@article{FrauenrathHezelRenzetal.2010,
  author    = {Frauenrath, Tobias and Hezel, Fabian and Renz, Wolfgang and de Geyer d'Orth, Thibaut and Dieringer, Matthias and von Knobelsdorf-Brenkenhoff, Florian and Prothmann, Marcel and Schulz-Menger, Jeanette and Niendorf, Thoralf},
  title     = {Acoustic cardiac triggering: a practical solution for synchronization and gating of cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 7 Tesla},
  series = {Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1532-429X},
  doi       = {10.1186/1532-429X-12-67},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Background To demonstrate the applicability of acoustic cardiac triggering (ACT) for imaging of the heart at ultrahigh magnetic fields (7.0 T) by comparing phonocardiogram, conventional vector electrocardiogram (ECG) and traditional pulse oximetry (POX) triggered 2D CINE acquisitions together with (i) a qualitative image quality analysis, (ii) an assessment of the left ventricular function parameter and (iii) an examination of trigger reliability and trigger detection variance derived from the signal waveforms. Results ECG was susceptible to severe distortions at 7.0 T. POX and ACT provided waveforms free of interferences from electromagnetic fields or from magneto-hydrodynamic effects. Frequent R-wave mis-registration occurred in ECG-triggered acquisitions with a failure rate of up to 30\% resulting in cardiac motion induced artifacts. ACT and POX triggering produced images free of cardiac motion artefacts. ECG showed a severe jitter in the R-wave detection. POX also showed a trigger jitter of approximately Δt = 72 ms which is equivalent to two cardiac phases. ACT showed a jitter of approximately Δt = 5 ms only. ECG waveforms revealed a standard deviation for the cardiac trigger offset larger than that observed for ACT or POX waveforms. Image quality assessment showed that ACT substantially improved image quality as compared to ECG (image quality score at end-diastole: ECG = 1.7 ± 0.5, ACT = 2.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.04) while the comparison between ECG vs. POX gated acquisitions showed no significant differences in image quality (image quality score: ECG = 1.7 ± 0.5, POX = 2.0 ± 0.5, p = 0.34). Conclusions The applicability of acoustic triggering for cardiac CINE imaging at 7.0 T was demonstrated. ACT's trigger reliability and fidelity are superior to that of ECG and POX. ACT promises to be beneficial for cardiovascular magnetic resonance at ultra-high field strengths including 7.0 T.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrauenrathHezelHeinrichsetal.2009,
  author    = {Frauenrath, Tobias and Hezel, Fabian and Heinrichs, Uwe and Kozerke, Sebastian and Utting, Jane and Kob, Malte and Butenweg, Christoph and Boesiger, Peter and Niendorf, Thoralf},
  title     = {Feasibility of Cardiac Gating Free of Interference With Electro-Magnetic Fields at 1.5 Tesla, 3.0 Tesla and 7.0 Tesla Using an MR-Stethoscope},
  series = {Investigative Radiology},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Investigative Radiology},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins ; (via Ovid)},
  address   = {Philadelphia, Pa},
  issn      = {1536-0210 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181b4c15e},
  pages     = {539 -- 547},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrauenrathFuchsDieringeretal.2012,
  author    = {Frauenrath, Tobias and Fuchs, Katharina and Dieringer, Matthias A. and {\"O}zerdem, Celal and Patel, Nishan and Renz, Wolfgang and Greiser, Andreas and Elgeti, Thomas and Niendorf, Thoralf},
  title     = {Detailing the use of magnetohydrodynamic effects for synchronization of MRI with the cardiac cycle: A feasibility study},
  series = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Liss},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1522-2586},
  doi       = {10.1002/jmri.23634},
  pages     = {364 -- 372},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects for synchronization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the cardiac cycle. Materials and Methods: The MHD effect was scrutinized using a pulsatile flow phantom at B0 = 7.0 T. MHD effects were examined in vivo in healthy volunteers (n = 10) for B0 ranging from 0.05-7.0 T. Noncontrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) of the carotids was performed using a gated steady-state free-precession (SSFP) imaging technique in conjunction with electrocardiogram (ECG) and MHD synchronization. Results: The MHD potential correlates with flow velocities derived from phase contrast MRI. MHD voltages depend on the orientation between B0 and the flow of a conductive fluid. An increase in the interelectrode spacing along the flow increases the MHD potential. In vivo measurement of the MHD effect provides peak voltages of 1.5 mV for surface areas close to the common carotid artery at B0 = 7.0 T. Synchronization of MRI with the cardiac cycle using MHD triggering is feasible. MHD triggered MRA of the carotids at 3.0 T showed an overall image quality and richness of anatomic detail, which is comparable to ECG-triggered MRAs. Conclusion: This feasibility study demonstrates the use of MHD effects for synchronization of MR acquisitions with the cardiac cycle. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:364-372. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FranzenPindersPfaffetal.2018,
  author    = {Franzen, Julius and Pinders, Erik and Pfaff, Raphael and Enning, Manfred},
  title     = {RailCrowd's virtual fleets: Make most of your asset data},
  series = {Deine Bahn},
  journal   = {Deine Bahn},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Bahn-Fachverlag},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {0948-7263},
  pages     = {11 -- 13},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {For smaller railway operators or those with a diverse fleet, it can be difficult to collect sufficient data to improve maintenance programs. At the same time, new rules such as entity in charge of maintenance - ECM - regulations impose an additional workload by requiring a dedicated maintenance management system and specific reports. The RailCrowd platform sets out to facilitate compliance with ECM and similar regulations while at the same time pooling anonymised fleet data across operators to form virtual fleets, providing greater data insights.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrankoDuKallweitetal.2020,
  author    = {Franko, Josef and Du, Shengzhi and Kallweit, Stephan and Duelberg, Enno Sebastian and Engemann, Heiko},
  title     = {Design of a Multi-Robot System for Wind Turbine Maintenance},
  series = {Energies},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Energies},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1996-1073},
  doi       = {10.3390/en13102552},
  pages     = {Article 2552},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The maintenance of wind turbines is of growing importance considering the transition to renewable energy. This paper presents a multi-robot-approach for automated wind turbine maintenance including a novel climbing robot. Currently, wind turbine maintenance remains a manual task, which is monotonous, dangerous, and also physically demanding due to the large scale of wind turbines. Technical climbers are required to work at significant heights, even in bad weather conditions. Furthermore, a skilled labor force with sufficient knowledge in repairing fiber composite material is rare. Autonomous mobile systems enable the digitization of the maintenance process. They can be designed for weather-independent operations. This work contributes to the development and experimental validation of a maintenance system consisting of multiple robotic platforms for a variety of tasks, such as wind turbine tower and rotor blade service. In this work, multicopters with vision and LiDAR sensors for global inspection are used to guide slower climbing robots. Light-weight magnetic climbers with surface contact were used to analyze structure parts with non-destructive inspection methods and to locally repair smaller defects. Localization was enabled by adapting odometry for conical-shaped surfaces considering additional navigation sensors. Magnets were suitable for steel towers to clamp onto the surface. A friction-based climbing ring robot (SMART— Scanning, Monitoring, Analyzing, Repair and Transportation) completed the set-up for higher payload. The maintenance period could be extended by using weather-proofed maintenance robots. The multi-robot-system was running the Robot Operating System (ROS). Additionally, first steps towards machine learning would enable maintenance staff to use pattern classification for fault diagnosis in order to operate safely from the ground in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrankeBosisNapoli2001,
  author    = {Franke, Thomas and Bosis, R. and Napoli, M.-D.},
  title     = {{\"U}ber das Internet steuerbarer Gebl{\"a}sepr{\"u}fstand mit einstellbaren Eintrittsleitschaufeln},
  series = {Virtuelle Instrumente in der Praxis : Begleitband zum Kongreß VIP 2001 / Rahman Jamal ; Hans Jaschinski},
  journal   = {Virtuelle Instrumente in der Praxis : Begleitband zum Kongreß VIP 2001 / Rahman Jamal ; Hans Jaschinski},
  publisher = {H{\"u}thig Verlag},
  address   = {Heidelberg [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {3-7785-2829-7},
  pages     = {219 -- 225},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FrankeStreckertBitzetal.2005,
  author    = {Franke, Helmut and Streckert, Joachim and Bitz, Andreas and Goeke, Johannes and Hansen, Volkert and Ringelstein, E. Bernd and Nattk{\"a}mper, Heiner and Galle, Hans-Joachim and St{\"o}gbauer, Florian},
  title     = {Effects of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) electromagnetic fields on the blood-brain barrier in vitro},
  series = {Radiation Research},
  volume    = {164},
  journal   = {Radiation Research},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1938-5404},
  doi       = {10.1667/RR3424.1},
  pages     = {258 -- 269},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrankBuchwaldPennekampetal.2009,
  author    = {Frank, T. and Buchwald, D. and Pennekamp, W. and Reber, D. and Sponagel, Stefan and Laszkovics, A. and Weber, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {R{\"o}ntgenologische Untersuchung der Str{\"o}mungseigenschaften funktioneller Komponenten der Herz-Lungen-Maschine},
  series = {Kardiotechnik. 18 (2009), H. 2},
  journal   = {Kardiotechnik. 18 (2009), H. 2},
  isbn      = {0941-2670},
  pages     = {31 -- 35},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ForstKaragiannisLuebbenetal.2008,
  author    = {Forst, Thomas and Karagiannis, E. and L{\"u}bben, G. and Hohberg, C. and Sch{\"o}ndorf, T. and Dikta, Gerhard and Drexler, M. and Morcos, M. and D{\"a}nschel, W. and Borchert, M. and Pf{\"u}tzner, A.},
  title     = {Pleiotrophic and anti-inflammatory effects of pioglitazone precede the metabolic activity in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease},
  series = {Atherosclerosis. 197 (2008), H. 1},
  journal   = {Atherosclerosis. 197 (2008), H. 1},
  issn      = {0021-9150},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.05.006},
  pages     = {311 -- 317},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FornaciariGuidettiHavermannetal.2010,
  author    = {Fornaciari, Andrea and Guidetti, Marco and Havermann, Marc and Lettini, Antonio},
  title     = {Maccine mobili pi{\`u} efficienti},
  series = {Fluidotecnica},
  journal   = {Fluidotecnica},
  number    = {345},
  publisher = {Quine Business Publisher},
  address   = {Milano},
  pages     = {11 -- 14},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Secondo le attuali normative tutte le macchine mobili, entro il 2012, dovranno essere soggette a un incremento di efficienza energetica. Un'evoluzione del sistema idraulico potr{\`a} contribuire in maniera significativa al miglioramento richiesto. Elettronica e idraulica sempre pi{\`u} protagoniste.},
  language  = {it}
}
@article{FontivonArxGarciaGonzalezetal.2010,
  author    = {Fonti, Patrick and von Arx, Georg and Garc{\´i}a-Gonz{\´a}lez, Ignacio and Eilmann, Britta and Sass-Klaassen, Ute G. W. and G{\"a}rtner, Holger and Eckstein, Dieter},
  title     = {Studying global change through investigation of the plastic responses of xylem anatomy in tree rings},
  series = {New Phytologist},
  volume    = {185},
  journal   = {New Phytologist},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1469-8137 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03030.x},
  pages     = {42 -- 53},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Variability in xylem anatomy is of interest to plant scientists because of the role water transport plays in plant performance and survival. Insights into plant adjustments to changing environmental conditions have mainly been obtained through structural and functional comparative studies between taxa or within taxa on contrasting sites or along environmental gradients. Yet, a gap exists regarding the study of hydraulic adjustments in response to environmental changes over the lifetimes of plants. In trees, dated tree-ring series are often exploited to reconstruct dynamics in ecological conditions, and recent work in which wood-anatomical variables have been used in dendrochronology has produced promising results. Environmental signals identified in water-conducting cells carry novel information reflecting changes in regional conditions and are mostly related to short, sub-annual intervals. Although the idea of investigating environmental signals through wood anatomical time series goes back to the 1960s, it is only recently that low-cost computerized image-analysis systems have enabled increased scientific output in this field. We believe that the study of tree-ring anatomy is emerging as a promising approach in tree biology and climate change research, particularly if complemented by physiological and ecological studies. This contribution presents the rationale, the potential, and the methodological challenges of this innovative approach.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FontiEilmannGarciaGonzalezetal.2009,
  author    = {Fonti, Patrick and Eilmann, Britta and Garc{\´i}a-Gonz{\´a}lez, Ignacio and von Arx, Georg},
  title     = {Expeditious building of ring-porous earlywood vessel chronologies without loosing signal information},
  series = {Trees : structure and function},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Trees : structure and function},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {0931-1890 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00468-008-0310-z},
  pages     = {665 -- 671},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FoltzSchneiderWolfetal.2008,
  author    = {Foltz, Christian and Schneider, Nicole and Wolf, Martin R. and Kausch, Bernhard and Schlick, Christopher and Luczak, Holger},
  title     = {Usability engineering},
  series = {Collaborative and distributed chemical engineering : from understanding to substantial design process support; results of the IMPROVE Project. - (Lecture notes in computer science ; 4970)},
  journal   = {Collaborative and distributed chemical engineering : from understanding to substantial design process support; results of the IMPROVE Project. - (Lecture notes in computer science ; 4970)},
  editor    = {Nagl, Manfred},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-540-70552-9},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-540-70552-9_21},
  pages     = {527 -- 554},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FockeMinkForcher2004,
  author    = {Focke, Markus and Mink, Andreas and Forcher, Ralf},
  title     = {Intelligente Zulaufsteuerung durch Telematikgest{\"u}tzte Transportevents : Konzeption eine Telematikbasierten Supply Chain Event Managements f{\"u}r die Zulaufsteuerung industrieller Produktionsunternehmen / Focke, Markus ; Mink, Andreas ; Forcher, Ralf},
  series = {Logistik-Management. 6 (2004), H. 4},
  journal   = {Logistik-Management. 6 (2004), H. 4},
  isbn      = {1436-6231},
  pages     = {47 -- 59},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Focke2009,
  author    = {Focke, Markus},
  title     = {Flussorientierung in der Beschaffungslogistik: ein Ansatz zur Optimierung auf Basis des Toyota Produktionssystems},
  series = {M{\"a}rkte, Anwendungsfelder und Technologien in der Logistik : Ergebnisse und Reflexion von 20 Jahren Logistikforschung ; Festschrift f{\"u}r Peter Klaus / Stefanie M{\"u}ller ... (Hrsg.)},
  journal   = {M{\"a}rkte, Anwendungsfelder und Technologien in der Logistik : Ergebnisse und Reflexion von 20 Jahren Logistikforschung ; Festschrift f{\"u}r Peter Klaus / Stefanie M{\"u}ller ... (Hrsg.)},
  publisher = {Gabler},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {978-3-8349-1821-5},
  pages     = {25 -- 44},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FleischhakerKraussSchaettigeretal.2013,
  author    = {Fleischhaker, Robert and Krauß, Nico and Sch{\"a}ttiger, Farina and Dekorsy, Thomas},
  title     = {Consistent characterization of semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors with singe-pulse and pump-probe spectroscopy},
  series = {Optics Express},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Optics Express},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Optica},
  address   = {Washington, DC},
  issn      = {1094-4087},
  doi       = {10.1364/OE.21.006764},
  pages     = {6764 -- 6776},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FleischhakerEversDey2010,
  author    = {Fleischhaker, Robert and Evers, J{\"o}rg and Dey, Tarak N.},
  title     = {Phase modulation induced by cooperative effects in electromagnetically induced transparency},
  series = {Physical Review A - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics},
  volume    = {82},
  journal   = {Physical Review A - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {AIP Publishing},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  issn      = {1050-2947},
  doi       = {10.1103/PhysRevA.82.013815},
  pages     = {013815},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {We analyze the influence of dipole-dipole interactions in an electromagnetically induced transparency set up for a density at the onset of cooperative effects. To this end, we include mean-field models for the influence of local-field corrections and radiation trapping into our calculation. We show both analytically and numerically that the polarization contribution to the local field strongly modulates the phase of a weak pulse. We give an intuitive explanation for this local-field-induced phase modulation and demonstrate that it distinctively differs from the nonlinear self-phase-modulation that a strong pulse experiences in a Kerr medium.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FleischhakerEvers2011,
  author    = {Fleischhaker, Robert and Evers, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {A Maxwell-Schr{\"o}dinger solver for quantum optical few-level systems},
  series = {Computer Physics Communications},
  volume    = {182},
  journal   = {Computer Physics Communications},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0010-4655},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.cpc.2010.10.018},
  pages     = {739 -- 747},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The msprop program presented in this work is capable of solving the Maxwell-Schr{\"o}dinger equations for one or several laser fields propagating through a medium of quantum optical few-level systems in one spatial dimension and in time. In particular, it allows to numerically treat systems in which a laser field interacts with the medium with both its electric and magnetic component at the same time. The internal dynamics of the few-level system is modeled by a quantum optical master equation which includes coherent processes due to optical transitions driven by the laser fields as well as incoherent processes due to decay and dephasing. The propagation dynamics of the laser fields is treated in slowly varying envelope approximation resulting in a first order wave equation for each laser field envelope function. The program employs an Adams predictor formula second order in time to integrate the quantum optical master equation and a Lax-Wendroff scheme second order in space and time to evolve the wave equations for the fields. The source function in the Lax-Wendroff scheme is specifically adapted to allow taking into account the simultaneous coupling of a laser field to the polarization and the magnetization of the medium. To reduce execution time, a customized data structure is implemented and explained. In three examples the features of the program are demonstrated and the treatment of a system with a phase-dependent cross coupling of the electric and magnetic field component of a laser field is shown.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FleischhakerEvers2008,
  author    = {Fleischhaker, Robert and Evers, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Nonlinear effects in pulse propagation through Doppler-broadened closed-loop atomic media},
  series = {Physical Review A - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics},
  volume    = {77},
  journal   = {Physical Review A - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1050-2947},
  doi       = {10.1103/PhysRevA.77.043805},
  pages     = {043805},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FleischhakerEvers2008,
  author    = {Fleischhaker, Robert and Evers, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Four-wave mixing enhanced white-light cavity},
  series = {Physical Review A - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics},
  volume    = {78},
  journal   = {Physical Review A - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {0556-2791},
  pages     = {051802(R)},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FleischhakerEvers2009,
  author    = {Fleischhaker, Robert and Evers, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Phase-controlled pulse propagation in media with cross coupling of electric and magnetic probe field component},
  series = {Physical Review A - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics},
  volume    = {80},
  journal   = {Physical Review A - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {1050-2947},
  doi       = {10.1103/PHYSREVA.80.063816},
  pages     = {063816},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FissabreWilson2018,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke and Wilson, Ariane},
  title     = {Der Turm mit zehn Spornen - Ein in Monthoiron gebauter Entwurf von Leonardo Da Vinci?},
  series = {In situ: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  journal   = {In situ: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft},
  address   = {Worms},
  issn      = {1866-959X},
  pages     = {65 -- 82},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FissabreRottke2023,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke and Rottke, Evelin},
  title     = {Das Quelle-Fertighaus : Einklang von Maß, Konstruktion und Entwurf},
  series = {architectura},
  volume    = {51},
  journal   = {architectura},
  number    = {1},
  editor    = {Bergdoll, Barry and Schwarting, Andreas and Tragbar, Klaus},
  publisher = {Deutscher Kunstverlag (DKV)},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2569-1554},
  doi       = {10.1515/atc-2021-1005},
  pages     = {57 -- 78},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The steel prefabricated family house ›Quelle-Fertighaus‹ designed and constructed by the German company Quelle, is an innovative modular system commercialised in 1962. All aspects of the Quelle-Fertighaus are planned on the principle of minimal effort for maximal flexibility. The clever design of the ground plan based on a 4 m × 7 m module offers the flexibility for either one to three additional modules. The steel construction is innovative and unique, consisting of load-bearing portal frames acting as braces. The house design is furthermore characterised by a simple metrical grid layout and the practical placement of the foundation and basement, which allowed the very cost-effective production and the lowest price for a prefabricated family house in Germany during the postwar era. Nowadays its portal-frame-construction offers an interesting approach for its renovation and transformation according to present building demands.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FissabreNiethammer2015,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke and Niethammer, Bernhard},
  title     = {System mit H{\"u}lle - Die innovativen Bauten der Steiff-Spielwarenfabrik in Giengen an der Brenz},
  series = {In situ : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {In situ : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft},
  address   = {Worms},
  issn      = {1866-959X},
  pages     = {247 -- 262},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FissabreLohmann2012,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke and Lohmann, Daniel},
  title     = {Verlust einer „tragenden Wand" : Das Haus der Jugend von Rudolf Schwarz in Aachen},
  series = {Bauwelt},
  volume    = {103},
  journal   = {Bauwelt},
  number    = {45},
  publisher = {Bauverlag BV},
  address   = {G{\"u}tersloh},
  issn      = {0005-6855},
  pages     = {6 -- 7},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FissabreKleutersLohmann2013,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke and Kleuters, Elmar and Lohmann, Daniel},
  title     = {„Beweglicher und toleranter als jede alte Harmonie" : Das Haus der Jugend von Rudolf Schwarz und Hans Schwippert in Aachen},
  series = {In situ : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {In situ : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Werner},
  address   = {Worms},
  issn      = {1866-959X},
  pages     = {267 -- 274},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FissabreHertwigSchmidtetal.2002,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke and Hertwig, Christine and Schmidt, Klaus and Sonnleitner, Andrea},
  title     = {Ortrand : Das Lehnsm{\"u}hlschloss : Ein Herrenhaus des 16. Jahrhunderts},
  series = {Brandenburgische Denkmalpflege},
  journal   = {Brandenburgische Denkmalpflege},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {0942-3397},
  pages     = {29 -- 42},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Fissabre2015,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke},
  title     = {Konstruktion und Raumform im Kirchenbau der Moderne : Die L{\"a}ngsbinderkirchen von Hans Herkommer},
  series = {In situ : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {In situ : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft},
  address   = {Worms},
  issn      = {1866-959X},
  pages     = {117 -- 124},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Fissabre2013,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke},
  title     = {Residenzarchitektur des Kurf{\"u}rstenpaares August und Anna von Sachsen als Ausdruck musterhafter Landeskultivierung - Das Renaissanceschloss Lichtenburg},
  series = {Mitteilungen der Residenzen-Kommission der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu G{\"o}ttingen, Neue Folge, Stadt und Hof},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Mitteilungen der Residenzen-Kommission der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu G{\"o}ttingen, Neue Folge, Stadt und Hof},
  issn      = {0941-0937},
  pages     = {40 -- 59},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Fissabre2011,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke},
  title     = {Dachterrassen der Renaissance - „Cosa pi{\`u} maravigliosa che gl'orti pensili di Babbilonia"},
  series = {Architectura : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geschichte der Baukunst},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Architectura : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geschichte der Baukunst},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {0044-863X},
  pages     = {27 -- 46},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Fissabre2005,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke},
  title     = {Das Fach Baugeschichte : Eine Umfrage an 18 deutschsprachigen Architekturfakult{\"a}ten},
  series = {Bauwelt},
  volume    = {96},
  journal   = {Bauwelt},
  number    = {40-41},
  issn      = {0005-6855},
  pages     = {48 -- 57},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Fissabre2021,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke},
  title     = {Ein pazifistisches Kriegerdenkmal der Moderne. Das Totenkreuz von Rudolf Schwarz},
  series = {In situ: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  journal   = {In situ: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft},
  address   = {Worms},
  issn      = {1866-959X},
  pages     = {127 -- 138},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Fissabre2018,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke},
  title     = {Die Relevanz der historischen Bauforschung f{\"u}r neue Impulse in Stadtplanung und Architektur. Das Beispiel der Chiesa della SS. Maria Incoronata und des Servitenklosters in Sabbioneta.},
  series = {archimaera},
  journal   = {archimaera},
  number    = {Nr. 7, Juli 2018},
  publisher = {Archimaera},
  address   = {Aachen},
  issn      = {1865-7001},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0009-21-47067},
  pages     = {99 -- 105},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Durch die Bauforschung im Rahmen des mehrj{\"a}hrigen Projektes "Die Hochkorridore von Sabbioneta" konnten der Verlauf und viele Anschl{\"u}sse der hochliegenden G{\"a}nge an bestehende Bauten weitgehend gekl{\"a}rt werden. Im Bereich der Chiesa della SS. Maria Incoronata und des angrenzenden Servitenklosters f{\"u}hrten die Bauuntersuchungen zu v{\"o}llig neuen Erkenntnissen {\"u}ber den ehemaligen Verlauf des Hochkorridors und damit zu einer Neuinterpretation des baulichen Ensembles sowie seiner Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Idealstadt. Aus dieser historischen Umdeutung entstanden Ideen f{\"u}r die Umnutzung des ehemaligen Servitenklosters und seiner angrenzenden Freifl{\"a}chen, die im Rahmen von studentischen Entw{\"u}rfen am Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Baugeschichte und Denkmalpflege in Kooperation mit dem Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Landschaftsarchitektur der RWTH Aachen weiterentwickelt wurden. Somit stellten sich Befunde einer historisch orientierten Bauforschung mit {\"u}bergeordneter Fragestellung als neue Impulsgeber f{\"u}r Stadtplanung, Architektur und Denkmalpflege heraus.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FischerDoerenJanke1981,
  author    = {Fischer, W. A. and D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter and Janke, Dieter},
  title     = {Aluminium nitride probes for application in iron melts},
  series = {Archiv f{\"u}r das Eisenh{\"u}ttenwesen. 52 (1981), H. 3},
  journal   = {Archiv f{\"u}r das Eisenh{\"u}ttenwesen. 52 (1981), H. 3},
  issn      = {0003-8962},
  pages     = {91 -- 98},
  year      = {1981},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FischerKowalskiPudasainietal.2009,
  author    = {Fischer, Jan-Thomas and Kowalski, Julia and Pudasaini, Shiva P. and Miller, S. A.},
  title     = {Dynamic Avalanche Modeling in Natural Terrain},
  series = {International Snow Science Workshop, Davos 2009, Proceedings ; Proc. ISSW 2009},
  journal   = {International Snow Science Workshop, Davos 2009, Proceedings ; Proc. ISSW 2009},
  pages     = {448 -- 452},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The powerful avalanche simulation toolbox RAMMS (Rapid Mass Movements) is based on a depth-averaged hydrodynamic system of equations with a Voellmy-Salm friction relation. The two empirical friction parameters μ and � correspond to a dry Coulomb friction and a viscous resistance, respectively. Although μ and � lack a proper physical explanation, 60 years of acquired avalanche data in the Swiss Alps made a systematic calibration possible. RAMMS can therefore successfully model avalanche flow depth, velocities, impact pressure and run out distances. Pudasaini and Hutter (2003) have proposed extended, rigorously derived model equations that account for local curvature and twist. A coordinate transformation into a reference system, applied to the actual mountain topography of the natural avalanche path, is performed. The local curvature and the twist of the avalanche path induce an additional term in the overburden pressure. This leads to a modification of the Coulomb friction, the free-surface pressure gradient, the pressure induced by the channel, and the gravity components along and normal to the curved and twisted reference surface. This eventually guides the flow dynamics and deposits of avalanches. In the present study, we investigate the influence of curvature on avalanche flow in real mountain terrain. Simulations of real avalanche paths are performed and compared for the different models approaches. An algorithm to calculate curvature in real terrain is introduced in RAMMS. This leads to a curvature dependent friction relation in an extended version of the Voellmy-Salm model equations. Our analysis provides yet another step in interpreting the physical meaning and significance of the friction parameters used in the RAMMS computational environment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FischerKowalskiPudasaini2012,
  author    = {Fischer, Jan-Thomas and Kowalski, Julia and Pudasaini, Shiva P.},
  title     = {Topographic curvature effects in applied avalanche modelling},
  series = {Cold Regions Science and Technology},
  volume    = {74-75},
  journal   = {Cold Regions Science and Technology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1872-7441},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.01.005},
  pages     = {21 -- 30},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This paper describes the implementation of topographic curvature effects within the RApid Mass MovementS (RAMMS) snow avalanche simulation toolbox. RAMMS is based on a model similar to shallow water equations with a Coulomb friction relation and the velocity dependent Voellmy drag. It is used for snow avalanche risk assessment in Switzerland. The snow avalanche simulation relies on back calculation of observed avalanches. The calibration of the friction parameters depends on characteristics of the avalanche track. The topographic curvature terms are not yet included in the above mentioned classical model. Here, we fundamentally improve this model by mathematically and physically including the topographic curvature effects. By decomposing the velocity dependent friction into a topography dependent term that accounts for a curvature enhancement in the Coulomb friction, and a topography independent contribution similar to the classical Voellmy drag, we construct a general curvature dependent frictional resistance, and thus propose new extended model equations. With three site-specific examples, we compare the apparent frictional resistance of the new approach, which includes topographic curvature effects, to the classical one. Our simulation results demonstrate substantial effects of the curvature on the flow dynamics e.g., the dynamic pressure distribution along the slope. The comparison of resistance coefficients between the two models demonstrates that the physically based extension presents an improvement to the classical approach. Furthermore a practical example highlights its influence on the pressure outline in the run out zone of the avalanche. Snow avalanche dynamics modeling natural terrain curvature centrifugal force friction coefficients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FischerSelverGezeretal.2015,
  author    = {Fischer, Felix and Selver, M. Alper and Gezer, Sinem and Dicle, Oguz and Hillen, Walter},
  title     = {Systematic Parameterization, Storage, and Representation of Volumetric DICOM Data},
  series = {Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2199-4757},
  doi       = {10.1007/s40846-015-0097-5},
  pages     = {709 -- 723},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FinkenbergerVeil2020,
  author    = {Finkenberger, Isabel Maria and Veil, Katja},
  title     = {R{\"a}umliche Transformation},
  series = {RaumPlanung : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r r{\"a}umliche Planung und Forschung},
  volume    = {205},
  journal   = {RaumPlanung : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r r{\"a}umliche Planung und Forschung},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {IfR (Informationskreis f{\"u}r Raumplanung)},
  address   = {Dortmund},
  issn      = {0176-7534},
  pages     = {6 -- 11},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FinkenbergerSchlaich2014,
  author    = {Finkenberger, Isabel Maria and Schlaich, Christoph},
  title     = {Mehr als Wohnen. Vom Zusammenleben in integrierten Nachbarschaften},
  series = {APuZ - Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte},
  volume    = {2014},
  journal   = {APuZ - Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte},
  number    = {20-21},
  publisher = {Bundeszentrale f{\"u}r politische Bildung - bpb},
  address   = {Bonn},
  issn      = {2194-3621},
  pages     = {46 -- 52},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Neue D{\"o}rfer braucht das Land! D{\"o}rfer in der Stadt und D{\"o}rfer auf dem Land (…). Die Planung und Gestaltung nachhaltiger Raumsysteme, die durch ein neues Verst{\"a}ndnis des gemeinschaftlichen Besitzes (und dessen Nutzung) ressourcenfressende Individualisierungstendenzen unserer Gesellschaft {\"u}berwinden, aber zugleich gr{\"o}ßtm{\"o}glichen Freiraum f{\"u}r eine individuelle Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsentfaltung zur Verf{\"u}gung stellen." Dieses Zitat der Hamburger Initiative "Wir sind Dorf" beschreibt eine aktuelle Diskussion in unserer Gesellschaft, die sowohl in der Forschung und forschungsgeleiteten Initiativen, in Politik und Planung als auch in der B{\"u}rger-schaft stattfindet. Sie wird nicht nur auf wissenschaftlichen Veranstaltungen gef{\"u}hrt, sondern auch in konkreten Projekten f{\"u}r integrative Lebenswelten, die Fragestellungen von Ern{\"a}hrung und Energieversorgung, von Arbeit und {\"O}konomie, aber auch eines neuen r{\"a}umlichen und sozialen Miteinanders einbeziehen. Anders als bei den weit verbreiteten Baugruppen geht es nicht ausschließlich um die Schaffung von Wohnraum. Die Nachbarschaftsidee verbindet das Bed{\"u}rfnis nach gemeinschaftlichem Wohnen und Wirtschaften mit einer neuen Werteorientierung, die auf pers{\"o}nlicher Verantwortungs{\"u}bernahme beruht.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Finkenberger2022,
  author    = {Finkenberger, Isabel Maria},
  title     = {Strukturwandel als transformative Wende},
  series = {disP: The Planning Review},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {disP: The Planning Review},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {0251-3625},
  doi       = {10.1080/02513625.2022.2158603},
  pages     = {86 -- 94},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Finkenberger2021,
  author    = {Finkenberger, Isabel Maria},
  title     = {Wohnen als Produktionsgemeinschaftsaufgabe},
  series = {Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Christliche Sozialwissenschaften},
  journal   = {Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Christliche Sozialwissenschaften},
  number    = {62},
  publisher = {Aschendorff},
  address   = {M{\"u}nster},
  issn      = {0075-2584},
  doi       = {10.17879/jcsw-2021-3537},
  pages     = {31 -- 42},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Wohnen als neue soziale Frage ist mehr als die Produktion neuer Formen von Wohnen und deren architektonischer Gestalt, und auch mehr als nur die Umsetzung sich ver{\"a}ndernder, jedoch individuell formulierter Wohnw{\"u}nsche. Sie spannt sich auf zwischen gesellschafts- und nachhaltigkeitspolitischen, hardcore-kapitalistischen und globalen Rahmenbedingungen, Hardware und Software, Individuum und Gemeinwohl, Konsum und Mitgestaltung. Entscheidend sind die Akteure und die Art und Weise, wie und nach welchen Maßst{\"a}ben sie handeln. Entscheidend ist aber auch, Wohnen sowohl kontextuell wie auch programmatisch neu zu denken und dadurch zu neuen Mischungen, Nachbarschaften und Bewertungskriterien einer Projekt- und Stadtentwicklung zu kommen, die mehr als die Summe seiner Einzelteile wollen - ein gutes Leben f{\"u}r Alle abseits der Frage des Geldbeutels und der sozialen Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Finkenberger2022,
  author    = {Finkenberger, Isabel Maria},
  title     = {Transformatives Forschen, Lehren und Handeln im Rheinischen Braunkohlerevier},
  series = {Forum Wohnen und Stadtentwicklung},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Forum Wohnen und Stadtentwicklung},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {vhw},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1439-7242},
  pages     = {69 -- 72},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die Institution Hochschule hat das Potenzial, {\"u}ber transformatives Forschen und Lehren und den entsprechenden Wissenstransfer in den lokalen Kontext strategisch-verl{\"a}ssliche Partnerin der Großen Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit zu werden und bei der Ausbildung von Pionierinnen und Pionieren des Wandels mitzuwirken. Der Lehr- und Forschungsschwerpunkt „Zukunftsf{\"a}hige Transformation" am Fachbereich Architektur der FH Aachen widmet sich seit 2020 dem Tagebauumfeld Hambach im Rheinischen Revier, um dort angewandt und in Kooperation neue Narrative, innovative Prozesse, ortsbezogene Konzepte und strategische Projekte zu entwickeln und umzusetzen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Finkenberger2014,
  author    = {Finkenberger, Isabel Maria},
  title     = {Vox populi. (Transformations-)potenziale nachkriegsmoderner Freiraumressourcen},
  series = {Stadt+Gr{\"u}n},
  volume    = {2014},
  journal   = {Stadt+Gr{\"u}n},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Patzer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {0948-9770},
  pages     = {31 -- 35},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Heute wie damals werden die großz{\"u}gigen und offenen Siedlungsstrukturen der ersten Nachkriegsjahrzehnte mit ihrem hohen Anteil an "Gr{\"u}n" vielfach gesch{\"a}tzt und als solche nicht grundlegend hinterfragt. "Gr{\"u}n" verheißt im Allgemeinen Licht, Luft und Sonne, Freizeit und Erholung und gilt als etwas W{\"u}nschenswertes im st{\"a}dtischen Kontext. Unbeachtet bleibt, dass dem Begriff "Gr{\"u}n" zun{\"a}chst keine Eigenschaften oder Qualit{\"a}ten zugewiesen sind - er sagt noch lange nichts {\"u}ber dessen r{\"a}umliche Qualit{\"a}t, dessen Nutzbarkeit, Erreichbarkeit und Zug{\"a}nglichkeit aus. Abstandsgr{\"u}n und Straßenbegleitgr{\"u}n ist eben auch "Gr{\"u}n". Neben einer quantitativen Argumentation, welche {\"o}kologischen Aspekte wie Biotopvernetzung, Stadt- und Mikroklima ber{\"u}cksichtigt, sollten wir verst{\"a}rkt qualitativ denken und damit die Grundlage f{\"u}r einen erweiterten und wesentlich differenzierteren Diskurs {\"u}ber urbane Freir{\"a}ume ebnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Finkenberger2019,
  author    = {Finkenberger, Isabel Maria},
  title     = {Bodenpolitik als Instrument strategischer Transformation},
  series = {UrbanLab-Magazin : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Stadt- und Quartierplanung},
  volume    = {2019},
  journal   = {UrbanLab-Magazin : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Stadt- und Quartierplanung},
  number    = {05},
  pages     = {18 -- 25},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FinkMarshallShahetal.2000,
  author    = {Fink, G. R. and Marshall, J. C. and Shah, N. J. and Weiss, P.H. and Halligan, P. W. and Grosse-Ruyken, M. and Ziemons, Karl and Zilles, K. and Freund, H. J.},
  title     = {Line bisection judgments implicate right parietal cortex and cerebellum as assessed by fMRI},
  series = {Neurology},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {Neurology},
  number    = {6},
  isbn      = {1526-632X},
  pages     = {1324 -- 1331},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FingerGoetten2019,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and G{\"o}tten, Falk},
  title     = {Neue Ans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von unbemannten Flugger{\"a}ten},
  series = {Ingenieurspiegel},
  volume    = {2019},
  journal   = {Ingenieurspiegel},
  number    = {1},
  isbn      = {1868-5919},
  pages     = {67 -- 68},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Wie sieht das unbemannte Flugzeug von {\"U}bermorgen aus? Dieser Frage stellen sich Forscher an der Fachhochschule Aachen. Die weltweit rasant fortschreitende Entwicklung des Marktes f{\"u}r unbemannte Flugger{\"a}te (UAVs - „Unmanned Aerial Vehicles") bietet großes Potenzial f{\"u}r Wachstum und Wertsch{\"o}pfung. Unbemannte fliegende Systeme k{\"o}nnen - f{\"u}r bestimmte Anwendungsgebiete - wesentlich g{\"u}nstiger, kleiner und effizienter ausgelegt werden als bemannte L{\"o}sungen. Dabei sind sich viele Unternehmen {\"u}ber das m{\"o}gliche Potential dieser Technologie noch gar nicht bewusst.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FingerBraunBil2020,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {Comparative assessment of parallel-hybrid-electric propulsion systems for four different aircraft},
  series = {Journal of Aircraft},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {Journal of Aircraft},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {AIAA},
  address   = {Reston, Va.},
  issn      = {1533-3868},
  doi       = {10.2514/1.C035897},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Until electric energy storage systems are ready to allow fully electric aircraft, the combination of combustion engine and electric motor as a hybrid-electric propulsion system seems to be a promising intermediate solution. Consequently, the design space for future aircraft is expanded considerably, as serial hybrid-electric, parallel hybrid-electric, fully electric, and conventional propulsion systems must all be considered. While the best propulsion system depends on a multitude of requirements and considerations, trends can be observed for certain types of aircraft and certain types of missions. This Paper provides insight into some factors that drive a new design toward either conventional or hybrid propulsion systems. General aviation aircraft, regional transport aircraft vertical takeoff and landing air taxis, and unmanned aerial vehicles are chosen as case studies. Typical missions for each class are considered, and the aircraft are analyzed regarding their takeoff mass and primary energy consumption. For these case studies, a high-level approach is chosen, using an initial sizing methodology. Only parallel-hybrid-electric powertrains are taken into account. Aeropropulsive interaction effects are neglected. Results indicate that hybrid-electric propulsion systems should be considered if the propulsion system is sized by short-duration power constraints. However, if the propulsion system is sized by a continuous power requirement, hybrid-electric systems offer hardly any benefit.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FingerBraunBil2018,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {Impact of electric propulsion technology and mission requirements on the performance of VTOL UAVs},
  series = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  issn      = {1869-5582 print},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13272-018-0352-x},
  pages     = {843},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {One of the engineering challenges in aviation is the design of transitioning vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. Thrust-borne flight implies a higher mass fraction of the propulsion system, as well as much increased energy consumption in the take-off and landing phases. This mass increase is typically higher for aircraft with a separate lift propulsion system than for aircraft that use the cruise propulsion system to support a dedicated lift system. However, for a cost-benefit trade study, it is necessary to quantify the impact the VTOL requirement and propulsion configuration has on aircraft mass and size. For this reason, sizing studies are conducted. This paper explores the impact of considering a supplemental electric propulsion system for achieving hovering flight. Key variables in this study, apart from the lift system configuration, are the rotor disk loading and hover flight time, as well as the electrical systems technology level for both batteries and motors. Payload and endurance are typically used as the measures of merit for unmanned aircraft that carry electro-optical sensors, and therefore the analysis focuses on these particular parameters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FingerBraunBil2020,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {Impact of Battery Performance on the Initial Sizing of Hybrid-Electric General Aviation Aircraft},
  series = {Journal of Aerospace Engineering},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {Journal of Aerospace Engineering},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {ASCE},
  address   = {Reston, Va.},
  issn      = {1943-5525},
  doi       = {10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0001113},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Studies suggest that hybrid-electric aircraft have the potential to generate fewer emissions and be inherently quieter when compared to conventional aircraft. By operating combustion engines together with an electric propulsion system, synergistic benefits can be obtained. However, the performance of hybrid-electric aircraft is still constrained by a battery's energy density and discharge rate. In this paper, the influence of battery performance on the gross mass for a four-seat general aviation aircraft with a hybrid-electric propulsion system is analyzed. For this design study, a high-level approach is chosen, using an innovative initial sizing methodology to determine the minimum required aircraft mass for a specific set of requirements and constraints. Only the peak-load shaving operational strategy is analyzed. Both parallel- and serial-hybrid propulsion configurations are considered for two different missions. The specific energy of the battery pack is varied from 200 to 1,000 W⋅h/kg, while the discharge time, and thus the normalized discharge rating (C-rating), is varied between 30 min (2C discharge rate) and 2 min (30C discharge rate). With the peak-load shaving operating strategy, it is desirable for hybrid-electric aircraft to use a light, low capacity battery system to boost performance. For this case, the battery's specific power rating proved to be of much higher importance than for full electric designs, which have high capacity batteries. Discharge ratings of 20C allow a significant take-off mass reduction aircraft. The design point moves to higher wing loadings and higher levels of hybridization if batteries with advanced technology are used.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FingerBilBraun2019,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Bil, Cees and Braun, Carsten},
  title     = {Initial Sizing Methodology for Hybrid-Electric General Aviation Aircraft},
  series = {Journal of Aircraft},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {Journal of Aircraft},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1533-3868},
  doi       = {10.2514/1.C035428},
  pages     = {245 -- 255},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}