components of response of each individual element in a tank farm. The degree of this impact is primarily controlled by the tank proportions and the proximity of the predominant natural frequencies of the shell-liquid-soil systems and the input seismic motion. The group effects should be not a priori disregarded, unless the tanks are founded on shallow soil deposit overlying very stiff material or bedrock.}, language = {en} } @article{MorandiButenwegBreisetal.2022, author = {Morandi, Paolo and Butenweg, Christoph and Breis, Khaled and Beyer, Katrin and Magenes, Guido}, title = {Latest findings on the behaviour factor q for the seismic design of URM buildings}, series = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, volume = {20}, journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, number = {11}, editor = {Ansal, Atilla}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, issn = {1573-1456}, doi = {10.1007/s10518-022-01419-7}, pages = {5797 -- 5848}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Recent earthquakes as the 2012 Emilia earthquake sequence showed that recently built unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings behaved much better than expected and sustained, despite the maximum PGA values ranged between 0.20-0.30 g, either minor damage or structural damage that is deemed repairable. Especially low-rise residential and commercial masonry buildings with a code-conforming seismic design and detailing behaved in general very well without substantial damages. The low damage grades of modern masonry buildings that was observed during this earthquake series highlighted again that codified design procedures based on linear analysis can be rather conservative. Although advances in simulation tools make nonlinear calculation methods more readily accessible to designers, linear analyses will still be the standard design method for years to come. The present paper aims to improve the linear seismic design method by providing a proper definition of the q-factor of URM buildings. These q-factors are derived for low-rise URM buildings with rigid diaphragms which represent recent construction practise in low to moderate seismic areas of Italy and Germany. The behaviour factor components for deformation and energy dissipation capacity and for overstrength due to the redistribution of forces are derived by means of pushover analyses. Furthermore, considerations on the behaviour factor component due to other sources of overstrength in masonry buildings are presented. As a result of the investigations, rationally based values of the behaviour factor q to be used in linear analyses in the range of 2.0-3.0 are proposed.}, language = {en} } @article{MistlerButenwegMeskouris2006, author = {Mistler, Michael and Butenweg, Christoph and Meskouris, Konstantin}, title = {Modelling methods of historic masonry buildings under seismic excitation}, series = {Journal of seismology}, volume = {Volume 10}, journal = {Journal of seismology}, number = {No. 4}, issn = {1383-4649 (Print) ; 1573-157X (E-Journal)}, doi = {10.1007/s10950-006-9033-z}, pages = {497 -- 510}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{MistlerButenwegFehlingetal.2007, author = {Mistler, Michael and Butenweg, Christoph and Fehling, Ekkehard and St{\"u}rz, Jochen}, title = {Verformungsbasierte seismische Bemessung von Mauerwerksbauten auf Grundlage zyklischer Schubwandversuche}, series = {Bauingenieur : die richtungsweisende Zeitschrift im Bauingenieurswesen ; offizielle Zeitschrift der VDI-Gesellschaft Bautechnik. Beilage: D-A-CH-Mitteilungsblatt}, volume = {Band 82}, journal = {Bauingenieur : die richtungsweisende Zeitschrift im Bauingenieurswesen ; offizielle Zeitschrift der VDI-Gesellschaft Bautechnik. Beilage: D-A-CH-Mitteilungsblatt}, issn = {1434-6591}, pages = {S3 -- S11}, year = {2007}, language = {de} } @article{MistlerButenweg2005, author = {Mistler, Michael and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Verformungsbasierter seismischer Nachweis von Mauerwerksbauten mit der Kapazit{\"a}tsspektrum-Methode}, series = {Mauerwerk : European journal of masonry}, volume = {Volume 9}, journal = {Mauerwerk : European journal of masonry}, number = {Issue 6}, issn = {1437-1022 (E-Journal); 1432-3427 (Print)}, doi = {10.1002/dama.200590098}, pages = {255 -- 261}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{MistlerAnthoineButenweg2007, author = {Mistler, Michael and Anthoine, A. and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {In-plane and out-of-plane homogenisation of masonry}, series = {Computers \& structures}, volume = {Volume 85}, journal = {Computers \& structures}, number = {Issues 17-18}, issn = {1879-2243 (E-Journal); 0045-7949 (Print)}, doi = {10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.08.087}, pages = {1321 -- 1330}, year = {2007}, language = {en} } @article{MichelButenwegKinkel2018, author = {Michel, Philipp and Butenweg, Christoph and Kinkel, Sven}, title = {Pile-grid foundations of onshore wind turbines considering soil-structure-interaction under seismic loading}, series = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering}, volume = {109}, journal = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0267-7261}, doi = {10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.03.009}, pages = {299 -- 311}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In recent years, many onshore wind turbines are erected in seismic active regions and on soils with poor load bearing capacity, where pile grids are inevitable to transfer the loads into the ground. In this contribution, a realistic multi pile grid is designed to analyze the dynamics of a wind turbine tower including frequency dependent soil-structure-interaction. It turns out that different foundations on varying soil configurations heavily influence the vibration response. While the vibration amplitude is mostly attenuated, certain unfavorable combinations of structure and soil parameters lead to amplification in the range of the system's natural frequencies. This testifies the need for overall dynamic analysis in the assessment of the dynamic stability and the holistic frequency tuning of the turbines.}, language = {en} } @article{MichelButenwegKlinkel2020, author = {Michel, P. and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, S.}, title = {Einfluss der dynamischen Steifigkeit von Flach-und Pfahlgr{\"u}ndungen auf die Dynamik von Onshore-Windenergieanlagen}, series = {Bauingenieur}, volume = {95}, journal = {Bauingenieur}, number = {4}, publisher = {VDI Fachmedien}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {0005-6650}, pages = {139 -- 146}, year = {2020}, language = {de} }