@article{FaganBitzBjoerkmanBurtscheretal.2021, author = {Fagan, Andrew J. and Bitz, Andreas and Bj{\"o}rkman-Burtscher, Isabella M. and Collins, Christopher M. and Kimbrell, Vera and Raaijmakers, Alexander J. E.}, title = {7T MR Safety}, series = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (JMRI)}, volume = {53}, journal = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (JMRI)}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1522-2586}, doi = {10.1002/jmri.27319}, pages = {333 -- 346}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{HacklBuessKammerlohretal.2021, author = {Hackl, Michael and Buess, Eduard and Kammerlohr, Sandra and Nacov, Julia and Staat, Manfred and Leschinger, Tim and M{\"u}ller, Lars P. and Wegmann, Kilian}, title = {A "comma sign"-directed subscapularis repair in anterosuperior rotator cuff tears yields biomechanical advantages in a cadaveric model}, series = {The american journal of sports medicine}, volume = {49}, journal = {The american journal of sports medicine}, number = {12}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {1552-3365}, doi = {10.1177/03635465211031506}, pages = {3212 -- 3217}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Additional stabilization of the "comma sign" in anterosuperior rotator cuff repair has been proposed to provide biomechanical benefits regarding stability of the repair. Purpose: This in vitro investigation aimed to investigate the influence of a comma sign-directed reconstruction technique for anterosuperior rotator cuff tears on the primary stability of the subscapularis tendon repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 18 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used in this study. Anterosuperior rotator cuff tears (complete full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons) were created, and supraspinatus repair was performed with a standard suture bridge technique. The subscapularis was repaired with either a (1) single-row or (2) comma sign technique. A high-resolution 3D camera system was used to analyze 3-mm and 5-mm gap formation at the subscapularis tendon-bone interface upon incremental cyclic loading. Moreover, the ultimate failure load of the repair was recorded. A Mann-Whitney test was used to assess significant differences between the 2 groups. Results: The comma sign repair withstood significantly more loading cycles than the single-row repair until 3-mm and 5-mm gap formation occurred (P≤ .047). The ultimate failure load did not reveal any significant differences when the 2 techniques were compared (P = .596). Conclusion: The results of this study show that additional stabilization of the comma sign enhanced the primary stability of subscapularis tendon repair in anterosuperior rotator cuff tears. Although this stabilization did not seem to influence the ultimate failure load, it effectively decreased the micromotion at the tendon-bone interface during cyclic loading. Clinical Relevance: The proposed technique for stabilization of the comma sign has shown superior biomechanical properties in comparison with a single-row repair and might thus improve tendon healing. Further clinical research will be necessary to determine its influence on the functional outcome.}, language = {en} } @article{EngemannCoenenDawaretal.2021, author = {Engemann, Heiko and C{\"o}nen, Patrick and Dawar, Harshal and Du, Shengzhi and Kallweit, Stephan}, title = {A robot-assisted large-scale inspection of wind turbine blades in manufacturing using an autonomous mobile manipulator}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {19}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app11199271}, pages = {1 -- 22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Wind energy represents the dominant share of renewable energies. The rotor blades of a wind turbine are typically made from composite material, which withstands high forces during rotation. The huge dimensions of the rotor blades complicate the inspection processes in manufacturing. The automation of inspection processes has a great potential to increase the overall productivity and to create a consistent reliable database for each individual rotor blade. The focus of this paper is set on the process of rotor blade inspection automation by utilizing an autonomous mobile manipulator. The main innovations include a novel path planning strategy for zone-based navigation, which enables an intuitive right-hand or left-hand driving behavior in a shared human-robot workspace. In addition, we introduce a new method for surface orthogonal motion planning in connection with large-scale structures. An overall execution strategy controls the navigation and manipulation processes of the long-running inspection task. The implemented concepts are evaluated in simulation and applied in a real-use case including the tip of a rotor blade form.}, language = {en} } @article{HarzheimMuehmelHeuermann2021, author = {Harzheim, Thomas and M{\"u}hmel, Marc and Heuermann, Holger}, title = {A SFCW harmonic radar system for maritime search and rescue using passive and active tags}, series = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies}, volume = {13}, journal = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies}, number = {Special Issue 7}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1017/S1759078721000520}, pages = {691 -- 707}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper introduces a new maritime search and rescue system based on S-band illumination harmonic radar (HR). Passive and active tags have been developed and tested while attached to life jackets and a small boat. In this demonstration test carried out on the Baltic Sea, the system was able to detect and range the active tags up to a distance of 5800 m using an illumination signal transmit-power of 100 W. Special attention is given to the development, performance, and conceptual differences between passive and active tags used in the system. Guidelines for achieving a high HR dynamic range, including a system components description, are given and a comparison with other HR systems is performed. System integration with a commercial maritime X-band navigation radar is shown to demonstrate a solution for rapid search and rescue response and quick localization.}, language = {en} } @article{MonakhovaDiehl2021, author = {Monakhova, Yulia and Diehl, Bernd W. K.}, title = {A step towards optimization of the qNMR workflow: proficiency testing exercise at an GxP-accredited laboratory}, series = {Applied Magnetic Resonance}, volume = {52}, journal = {Applied Magnetic Resonance}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Wien}, issn = {1613-7507}, doi = {10.1007/s00723-021-01324-3}, pages = {581 -- 593}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is considered as a powerful tool for multicomponent mixture analysis as well as for the purity determination of single compounds. Special attention is currently paid to the training of operators and study directors involved in qNMR testing. To assure that only qualified personnel are used for sample preparation at our GxP-accredited laboratory, weighing test was proposed. Sixteen participants performed six-fold weighing of the binary mixture of dibutylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene (TCNB). To evaluate the quality of data analysis, all spectra were evaluated manually by a qNMR expert and using in-house developed automated routine. The results revealed that mean values are comparable and both evaluation approaches are free of systematic error. However, automated evaluation resulted in an approximately 20\% increase in precision. The same findings were revealed for qNMR analysis of 32 compounds used in pharmaceutical industry. Weighing test by six-fold determination in binary mixtures and automated qNMR methodology can be recommended as efficient tools for evaluating staff proficiency. The automated qNMR method significantly increases throughput and precision of qNMR for routine measurements and extends application scope of qNMR.}, language = {en} } @article{GoettenHavermannBraunetal.2021, author = {G{\"o}tten, Falk and Havermann, Marc and Braun, Carsten and Marino, Matthew and Bil, Cees}, title = {Aerodynamic Investigations of UAV Sensor Turrets - A Combined Wind-tunnel and CFD Approach}, series = {SciTech 2021, AIAA SciTech Forum, online, WW, Jan 11-15, 2021}, journal = {SciTech 2021, AIAA SciTech Forum, online, WW, Jan 11-15, 2021}, publisher = {AIAA}, address = {Reston, Va.}, doi = {10.2514/6.2021-1535}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{Maurischat2021, author = {Maurischat, Andreas}, title = {Algebraic independence of the Carlitz period and its hyperderivatives}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianWeldenBuniatyanetal.2021, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Welden, Rene and Buniatyan, Vahe V. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {An Array of On-Chip Integrated, Individually Addressable Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors with Control Gate: Design and Modelling}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {21}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {18}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s21186161}, pages = {17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The on-chip integration of multiple biochemical sensors based on field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) is challenging due to technological difficulties in realization of electrically isolated EISCAPs on the same Si chip. In this work, we present a new simple design for an array of on-chip integrated, individually electrically addressable EISCAPs with an additional control gate (CG-EISCAP). The existence of the CG enables an addressable activation or deactivation of on-chip integrated individual CG-EISCAPs by simple electrical switching the CG of each sensor in various setups, and makes the new design capable for multianalyte detection without cross-talk effects between the sensors in the array. The new designed CG-EISCAP chip was modelled in so-called floating/short-circuited and floating/capacitively-coupled setups, and the corresponding electrical equivalent circuits were developed. In addition, the capacitance-voltage curves of the CG-EISCAP chip in different setups were simulated and compared with that of a single EISCAP sensor. Moreover, the sensitivity of the CG-EISCAP chip to surface potential changes induced by biochemical reactions was simulated and an impact of different parameters, such as gate voltage, insulator thickness and doping concentration in Si, on the sensitivity has been discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{Staat2021, author = {Staat, Manfred}, title = {An extension strain type Mohr-Coulomb criterion}, series = {Rock mechanics and rock engineering}, volume = {54}, journal = {Rock mechanics and rock engineering}, number = {12}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, issn = {1434-453X}, doi = {10.1007/s00603-021-02608-7}, pages = {6207 -- 6233}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Extension fractures are typical for the deformation under low or no confining pressure. They can be explained by a phenomenological extension strain failure criterion. In the past, a simple empirical criterion for fracture initiation in brittle rock has been developed. In this article, it is shown that the simple extension strain criterion makes unrealistic strength predictions in biaxial compression and tension. To overcome this major limitation, a new extension strain criterion is proposed by adding a weighted principal shear component to the simple criterion. The shear weight is chosen, such that the enriched extension strain criterion represents the same failure surface as the Mohr-Coulomb (MC) criterion. Thus, the MC criterion has been derived as an extension strain criterion predicting extension failure modes, which are unexpected in the classical understanding of the failure of cohesive-frictional materials. In progressive damage of rock, the most likely fracture direction is orthogonal to the maximum extension strain leading to dilatancy. The enriched extension strain criterion is proposed as a threshold surface for crack initiation CI and crack damage CD and as a failure surface at peak stress CP. Different from compressive loading, tensile loading requires only a limited number of critical cracks to cause failure. Therefore, for tensile stresses, the failure criteria must be modified somehow, possibly by a cut-off corresponding to the CI stress. Examples show that the enriched extension strain criterion predicts much lower volumes of damaged rock mass compared to the simple extension strain criterion.}, language = {en} } @article{Golland2021, author = {Golland, Alexander}, title = {Anforderungen an Transfer Impact Assessments bei Datentransfers in unsichere Drittl{\"a}nder}, series = {DSB Datenschutz-Berater}, volume = {45}, journal = {DSB Datenschutz-Berater}, number = {7-8}, publisher = {dfv Mediengruppe, Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {0170-7256}, pages = {229 -- 231}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{HennesLaumann2021, author = {Hennes, Philipp and Laumann, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Ansatz der Drehbehinderung aus Koppelpfetten mit d{\"u}nnwandigen kaltgeformten Z-Profilen}, series = {Stahlbau}, volume = {90}, journal = {Stahlbau}, number = {3}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1437-1049}, doi = {10.1002/stab.202000104}, pages = {158 -- 168}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{HunkerGossmannRamanetal.2021, author = {Hunker, Jan L. and Gossmann, Matthias and Raman, Aravind Hariharan and Linder, Peter}, title = {Artificial neural networks in cardiac safety assessment: Classification of chemotherapeutic compound effects on hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte contractility}, series = {Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods}, volume = {111}, journal = {Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods}, number = {Article number 107044}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {1056-8719}, doi = {10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107044}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{GorzalkaSchmiedtSchorn2021, author = {Gorzalka, Philip and Schmiedt, Jacob Estevam and Schorn, Christian}, title = {Automated Generation of an Energy Simulation Model for an Existing Building from UAV Imagery}, series = {Buildings}, volume = {11}, journal = {Buildings}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2075-5309}, doi = {10.3390/buildings11090380}, pages = {15 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {An approach to automatically generate a dynamic energy simulation model in Modelica for a single existing building is presented. It aims at collecting data about the status quo in the preparation of energy retrofits with low effort and costs. The proposed method starts from a polygon model of the outer building envelope obtained from photogrammetrically generated point clouds. The open-source tools TEASER and AixLib are used for data enrichment and model generation. A case study was conducted on a single-family house. The resulting model can accurately reproduce the internal air temperatures during synthetical heating up and cooling down. Modelled and measured whole building heat transfer coefficients (HTC) agree within a 12\% range. A sensitivity analysis emphasises the importance of accurate window characterisations and justifies the use of a very simplified interior geometry. Uncertainties arising from the use of archetype U-values are estimated by comparing different typologies, with best- and worst-case estimates showing differences in pre-retrofit heat demand of about ±20\% to the average; however, as the assumptions made are permitted by some national standards, the method is already close to practical applicability and opens up a path to quickly estimate possible financial and energy savings after refurbishment.}, language = {en} } @article{GriegerSchwabedalWendeletal.2021, author = {Grieger, Niklas and Schwabedal, Justus T. C. and Wendel, Stefanie and Ritze, Yvonne and Bialonski, Stephan}, title = {Automated scoring of pre-REM sleep in mice with deep learning}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {Art. 12245}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-91286-0}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Reliable automation of the labor-intensive manual task of scoring animal sleep can facilitate the analysis of long-term sleep studies. In recent years, deep-learning-based systems, which learn optimal features from the data, increased scoring accuracies for the classical sleep stages of Wake, REM, and Non-REM. Meanwhile, it has been recognized that the statistics of transitional stages such as pre-REM, found between Non-REM and REM, may hold additional insight into the physiology of sleep and are now under vivid investigation. We propose a classification system based on a simple neural network architecture that scores the classical stages as well as pre-REM sleep in mice. When restricted to the classical stages, the optimized network showed state-of-the-art classification performance with an out-of-sample F1 score of 0.95 in male C57BL/6J mice. When unrestricted, the network showed lower F1 scores on pre-REM (0.5) compared to the classical stages. The result is comparable to previous attempts to score transitional stages in other species such as transition sleep in rats or N1 sleep in humans. Nevertheless, we observed that the sequence of predictions including pre-REM typically transitioned from Non-REM to REM reflecting sleep dynamics observed by human scorers. Our findings provide further evidence for the difficulty of scoring transitional sleep stages, likely because such stages of sleep are under-represented in typical data sets or show large inter-scorer variability. We further provide our source code and an online platform to run predictions with our trained network.}, language = {en} } @article{OliveiraMolinnusBegingetal.2021, author = {Oliveira, Danilo A. and Molinnus, Denise and Beging, Stefan and Siqueira Jr, Jos{\´e} R. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Biosensor Based on Self-Assembled Films of Graphene Oxide and Polyaniline Using a Field-Effect Device Platform}, series = {physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science}, volume = {218}, journal = {physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science}, number = {13}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1862-6319}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.202000747}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {A new functionalization method to modify capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) structures with nanofilms is presented. Layers of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and graphene oxide (GO) with the compound polyaniline:poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PANI:PAAMPSA) are deposited onto a p-Si/SiO2 chip using the layer-by-layer technique (LbL). Two different enzymes (urease and penicillinase) are separately immobilized on top of a five-bilayer stack of the PAH:GO/PANI:PAAMPSA-modified EIS chip, forming a biosensor for detection of urea and penicillin, respectively. Electrochemical characterization is performed by constant capacitance (ConCap) measurements, and the film morphology is characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An increase in the average sensitivity of the modified biosensors (EIS-nanofilm-enzyme) of around 15\% is found in relation to sensors, only carrying the enzyme but without the nanofilm (EIS-enzyme). In this sense, the nanofilm acts as a stable bioreceptor onto the EIS chip improving the output signal in terms of sensitivity and stability.}, language = {en} } @article{HeelDiktaBraekers2021, author = {Heel, Mareike van and Dikta, Gerhard and Braekers, Roel}, title = {Bootstrap based goodness‑of‑fit tests for binary multivariate regression models}, series = {Journal of the Korean Statistical Society}, volume = {51}, journal = {Journal of the Korean Statistical Society}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Singapur}, issn = {2005-2863 (Online)}, doi = {10.1007/s42952-021-00142-4}, pages = {28 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We consider a binary multivariate regression model where the conditional expectation of a binary variable given a higher-dimensional input variable belongs to a parametric family. Based on this, we introduce a model-based bootstrap (MBB) for higher-dimensional input variables. This test can be used to check whether a sequence of independent and identically distributed observations belongs to such a parametric family. The approach is based on the empirical residual process introduced by Stute (Ann Statist 25:613-641, 1997). In contrast to Stute and Zhu's approach (2002) Stute \& Zhu (Scandinavian J Statist 29:535-545, 2002), a transformation is not required. Thus, any problems associated with non-parametric regression estimation are avoided. As a result, the MBB method is much easier for users to implement. To illustrate the power of the MBB based tests, a small simulation study is performed. Compared to the approach of Stute \& Zhu (Scandinavian J Statist 29:535-545, 2002), the simulations indicate a slightly improved power of the MBB based method. Finally, both methods are applied to a real data set.}, language = {en} } @article{Golland2021, author = {Golland, Alexander}, title = {Bußgelder wegen Datenschutzverst{\"o}ßen - Vermeidung und Verteidigung. Deutsche Aufsichtsbeh{\"o}rden setzen seit vergangenem Jahr zunehmend auf Sanktion}, series = {NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht}, volume = {36}, journal = {NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht}, publisher = {NWB-Verl.}, address = {Herne}, isbn = {0028-3460}, pages = {2678 -- 2687}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{JablonskiPoghossianSeverinetal.2021, author = {Jablonski, Melanie and Poghossian, Arshak and Severin, Robin and Keusgen, Michael and Wege, Christian and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Capacitive Field-Effect Biosensor Studying Adsorption of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles}, series = {Micromachines}, volume = {12}, journal = {Micromachines}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/mi12010057}, pages = {Artikel 57}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Plant virus-like particles, and in particular, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles, are increasingly being used in nano- and biotechnology as well as for biochemical sensing purposes as nanoscaffolds for the high-density immobilization of receptor molecules. The sensitive parameters of TMV-assisted biosensors depend, among others, on the density of adsorbed TMV particles on the sensor surface, which is affected by both the adsorption conditions and surface properties of the sensor. In this work, Ta₂O₅-gate field-effect capacitive sensors have been applied for the label-free electrical detection of TMV adsorption. The impact of the TMV concentration on both the sensor signal and the density of TMV particles adsorbed onto the Ta₂O₅-gate surface has been studied systematically by means of field-effect and scanning electron microscopy methods. In addition, the surface density of TMV particles loaded under different incubation times has been investigated. Finally, the field-effect sensor also demonstrates the label-free detection of penicillinase immobilization as model bioreceptor on TMV particles.}, language = {en} } @article{JablonskiMuenstermannNorketal.2021, author = {Jablonski, Melanie and M{\"u}nstermann, Felix and Nork, Jasmina and Molinnus, Denise and Muschallik, Lukas and Bongaerts, Johannes and Wagner, Torsten and Keusgen, Michael and Siegert, Petra and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Capacitive field-effect biosensor applied for the detection of acetoin in alcoholic beverages and fermentation broths}, series = {physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science}, volume = {218}, journal = {physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science}, number = {13}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1862-6319}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.202000765}, pages = {7 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {An acetoin biosensor based on a capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) structure modified with the enzyme acetoin reductase, also known as butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase (Bacillus clausii DSM 8716ᵀ), is applied for acetoin detection in beer, red wine, and fermentation broth samples for the first time. The EIS sensor consists of an Al/p-Si/SiO₂/Ta₂O₅ layer structure with immobilized acetoin reductase on top of the Ta₂O₅ transducer layer by means of crosslinking via glutaraldehyde. The unmodified and enzyme-modified sensors are electrochemically characterized by means of leakage current, capacitance-voltage, and constant capacitance methods, respectively.}, language = {en} } @article{SerrorHackHenzeetal.2021, author = {Serror, Martin and Hack, Sacha and Henze, Martin and Schuba, Marko and Wehrle, Klaus}, title = {Challenges and Opportunities in Securing the Industrial Internet of Things}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics}, volume = {17}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics}, number = {5}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {1941-0050}, doi = {10.1109/TII.2020.3023507}, pages = {2985 -- 2996}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{NeumaierWeissVeldemanetal.2021, author = {Neumaier, Felix and Weiss, Miriam and Veldeman, Michael and Kotliar, Konstantin and Wiesmann, Martin and Schulze-Steinen, Henna and H{\"o}llig, Anke and Clusmann, Hans and Schubert, Gerrit Alexander and Albanna, Walid}, title = {Changes in endogenous daytime melatonin levels after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage - preliminary findings from an observational cohort study}, series = {Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery}, volume = {208}, journal = {Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery}, number = {Article No.: 106870}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0303-8467}, doi = {10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106870}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with early and delayed brain injury due to several underlying and interrelated processes, which include inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial, and neuronal apoptosis. Treatment with melatonin, a cytoprotective neurohormone with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, has been shown to attenuate early brain injury (EBI) and to prevent delayed cerebral vasospasm in experimental aSAH models. Less is known about the role of endogenous melatonin for aSAH outcome and how its production is altered by the pathophysiological cascades initiated during EBI. In the present observational study, we analyzed changes in melatonin levels during the first three weeks after aSAH.}, language = {en} } @article{MeyerGranrathFeyerletal.2021, author = {Meyer, Max-Arno and Granrath, Christian and Feyerl, G{\"u}nter and Richenhagen, Johannes and Kaths, Jakob and Andert, Jakob}, title = {Closed-loop platoon simulation with cooperative intelligent transportation systems based on vehicle-to-X communication}, series = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory}, volume = {106}, journal = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory}, number = {Art. 102173}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1569-190X}, doi = {10.1016/j.simpat.2020.102173}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{EngelmannShalabyShashaetal.2021, author = {Engelmann, Ulrich M. and Shalaby, Ahmed and Shasha, Carolyn and Krishnan, Kannan M. and Krause, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Comparative modeling of frequency mixing measurements of magnetic nanoparticles using micromagnetic simulations and Langevin theory}, series = {Nanomaterials}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nanomaterials}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {2079-4991}, doi = {10.3390/nano11051257}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Dual frequency magnetic excitation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) enables enhanced biosensing applications. This was studied from an experimental and theoretical perspective: nonlinear sum-frequency components of MNP exposed to dual-frequency magnetic excitation were measured as a function of static magnetic offset field. The Langevin model in thermodynamic equilibrium was fitted to the experimental data to derive parameters of the lognormal core size distribution. These parameters were subsequently used as inputs for micromagnetic Monte-Carlo (MC)-simulations. From the hysteresis loops obtained from MC-simulations, sum-frequency components were numerically demodulated and compared with both experiment and Langevin model predictions. From the latter, we derived that approximately 90\% of the frequency mixing magnetic response signal is generated by the largest 10\% of MNP. We therefore suggest that small particles do not contribute to the frequency mixing signal, which is supported by MC-simulation results. Both theoretical approaches describe the experimental signal shapes well, but with notable differences between experiment and micromagnetic simulations. These deviations could result from Brownian relaxations which are, albeit experimentally inhibited, included in MC-simulation, or (yet unconsidered) cluster-effects of MNP, or inaccurately derived input for MC-simulations, because the largest particles dominate the experimental signal but concurrently do not fulfill the precondition of thermodynamic equilibrium required by Langevin theory.}, language = {en} } @article{RichterBraunsteinStaeudleetal.2021, author = {Richter, Charlotte and Braunstein, Bjoern and Staeudle, Benjamin and Attias, Julia and Suess, Alexander and Weber, Tobias and Mileva, Katya N. and Rittweger, Joern and Green, David A. and Albracht, Kirsten}, title = {Contractile behavior of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle during running in simulated hypogravity}, series = {npj Microgravity}, volume = {7}, journal = {npj Microgravity}, number = {Article number: 32}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {New York}, issn = {2373-8065}, doi = {10.1038/s41526-021-00155-7}, pages = {7 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Vigorous exercise countermeasures in microgravity can largely attenuate muscular degeneration, albeit the extent of applied loading is key for the extent of muscle wasting. Running on the International Space Station is usually performed with maximum loads of 70\% body weight (0.7 g). However, it has not been investigated how the reduced musculoskeletal loading affects muscle and series elastic element dynamics, and thereby force and power generation. Therefore, this study examined the effects of running on the vertical treadmill facility, a ground-based analog, at simulated 0.7 g on gastrocnemius medialis contractile behavior. The results reveal that fascicle-series elastic element behavior differs between simulated hypogravity and 1 g running. Whilst shorter peak series elastic element lengths at simulated 0.7 g appear to be the result of lower muscular and gravitational forces acting on it, increased fascicle lengths and decreased velocities could not be anticipated, but may inform the development of optimized running training in hypogravity. However, whether the alterations in contractile behavior precipitate musculoskeletal degeneration warrants further study.}, language = {en} } @article{Golland2021, author = {Golland, Alexander}, title = {Cookies \& Co. - trotz neuem Gesetz alte Probleme f{\"u}r Website-Betreiber. Anpassung des deutschen Rechts durch das TTDSG an unionsrechtliche Vorgaben zum 1.12.2021}, series = {NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht}, volume = {2021}, journal = {NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht}, number = {25}, publisher = {NWB-Verlag}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0028-3460}, pages = {1818 -- 1825}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{Golland2021, author = {Golland, Alexander}, title = {Das Telekommunikation-Telemedien-Datenschutzgesetz. Cookies und PIMS als Herausforderungen f{\"u}r Website-Betreiber}, series = {NJW Neue Juristische Wochenschrift}, journal = {NJW Neue Juristische Wochenschrift}, number = {31}, editor = {Ewer, Wolfgang and Hamm, Rainer and Karpenstein, Ulrich and Oberth{\"u}r, Nathalie and Herchen, Hilke and Br{\"a}utigam, Peter}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {0341-1915}, pages = {2238 -- 2243}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{Golland2021, author = {Golland, Alexander}, title = {Datenschutzkonforme Test-, Impf- und Genesungskontrollen in Betrieben der Privatwirtschaft}, series = {DSB Datenschutz-Berater}, volume = {45}, journal = {DSB Datenschutz-Berater}, number = {5}, publisher = {dfv Mediengruppe, Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, issn = {0170-7256}, pages = {158 -- 160}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{JablonskiPoghossianKeusgenetal.2021, author = {Jablonski, Melanie and Poghossian, Arshak and Keusgen, Michael and Wege, Christina and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Detection of plant virus particles with a capacitive field-effect sensor}, series = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry}, volume = {413}, journal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, issn = {1618-2650}, doi = {10.1007/s00216-021-03448-8}, pages = {5669 -- 5678}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Plant viruses are major contributors to crop losses and induce high economic costs worldwide. For reliable, on-site and early detection of plant viral diseases, portable biosensors are of great interest. In this study, a field-effect SiO2-gate electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor was utilized for the label-free electrostatic detection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles as a model plant pathogen. The capacitive EIS sensor has been characterized regarding its TMV sensitivity by means of constant-capacitance method. The EIS sensor was able to detect biotinylated TMV particles from a solution with a TMV concentration as low as 0.025 nM. A good correlation between the registered EIS sensor signal and the density of adsorbed TMV particles assessed from scanning electron microscopy images of the SiO2-gate chip surface was observed. Additionally, the isoelectric point of the biotinylated TMV particles was determined via zeta potential measurements and the influence of ionic strength of the measurement solution on the TMV-modified EIS sensor signal has been studied.}, language = {en} } @article{WertIkenSchoeningetal.2021, author = {Wert, Stefan and Iken, Heiko and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Matysik, Frank-Michael}, title = {Development of a temperature-pulse enhanced electrochemical glucose biosensor and characterization of its stability via scanning electrochemical microscopy}, series = {Electroanalysis}, journal = {Electroanalysis}, number = {Early View}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1521-4109}, doi = {10.1002/elan.202100089}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Glucose oxidase (GOx) is an enzyme frequently used in glucose biosensors. As increased temperatures can enhance the performance of electrochemical sensors, we investigated the impact of temperature pulses on GOx that was drop-coated on flattened Pt microwires. The wires were heated by an alternating current. The sensitivity towards glucose and the temperature stability of GOx was investigated by amperometry. An up to 22-fold increase of sensitivity was observed. Spatially resolved enzyme activity changes were investigated via scanning electrochemical microscopy. The application of short (<100 ms) heat pulses was associated with less thermal inactivation of the immobilized GOx than long-term heating.}, language = {en} } @article{Olbertz2021, author = {Olbertz, Klaus}, title = {Die Dienstreisezeit als Arbeitszeit - oder doch nicht? : Zur arbeitgeberfreundlichen Bewertung von Dienstreisezeiten durch das Bundesarbeitsgericht}, series = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht}, journal = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht}, number = {1}, issn = {0028-3460}, pages = {38 -- 44}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Der arbeitsrechtlich richtige Umgang mit Zeiten einer Dienstreise kann in der betrieblichen Praxis Probleme bereiten. Ob die Reisezeiten als solche Arbeitszeit i. S. des Arbeitszeitgesetzes (ArbZG ) darstellen, also bspw. auf die t{\"a}gliche H{\"o}chstarbeitszeit angerechnet werden m{\"u}ssen oder nicht, ist oftmals genauso unklar wie die Frage, ob und inwieweit Reisezeiten verg{\"u}tungspflichtig sind. Aber auch, ob ein Arbeitnehmer {\"u}berhaupt zur Durchf{\"u}hrung einer Dienstreise verpflichtet werden kann, ist ein m{\"o}glicher Anlass von Streitigkeiten zwischen den Arbeitsvertragsparteien, wie verschiedene Gerichtsentscheidungen zeigen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beantwortet die aufgeworfenen Fragen und gibt hierzu einen praxisorientierten {\"U}berblick.}, language = {de} } @article{Olbertz2021, author = {Olbertz, Klaus}, title = {Die Flexibilisierung von Arbeitszeit durch den Abruf von Arbeit : M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen arbeitsvertraglicher Gestaltung zur Vermeidung von „Leerlaufzeiten"}, series = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht}, journal = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht}, number = {15}, issn = {0028-3460}, pages = {1055 -- 1063}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die Arbeitswelt ist im Umbruch. Der Bedarf an flexiblen Arbeitszeitmodellen nimmt stetig zu, wobei die Corona-Pandemie dieses Bed{\"u}rfnis nochmals versch{\"a}rft hat. Gerade auch in kleineren und mittleren Unternehmen w{\"a}chst die Notwendigkeit, den Einsatz der Besch{\"a}ftigten m{\"o}glichst bedarfsgerecht zu steuern, also bei guter Auftragslage mehr Arbeitszeit abzurufen und bei ausbleibenden Auftr{\"a}gen die Arbeitszeit zu reduzieren und somit bezahlte „Leerlaufzeiten" zu vermeiden. Der Gesetzgeber stellt den Arbeitgebern hierf{\"u}r das Instrument der sog. Abrufarbeit ( \S 12 Teilzeit- und Befristungsgesetz - TzBfG ) zur Verf{\"u}gung. In dem nachfolgenden Beitrag werden M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen der Abrufarbeit skizziert und konkrete arbeitsvertragliche Gestaltungsm{\"o}glichkeiten aufgezeigt.}, language = {de} } @article{TranEbeling2021, author = {Tran, Duc Hung and Ebeling, Felix}, title = {Die risikoad{\"a}quate Bestimmung von Eigenkapitalkosten bei konzerninternen Routinefunktionen}, series = {Der Betrieb}, volume = {74}, journal = {Der Betrieb}, number = {29}, issn = {0005-9935}, pages = {1553 -- 1560}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Eigenkapitalkosten sind eine wesentliche Determinante bei der Wertbestimmung von Unternehmen und Unternehmensteilen. Die Eigenkapitalkosten werden regelm{\"a}ßig mittels des CAPM bestimmt. F{\"u}r sog. konzerninterne Routinefunktionen mit geringem Risiko stellt diese Bestimmung mittels CAPM ein Problem dar, da b{\"o}rsennotierte Peergroups f{\"u}r eine zuverl{\"a}ssige Bestimmung des Beta-Faktors meist nicht identifizierbar sind. Damit ergeben sich bei Bewertungen von Routineunternehmen Unsicherheiten und Konfliktpotenzial in steuerlichen Betriebspr{\"u}fungen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen {\"U}berblick der in der Praxis genutzten Ans{\"a}tze und stellt eine theoretische Fundierung zur Bestimmung der Eigenkapitalkosten von konzerninternen Routinefunktionen vor. Dabei wird verdeutlicht, dass Eigenkapitalkosten von konzerninternen Routinefunktionen nicht denen des Gesamtkonzerns entsprechen und Praktikerans{\"a}tze eine grunds{\"a}tzliche Berechtigung besitzen.}, language = {de} } @article{TranStaat2021, author = {Tran, Ngoc Trinh and Staat, Manfred}, title = {Direct plastic structural design under random strength and random load by chance constrained programming}, series = {European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids}, volume = {85}, journal = {European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids}, number = {Article 104106}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0997-7538}, doi = {10.1016/j.euromechsol.2020.104106}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{KuertenKotliarFuestetal.2021, author = {Kuerten, David and Kotliar, Konstantin and Fuest, Matthias and Walter, Peter and Hollstein, Muriel and Plange, Niklas}, title = {Does hemispheric vascular regulation differ significantly in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field asymmetry? A single-center, prospective study}, series = {International Ophthalmology}, volume = {41}, journal = {International Ophthalmology}, number = {41}, editor = {Neri, Piergiorgio}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {1573-2630}, doi = {10.1007/s10792-021-01876-0}, pages = {3109 -- 3119}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Purpose Vascular risk factors and ocular perfusion are heatedly discussed in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The retinal vessel analyzer (RVA, IMEDOS Systems, Germany) allows noninvasive measurement of retinal vessel regulation. Significant differences especially in the veins between healthy subjects and patients suffering from glaucoma were previously reported. In this pilot-study we investigated if localized vascular regulation is altered in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry. Methods 15 eyes of 12 glaucoma patients with advanced altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry were included. The mean defect was calculated for each hemisphere separately (-20.99 ± 10.49 pro- found hemispheric visual field defect vs -7.36 ± 3.97 dB less profound hemisphere). After pupil dilation, RVA measurements of retinal arteries and veins were conducted using the standard protocol. The superior and inferior retinal vessel reactivity were measured consecutively in each eye. Results Significant differences were recorded in venous vessel constriction after flicker light stimulation and overall amplitude of the reaction (p \ 0.04 and p \ 0.02 respectively) in-between the hemispheres spheres. Vessel reaction was higher in the hemisphere corresponding to the more advanced visual field defect. Arterial diameters reacted similarly, failing to reach statistical significance. Conclusion Localized retinal vessel regulation is significantly altered in glaucoma patients with asymmetri altitudinal visual field defects. Veins supplying the hemisphere concordant to a less profound visual field defect show diminished diameter changes. Vascular dysregulation might be particularly important in early glaucoma stages prior to a significant visual field defect.}, language = {en} } @article{BallVoegeleGrajewskietal.2021, author = {Ball, Christopher Stephen and V{\"o}gele, Stefan and Grajewski, Matthias and Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm}, title = {E-mobility from a multi-actor point of view: Uncertainties and their impacts}, series = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, volume = {170}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, number = {Art. 120925}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {0040-1625}, doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120925}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{Fissabre2021, author = {Fissabre, Anke}, title = {Ein pazifistisches Kriegerdenkmal der Moderne. Das Totenkreuz von Rudolf Schwarz}, series = {In situ: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte}, journal = {In situ: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft}, address = {Worms}, issn = {1866-959X}, pages = {127 -- 138}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{AlexyukBogoyavlenskiyAlexyuketal.2021, author = {Alexyuk, Madina and Bogoyavlenskiy, Andrey and Alexyuk, Pavel and Moldakhanov, Yergali and Berezin, Vladimir and Digel, Ilya}, title = {Epipelagic microbiome of the Small Aral Sea: Metagenomic structure and ecological diversity}, series = {MicrobiologyOpen}, volume = {10}, journal = {MicrobiologyOpen}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2045-8827}, doi = {10.1002/mbo3.1142}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Microbial diversity studies regarding the aquatic communities that experienced or are experiencing environmental problems are essential for the comprehension of the remediation dynamics. In this pilot study, we present data on the phylogenetic and ecological structure of microorganisms from epipelagic water samples collected in the Small Aral Sea (SAS). The raw data were generated by massive parallel sequencing using the shotgun approach. As expected, most of the identified DNA sequences belonged to Terrabacteria and Actinobacteria (40\% and 37\% of the total reads, respectively). The occurrence of Deinococcus-Thermus, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi in the epipelagic SAS waters was less anticipated. Surprising was also the detection of sequences, which are characteristic for strict anaerobes—Ignavibacteria, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, and archaeal methanogenic species. We suppose that the observed very broad range of phylogenetic and ecological features displayed by the SAS reads demonstrates a more intensive mixing of water masses originating from diverse ecological niches of the Aral-Syr Darya River basin than presumed before.}, language = {en} } @article{ElDeibButenwegKlinkel2021, author = {El-Deib, Khaled and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven}, title = {Erdbebennachweis von Mauerwerksbauten mit realistischen Modellen und erh{\"o}hten Verhaltensbeiwerten}, series = {Mauerwerk}, volume = {2021}, journal = {Mauerwerk}, number = {3}, editor = {Jesse, Dirk}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1437-1022}, doi = {10.1002/dama.202110014}, pages = {110 -- 119}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die Anwendung des linearen Nachweiskonzepts auf Mauerwerksbauten f{\"u}hrt dazu, dass bereits heute Standsicherheitsnachweise f{\"u}r Geb{\"a}ude mit {\"u}blichen Grundrissen in Gebieten mit moderaten Erdbebeneinwirkungen nicht mehr gef{\"u}hrt werden k{\"o}nnen. Diese Problematik wird sich in Deutschland mit der Einf{\"u}hrung kontinuierlicher probabilistischer Erdbebenkarten weiter versch{\"a}rfen. Aufgrund der Erh{\"o}hung der seismischen Einwirkungen, die sich vielerorts ergibt, ist es erforderlich, die vorhandenen, bislang nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigten Tragf{\"a}higkeitsreserven in nachvollziehbaren Nachweiskonzepten in der Baupraxis verf{\"u}gbar zu machen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein Konzept f{\"u}r die geb{\"a}udespezifische Ermittlung von erh{\"o}hten Verhaltensbeiwerten vor. Die Verhaltensbeiwerte setzen sich aus drei Anteilen zusammen, mit denen die Lastumverteilung im Grundriss, die Verformungsf{\"a}higkeit und Energiedissipation sowie die {\"U}berfestigkeiten ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. F{\"u}r die rechnerische Ermittlung dieser drei Anteile wird ein nichtlineares Nachweiskonzept auf Grundlage von Pushover-Analysen vorgeschlagen, in denen die Interaktionen von W{\"a}nden und Geschossdecken durch einen Einspanngrad beschrieben werden. F{\"u}r die Bestimmung der Einspanngrade wird ein nichtlinearer Modellierungsansatz eingef{\"u}hrt, mit dem die Interaktion von W{\"a}nden und Decken abgebildet werden kann. Die Anwendung des Konzepts mit erh{\"o}hten geb{\"a}udespezifischen Verhaltensbeiwerten wird am Beispiel eines Mehrfamilienhauses aus Kalksandsteinen demonstriert. Die Ergebnisse der linearen Nachweise mit erh{\"o}hten Verhaltensbeiwerten f{\"u}r dieses Geb{\"a}ude liegen deutlich n{\"a}her an den Ergebnissen nichtlinearer Nachweise und somit bleiben {\"u}bliche Grundrisse in Erdbebengebieten mit den traditionellen linearen Rechenans{\"a}tzen nachweisbar.}, language = {de} } @article{ButenwegKubalskiElDeibetal.2021, author = {Butenweg, Christoph and Kubalski, Thomas and El-Deib, Khaled and Gellert, Christoph}, title = {Erdbebennachweis von Mauerwerksbauten nach DIN EN 1998-1/NA-2021}, series = {Bautechnik : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r den gesamten Ingenieurbau}, volume = {98}, journal = {Bautechnik : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r den gesamten Ingenieurbau}, number = {11}, editor = {Jesse, Dirk}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1437-0999}, doi = {10.1002/bate.202100064}, pages = {852 -- 863}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Mauerwerksbauten in Deutschland sind mit Einf{\"u}hrung des nationalen Anwendungsdokuments DIN EN 1998-1/NA auf Grundlage einer neuen probabilistischen Erdbebenkarte nachzuweisen. F{\"u}r erfolgreiche Erdbebennachweise {\"u}blicher Grundrissformen von Mauerwerksbauten stehen in dem zuk{\"u}nftigen Anwendungsdokument neue rechnerische Nachweism{\"o}glichkeiten zur Verf{\"u}gung, mit denen die Tragf{\"a}higkeitsreserven von Mauerwerksbauten in der Baupraxis mit einem {\"u}berschaubaren Aufwand besser in Ansatz gebracht werden k{\"o}nnen. Das Standardrechenverfahren ist weiterhin der kraftbasierte Nachweis, der nun mit h{\"o}heren Verhaltensbeiwerten im Vergleich zur DIN 4149 durchgef{\"u}hrt werden kann. Die h{\"o}heren Verhaltensbeiwerte basieren auf der besseren Ausnutzung der geb{\"a}udespezifischen Verformungsf{\"a}higkeit und Energiedissipation sowie der Lastumverteilung der Schubkr{\"a}fte im Grundriss mit Ansatz von Rahmentragwirkung durch Wand-Deckeninteraktionen. Alternativ dazu kann ein nichtlinearer Nachweis auf Grundlage von Pushover-Analysen zur Anwendung kommen. Vervollst{\"a}ndigt werden die Regelungen f{\"u}r Mauerwerksbauten durch neue Regelungen f{\"u}r nichttragende Innenw{\"a}nde und Außenmauerschalen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Grundlagen und Hintergr{\"u}nde der neuen rechnerischen Nachweise in DIN EN 1998-1/NA vor und demonstriert deren Anwendung an einem Beispiel aus der Praxis.}, language = {de} } @article{HeuermannHarzheimCronenbroeck2021, author = {Heuermann, Holger and Harzheim, Thomas and Cronenbroeck, Tobias}, title = {First SIMO harmonic radar based on the SFCW concept and the HR transfer function}, series = {Remote sensing}, volume = {13}, journal = {Remote sensing}, number = {24}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs13245088}, pages = {23 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper presents a new SIMO radar system based on a harmonic radar (HR) stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) architecture. Simple tags that can be electronically individually activated and deactivated via a DC control voltage were developed and combined to form an MO array field. This HR operates in the entire 2.45 GHz ISM band for transmitting the illumination signal and receives at twice the stimulus frequency and bandwidth centered around 4.9 GHz. This paper presents the development, the basic theory of a HR system for the characterization of objects placed into the propagation path in-between the radar and the reflectors (similar to a free-space measurement with a network analyzer) as well as first measurements performed by the system. Further detailed measurement series will be made available later on to other researchers to develop AI and machine learning based signal processing routines or synthetic aperture radar algorithms for imaging, object recognition, and feature extraction. For this purpose, the necessary information is published in this paper. It is explained in detail why this SIMO-HR can be an attractive solution augmenting or replacing existing systems for radar measurements in production technology for material under test measurements and as a simplified MIMO system. The novel HR transfer function, which is a basis for researchers and developers for material characterization or imaging algorithms, is introduced and metrologically verified in a well traceable coaxial setup.}, language = {en} } @article{GoettenFingerHavermannetal.2021, author = {G{\"o}tten, Falk and Finger, Felix and Havermann, Marc and Braun, Carsten and Marino, M. and Bil, C.}, title = {Full configuration drag estimation of short-to-medium range fixed-wing UAVs and its impact on initial sizing optimization}, series = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal}, volume = {12}, journal = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1869-5590 (Online)}, doi = {10.1007/s13272-021-00522-w}, pages = {589 -- 603}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The paper presents the derivation of a new equivalent skin friction coefficient for estimating the parasitic drag of short-to-medium range fixed-wing unmanned aircraft. The new coefficient is derived from an aerodynamic analysis of ten different unmanned aircraft used for surveillance, reconnaissance, and search and rescue missions. The aircraft is simulated using a validated unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes approach. The UAV's parasitic drag is significantly influenced by the presence of miscellaneous components like fixed landing gears or electro-optical sensor turrets. These components are responsible for almost half of an unmanned aircraft's total parasitic drag. The new equivalent skin friction coefficient accounts for these effects and is significantly higher compared to other aircraft categories. It is used to initially size an unmanned aircraft for a typical reconnaissance mission. The improved parasitic drag estimation yields a much heavier unmanned aircraft when compared to the sizing results using available drag data of manned aircraft.}, language = {en} } @article{ZabirovSchleserBucherer2021, author = {Zabirov, Alexander and Schleser, Markus and Bucherer, Sebastian}, title = {F{\"u}ge- und Dichtkonzept f{\"u}r einen Leichtbauverbrennungsmotor}, series = {adh{\"a}sion KLEBEN \& DICHTEN}, volume = {65}, journal = {adh{\"a}sion KLEBEN \& DICHTEN}, number = {11}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, issn = {2192-8681}, doi = {10.1007/s35145-021-0531-5}, pages = {12 -- 19}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{RichterBraunsteinStaeudleetal.2021, author = {Richter, Charlotte and Braunstein, Bj{\"o}rn and St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Attias, Julia and S{\"u}ss, Alexander and Weber, Tobias and Mileva, Katya N. and Rittweger, J{\"o}rn and Green, David A. and Albracht, Kirsten}, title = {Gastrocnemius medialis contractile behavior during running differs between simulated Lunar and Martian gravities}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {Article number: 22555}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-00527-9}, pages = {13 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The international partnership of space agencies has agreed to proceed forward to the Moon sustainably. Activities on the Lunar surface (0.16 g) will allow crewmembers to advance the exploration skills needed when expanding human presence to Mars (0.38 g). Whilst data from actual hypogravity activities are limited to the Apollo missions, simulation studies have indicated that ground reaction forces, mechanical work, muscle activation, and joint angles decrease with declining gravity level. However, these alterations in locomotion biomechanics do not necessarily scale to the gravity level, the reduction in gastrocnemius medialis activation even appears to level off around 0.2 g, while muscle activation pattern remains similar. Thus, it is difficult to predict whether gastrocnemius medialis contractile behavior during running on Moon will basically be the same as on Mars. Therefore, this study investigated lower limb joint kinematics and gastrocnemius medialis behavior during running at 1 g, simulated Martian gravity, and simulated Lunar gravity on the vertical treadmill facility. The results indicate that hypogravity-induced alterations in joint kinematics and contractile behavior still persist between simulated running on the Moon and Mars. This contrasts with the concept of a ceiling effect and should be carefully considered when evaluating exercise prescriptions and the transferability of locomotion practiced in Lunar gravity to Martian gravity.}, language = {en} } @article{RichterBraunsteinStaeudleetal.2021, author = {Richter, Charlotte and Braunstein, Bjoern and St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Attias, Julia and Suess, Alexander and Weber, Tobias and Mileva, Katja N. and Rittweger, Joern and Green, David A. and Albracht, Kirsten}, title = {Gastrocnemius medialis contractile behavior is preserved during 30\% body weight supported gait training}, series = {Frontiers in Sports and Active Living}, volume = {2021}, journal = {Frontiers in Sports and Active Living}, number = {2}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2624-9367}, doi = {10.3389/fspor.2020.614559}, pages = {Artikel 614559}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Rehabilitative body weight supported gait training aims at restoring walking function as a key element in activities of daily living. Studies demonstrated reductions in muscle and joint forces, while kinematic gait patterns appear to be preserved with up to 30\% weight support. However, the influence of body weight support on muscle architecture, with respect to fascicle and series elastic element behavior is unknown, despite this having potential clinical implications for gait retraining. Eight males (31.9 ± 4.7 years) walked at 75\% of the speed at which they typically transition to running, with 0\% and 30\% body weight support on a lower-body positive pressure treadmill. Gastrocnemius medialis fascicle lengths and pennation angles were measured via ultrasonography. Additionally, joint kinematics were analyzed to determine gastrocnemius medialis muscle-tendon unit lengths, consisting of the muscle's contractile and series elastic elements. Series elastic element length was assessed using a muscle-tendon unit model. Depending on whether data were normally distributed, a paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to determine if body weight supported walking had any effects on joint kinematics and fascicle-series elastic element behavior. Walking with 30\% body weight support had no statistically significant effect on joint kinematics and peak series elastic element length. Furthermore, at the time when peak series elastic element length was achieved, and on average across the entire stance phase, muscle-tendon unit length, fascicle length, pennation angle, and fascicle velocity were unchanged with respect to body weight support. In accordance with unchanged gait kinematics, preservation of fascicle-series elastic element behavior was observed during walking with 30\% body weight support, which suggests transferability of gait patterns to subsequent unsupported walking.}, language = {en} } @article{KarschuckKaulenPoghossianetal.2021, author = {Karschuck, Tobias and Kaulen, Corinna and Poghossian, Arshak and Wagner, Patrick H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Gold nanoparticle-modified capacitive field-effect sensors: Studying the surface density of nanoparticles and coupling of charged polyelectrolyte macromolecules}, series = {Electrochemical Science Advances}, volume = {2}, journal = {Electrochemical Science Advances}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0938-5193}, doi = {10.1002/elsa.202100179}, pages = {10 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The coupling of ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles with field-effect devices offers new possibilities for label-free biosensing. In this work, we study the immobilization of aminooctanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuAOTs) on the silicon dioxide surface of a capacitive field-effect sensor. The terminal amino group of the AuAOT is well suited for the functionalization with biomolecules. The attachment of the positively-charged AuAOTs on a capacitive field-effect sensor was detected by direct electrical readout using capacitance-voltage and constant capacitance measurements. With a higher particle density on the sensor surface, the measured signal change was correspondingly more pronounced. The results demonstrate the ability of capacitive field-effect sensors for the non-destructive quantitative validation of nanoparticle immobilization. In addition, the electrostatic binding of the polyanion polystyrene sulfonate to the AuAOT-modified sensor surface was studied as a model system for the label-free detection of charged macromolecules. Most likely, this approach can be transferred to the label-free detection of other charged molecules such as enzymes or antibodies.}, language = {en} } @article{BohndickBosseJaenschetal.2021, author = {Bohndick, Carla and Bosse, Elke and J{\"a}nsch, Vanessa K. and Barnat, Miriam}, title = {How different diversity factors affect the perception of first-year requirements in higher education}, series = {Frontline Learning Research}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontline Learning Research}, number = {2}, publisher = {EARLI}, issn = {2295-3159}, doi = {10.14786/flr.v9i2.667}, pages = {78 -- 95}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In the light of growing university entry rates, higher education institutions not only serve larger numbers of students, but also seek to meet first-year students' ever more diverse needs. Yet to inform universities how to support the transition to higher education, research only offers limited insights. Current studies tend to either focus on the individual factors that affect student success or they highlight students' social background and their educational biography in order to examine the achievement of selected, non-traditional groups of students. Both lines of research appear to lack integration and often fail to take organisational diversity into account, such as different types of higher education institutions or degree programmes. For a more comprehensive understanding of student diversity, the present study includes individual, social and organisational factors. To gain insights into their role for the transition to higher education, we examine how the different factors affect the students' perception of the formal and informal requirements of the first year as more or less difficult to cope with. As the perceived requirements result from both the characteristics of the students and the institutional context, they allow to investigate transition at the interface of the micro and the meso level of higher education. Latent profile analyses revealed that there are no profiles with complex patterns of perception of the first-year requirements, but the identified groups rather differ in the overall level of perceived challenges. Moreover, SEM indicates that the differences in the perception largely depend on the individual factors self-efficacy and volition.}, language = {en} } @article{GrundlachBaumannEngelmann2021, author = {Grundlach, Michael and Baumann, Martin and Engelmann, Ulrich M.}, title = {How Multimodal Examinations Can Increase Sustainable Student Gain by Aligning Teaching and Assessment}, series = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering}, volume = {7}, journal = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering}, number = {7/2}, editor = {D{\"o}ssel, Olaf}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {2364-5504}, doi = {10.1515/cdbme-2021-2019}, pages = {73 -- 76}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Modern industry and multi-discipline projects require highly trained individuals with resilient science and engineering back-grounds. Graduates must be able to agilely apply excellent theoretical knowledge in their subject matter as well as essential practical "hands-on" knowledge of diverse working processes to solve complex problems. To meet these demands, university education follows the concept of Constructive Alignment and thus increasingly adopts the teaching of necessary practical skills to the actual industry requirements and assessment routines. However, a systematic approach to coherently align these three central teaching demands is strangely absent from current university curricula. We demonstrate the feasibility of implementing practical assessments in a regular theory-based examination, thus defining the term "blended assessment". We assessed a course for natural science and engineering students pursuing a career in biomedical engineering, and evaluated the benefit of blended assessment exams for students and lecturers. Our controlled study assessed the physiological background of electrocardiograms (ECGs), the practical measurement of ECG curves, and their interpretation of basic pathologic alterations. To study on long time effects, students have been assessed on the topic twice with a time lag of 6 months. Our findings suggest a significant improvement in student gain with respect to practical skills and theoretical knowledge. The results of the reassessments support these outcomes. From the lecturers' point of view, blended assessment complements practical training courses while keeping organizational effort manageable. We consider blended assessment a viable tool for providing an improved student gain, industry-ready education format that should be evaluated and established further to prepare university graduates optimally for their future careers.}, language = {en} } @article{ErpicumCrookstonBombardellietal.2021, author = {Erpicum, Sebastien and Crookston, Brian M. and Bombardelli, Fabian and Bung, Daniel B. and Felder, Stefan and Mulligan, Sean and Oertel, Mario and Palermo, Michele}, title = {Hydraulic structures engineering: An evolving science in a changing world}, series = {Wires Water}, volume = {8}, journal = {Wires Water}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2049-1948}, doi = {10.1002/wat2.1505}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{DickhoffHorikawaFunke2021, author = {Dickhoff, Jens and Horikawa, Atsushi and Funke, Harald}, title = {Hydrogen Combustion - new DLE Combustor Addresses NOx Emissions and Flashback}, series = {Turbomachinery international : the global journal of energy equipment}, volume = {62}, journal = {Turbomachinery international : the global journal of energy equipment}, number = {4}, publisher = {MJH Life Sciences}, address = {Cranbury}, issn = {2767-2328}, pages = {26 -- 27}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{LowisFergusonPaulssenetal.2021, author = {Lowis, Carsten and Ferguson, Simon and Paulßen, Elisabeth and Hoehr, Cornelia}, title = {Improved Sc-44 production in a siphon-style liquid target on a medical cyclotron}, series = {Applied Radiation and Isotopes}, volume = {172}, journal = {Applied Radiation and Isotopes}, number = {Art. 109675}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0969-8043}, doi = {10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109675}, year = {2021}, language = {en} }