@article{HoffmannLindemannZimmermann1998,
  author    = {Hoffmann, C. P. and Lindemann, Markus and Zimmermann, Hans-Dieter},
  title     = {Logistik-Ressourcen im World Wide Web},
  series = {Wirtschaftsinformatik. Vol. 40 (1998), iss. 3},
  journal   = {Wirtschaftsinformatik. Vol. 40 (1998), iss. 3},
  issn      = {0937-6429},
  pages     = {245 -- 250},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LindemannSchmid1999,
  author    = {Lindemann, Markus and Schmid, Beat F.},
  title     = {Framework for specifying, building and operating electronic markets},
  series = {International journal of electronic commerce. Vol. 3 (1998/99), No. 2},
  journal   = {International journal of electronic commerce. Vol. 3 (1998/99), No. 2},
  issn      = {1086-4415},
  pages     = {7 -- 21},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PolzinLindemann1999,
  author    = {Polzin, Dietmar W. and Lindemann, Markus},
  title     = {Evolution elektronischer M{\"a}rkte in G{\"u}terverkehr und Logistik},
  series = {Wirtschaftsinformatik. Vol. 41 (1999), iss. 6},
  journal   = {Wirtschaftsinformatik. Vol. 41 (1999), iss. 6},
  issn      = {0937-6429},
  pages     = {526 -- 537},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PalmerLindemann2003,
  author    = {Palmer, J. W. and Lindemann, Markus},
  title     = {Business models and market mechanisms : evaluating efficiency in consumer electronic markets},
  series = {Data base and advanced information systems. Bd. 34 (2003), H. 2},
  journal   = {Data base and advanced information systems. Bd. 34 (2003), H. 2},
  issn      = {0105-9912},
  pages     = {23 -- 38},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DoerenWernicke1987,
  author    = {D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter and Wernicke, K.},
  title     = {Slijtvaste lagen door oplassen met plasmapoeder},
  series = {Metaal en Kunststof: MK. Universeel weekblad voor fabriek en werkplaats. 24 (1987), Nr. 23},
  journal   = {Metaal en Kunststof: MK. Universeel weekblad voor fabriek en werkplaats. 24 (1987), Nr. 23},
  issn      = {0026-0460},
  pages     = {76 -- 79},
  year      = {1987},
  language  = {nl}
}
@article{HaissigDoerenWilmes1981,
  author    = {Haissig, Manfred and D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter and Wilmes, S.},
  title     = {Stand der Entwicklung des Horizontal-Stranggießens von Edelstahl bei der B{\"o}hler AG},
  series = {Stahl und Eisen. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Eisen und Stahl. Hrsg.: Verein Deutscher Eisenh{\"u}ttenleute (VDEh) ; Wirtschaftsvereinigung Stahl. 101 (1981), H. 6},
  journal   = {Stahl und Eisen. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Eisen und Stahl. Hrsg.: Verein Deutscher Eisenh{\"u}ttenleute (VDEh) ; Wirtschaftsvereinigung Stahl. 101 (1981), H. 6},
  issn      = {0340-4803},
  pages     = {383 -- 390},
  year      = {1981},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FischerDoerenJanke1981,
  author    = {Fischer, W. A. and D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter and Janke, Dieter},
  title     = {Aluminium nitride probes for application in iron melts},
  series = {Archiv f{\"u}r das Eisenh{\"u}ttenwesen. 52 (1981), H. 3},
  journal   = {Archiv f{\"u}r das Eisenh{\"u}ttenwesen. 52 (1981), H. 3},
  issn      = {0003-8962},
  pages     = {91 -- 98},
  year      = {1981},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ItabashiKosakaMiyamotoetal.2013,
  author    = {Itabashi, Akinori and Kosaka, Naoki and Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {High-speed chemical imaging system based on front-side-illuminated LAPS},
  series = {Sensors and actuators B: Chemical},
  volume    = {182},
  journal   = {Sensors and actuators B: Chemical},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1873-3077},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.snb.2013.03.016},
  pages     = {315 -- 321},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The chemical imaging sensor is a semiconductor-based chemical sensor that can visualize the spatial distribution of specific ions on the sensing surface. The conventional chemical imaging system based on the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), however, required a long time to obtain a chemical image, due to the slow mechanical scan of a single light beam. For high-speed imaging, a plurality of light beams modulated at different frequencies can be employed to measure the ion concentrations simultaneously at different locations on the sensor plate by frequency division multiplex (FDM). However, the conventional measurement geometry of back-side illumination limited the bandwidth of the modulation frequency required for FDM measurement, because of the low-pass filtering characteristics of carrier diffusion in the Si substrate. In this study, a high-speed chemical imaging system based on front-side-illuminated LAPS was developed, which achieved high-speed spatiotemporal recording of pH change at a rate of 70 frames per second.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HagebeukerLangeRingbeck2004,
  author    = {Hagebeuker, Bianca and Lange, Robert and Ringbeck, Thorsten},
  title     = {Bildverarbeitung mit der dritten Dimension : wenn die Pixel auch Laufzeiten auswerten},
  series = {Sensor-Report : Sensorik, Messtechnik, Bildverarbeitung, Fabrikautomation. - 2004, H. 2},
  journal   = {Sensor-Report : Sensorik, Messtechnik, Bildverarbeitung, Fabrikautomation. - 2004, H. 2},
  publisher = {Rek \& Thomas},
  address   = {St. Gallen},
  issn      = {0179-9592},
  pages     = {11 -- 17},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LindenFischoederLaacketal.2013,
  author    = {Linden, A. and Fisch{\"o}der, M. and Laack, Walter van and Staat, Manfred},
  title     = {Einschr{\"a}nkung von Taluskippung und -vorschub durch Sprunggelenkorthesen nach fibularer Bandruptur},
  series = {OUP Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die orthop{\"a}dische und unfallchirurgische Praxis},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {OUP Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die orthop{\"a}dische und unfallchirurgische Praxis},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Deutscher {\"A}rzte-Verl.},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  isbn      = {2193-5785},
  doi       = {10.3238/oup.2013.0306-0309},
  pages     = {306 -- 309},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Die fibulare Bandruptur z{\"a}hlt zu einer der am h{\"a}ufigsten auftretenden Verletzungen des Bewegungsapparats. In den meisten F{\"a}llen wird heute die konservativ fr{\"u}hfunktionelle Therapie mit Sprunggelenkorthesen allgemein bevorzugt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurden 14 verschiedene Sprunggelenkorthesen im Hinblick auf ihre Einschr{\"a}nkung von Taluskippung und Talusvorschub untersucht. Zur Simulation einer fibularen Bandruptur wurde ein Unterschenkelmodell aus Holz mit Fußteil, mit angelegten Orthesen in einen Scheuba-Halteapparat eingespannt und mit 150 N seitlich sowie anterior-posterior belastet. Anhand der erstellten "gehaltenen" R{\"o}ntgenaufnahmen konnten Taluskippung und Talusvorschub jeder einzelnen Orthese eindeutig bestimmt werden. Die meisten Orthesen erreichten zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse. Es stellte sich heraus, dass vor allem eine eng anliegende, im Gelenkbereich anatomisch angepasste Form vorteilhaft zu sein scheint.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Mueller2013,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Thomas},
  title     = {Aufweichung der Gewaltenteilung und Demokratieverlust - Achtung vor dem Parlament. Darstellung einer Rechtsch{\"o}pfung der Exekutive im Umfeld des \S15 AStG},
  series = {Der Betrieb},
  journal   = {Der Betrieb},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Fachmedien Otto Schmidt},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  issn      = {0005-9935},
  pages     = {542 -- 548},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchwarteHeinolBuxbaumetal.1998,
  author    = {Schwarte, Rudolf and Heinol, Horst-Guenther and Buxbaum, Bernd and Xu, Zhanping and Ringbeck, Thorsten and Zhang, Zhigang and Wei, Tai and Hartmann, K. and Kleuver, W. and Luan, Xuming},
  title     = {Neuartige 3D-Visionssysteme auf der Basis Layout-optimierter PMD-Strukturen},
  series = {Technisches Messen : tm ; Plattform f{\"u}r Methoden, Systeme und Anwendungen der Messtechnik ; Organ der AMA (Fachverband f{\"u}r Sensorik e.V.) und der NAMUR (Interessengemeinschaft Prozessleittechnik der Chemischen und Pharmazeutischen Industrie). - 65(1998), H. 7-8},
  journal   = {Technisches Messen : tm ; Plattform f{\"u}r Methoden, Systeme und Anwendungen der Messtechnik ; Organ der AMA (Fachverband f{\"u}r Sensorik e.V.) und der NAMUR (Interessengemeinschaft Prozessleittechnik der Chemischen und Pharmazeutischen Industrie). - 65(1998), H. 7-8},
  publisher = {Oldenbourg},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  issn      = {0340-837X},
  pages     = {264 -- 271},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ArtmannZang1990,
  author    = {Artmann, Gerhard and Zang, Werner},
  title     = {Vollautomatische Messung rheologischer Parameter roter Blutzellen},
  series = {Biomedizinische Technik / Biomedical Engineering},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Biomedizinische Technik / Biomedical Engineering},
  number    = {S3},
  issn      = {0013-5585},
  pages     = {94 -- 96},
  year      = {1990},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RingbeckProfittlichSchaller2009,
  author    = {Ringbeck, Thorsten and Profittlich, Martin and Schaller, Christian},
  title     = {Kameras f{\"u}r die dritte Dimension : PMD-Technologie erm{\"o}glicht neue effiziente Anwendungen in der Industrie und Medizintechnik},
  series = {Optik \& Photonik. - 4(2009), H. 3},
  journal   = {Optik \& Photonik. - 4(2009), H. 3},
  publisher = {Wiley - VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1863-1460},
  pages     = {30 -- 33},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Flederm{\"a}use orientieren sich extrem schnell auch in absoluter Dunkelheit. Sie verwenden dazu eine Art Ultraschall Radar, um die Umgebung r{\"a}umlich wahrzunehmen. Der Photo-Misch-Detektor (engl. Photonic Mixer Device, PMD) verwendet dieses Prinzip der Flederm{\"a}use im optischen Bereich — dreidimensionale Szenen werden ohne Rechenaufwand kosteng{\"u}nstig, effizient und mit hoher Geschwindigkeit erfasst.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Wolf2012,
  author    = {Wolf, Martin R.},
  title     = {Von Security Awareness zum Secure Behaviour},
  series = {Hakin9 Extra - IT-Forensik},
  volume    = {2012},
  journal   = {Hakin9 Extra - IT-Forensik},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Software Wydawnictwo},
  address   = {Warszawa},
  issn      = {1733-7186},
  pages     = {18 -- 19},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Security Awareness ist derzeit ein viel diskutiertes Thema. Es reicht nicht, einfach nur ein paar technische Systeme (z.B. Firewalls) zu installieren, um ein angemessenes Schutzniveau zu erzielen. Neben einer guten Organisation von IT Security ist es auch notwendig, den Mitarbeiter einzubinden. Der vielzitierte "Faktor Mensch" ist derjenige, der die Technik korrekt anwenden muss und der durch falsches Verhalten technische und organisatorische Schutzmaßnahmen aushebeln kann. Deshalb reicht es nicht aus, wenn sich der Mitarbeiter der Gefahren bewusst ("aware") ist, er muss auch dementsprechend "sicher" handeln.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchneiderSchneider2013,
  author    = {Schneider, Bettina and Schneider, Wilhelm},
  title     = {Rechnungslegung nach IFRS im Vergleich zum HGB},
  series = {Das Wirtschaftsstudium : wisu ; Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Ausbildung, Examen, Berufseinstieg und Fortbildung},
  journal   = {Das Wirtschaftsstudium : wisu ; Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Ausbildung, Examen, Berufseinstieg und Fortbildung},
  publisher = {Lange},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  issn      = {0340-3084},
  pages     = {536 -- 541},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Raatschen1987,
  author    = {Raatschen, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Fokussierung von Spannungswellen in einer krummlinig berandeten Scheibe},
  series = {ZAMM : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {ZAMM : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1521-4001},
  pages     = {T230 -- T231},
  year      = {1987},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Raatschen2003,
  author    = {Raatschen, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Ingenieurstudium Hundert Jahre : von der K{\"o}niglichen H{\"o}heren Maschinenbauschule Aachen zu den Ingenieurfachbereichen der Fachhochschule},
  series = {Fachblatt},
  volume    = {2003},
  journal   = {Fachblatt},
  number    = {1},
  organization    = {FH Aachen, University of Applied Sciences},
  pages     = {28 -- 29},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Frings2013,
  author    = {Frings, Michael},
  title     = {Begrenzung von vertraglichen H{\"o}chstfristen f{\"u}r Zahlungen und Abnahmen},
  series = {Neue Wirtschaftsbriefe NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  journal   = {Neue Wirtschaftsbriefe NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  publisher = {NWB Verlag},
  address   = {Herne},
  issn      = {0028-3460},
  pages     = {49 -- 56},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Frings2013,
  author    = {Frings, Michael},
  title     = {{\"A}nderungen zur Haftung und Verg{\"u}tung im Vereins- und Stiftungsrecht},
  series = {Neue Wirtschaftsbriefe NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  journal   = {Neue Wirtschaftsbriefe NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  publisher = {NWB Verlag},
  address   = {Herne},
  issn      = {0028-3460},
  pages     = {693 -- 699},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Gaiser2013,
  author    = {Gaiser, Lorenz},
  title     = {Rapidshare Kinocharts},
  series = {Idiopendent Lyfestile (Boxhorn ; 27)},
  journal   = {Idiopendent Lyfestile (Boxhorn ; 27)},
  editor    = {Mohr, Klaus},
  publisher = {FH},
  address   = {Aachen},
  issn      = {1864-2535},
  pages     = {150 -- 153},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Fabo2013,
  author    = {Fabo, Sabine},
  title     = {Pepr{\"a}sentatives D{\"o}sen},
  series = {Idiopendent Lyfestile (Boxhorn ; 27)},
  journal   = {Idiopendent Lyfestile (Boxhorn ; 27)},
  editor    = {Mohr, Klaus},
  publisher = {FH},
  address   = {Aachen},
  issn      = {1864-2535},
  pages     = {134 -- 139},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Mohr2013,
  author    = {Mohr, Klaus},
  title     = {DEBEDE DE HAKAPE},
  series = {Idiopendent Lyfestile (Boxhorn ; 27)},
  journal   = {Idiopendent Lyfestile (Boxhorn ; 27)},
  publisher = {Fachhochschule Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  issn      = {1864-2535},
  pages     = {40 -- 45},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FeuchtSchoenbachLanzletal.2013,
  author    = {Feucht, Nikolaus and Sch{\"o}nbach, Etienne Michael and Lanzl, Ines and Kotliar, Konstantin and Lohmann, Chris Patrick and Maier, Mathias},
  title     = {Changes in the foveal microstructure after intravitreal bevacizumab application in patients with retinal vascular disease},
  series = {Clinical Ophthalmology},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Clinical Ophthalmology},
  publisher = {Dove Medical Press},
  address   = {Auckland, New Zealand},
  issn      = {1177-5483},
  pages     = {173 -- 178},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MurganBeyerKotliaretal.2013,
  author    = {Murgan, Ilina and Beyer, Sonja and Kotliar, Konstantin and Weber, Lutz and Bechtold-Dalla Pozza, Susanne and Dalla Pozza, Robert and Wegner, Aharon and Sitnikova, Diana and Stock, Konrad and Heemann, Uwe and Schmaderer, Christoph and Baumann, M.},
  title     = {Arterial and Retinal Vascular Changes in Hypertensive and Prehypertensive Adolescents},
  series = {American Journal of Hypertension},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {American Journal of Hypertension},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1941-7225},
  pages     = {400 -- 408},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KotliarHanssenEberhardtetal.2013,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Hanssen, Henner and Eberhardt, Karla and Vilser, Walthard and Schmaderer, Christoph and Halle, Martin and Heemann, Uwe and Baumann, M.},
  title     = {Retinal pulse wave velocity in young male normotensive and mildly hypertensive subjects},
  series = {Microcirculation},
  journal   = {Microcirculation},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {1549-8719},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisertSchneiderGeissleretal.2013,
  author    = {Reisert, Steffen and Schneider, Benno and Geissler, Hanno and Gompel, Matthias van and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Multi-sensor chip for the investigation of different types of metal oxides for the detection of H2O2 in the ppm range},
  series = {physica status solidi (a)},
  volume    = {210},
  journal   = {physica status solidi (a)},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1862-6319},
  pages     = {898 -- 904},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In this work, a multi-sensor chip for the investigation of the sensing properties of different types of metal oxides towards hydrogen peroxide in the ppm range is presented. The fabrication process and physical characterization of the multi-sensor chip are described. Pure SnO2 and WO3 as well as Pd- and Pt-doped SnO2 films are characterized in terms of their sensitivity to H2O2. The sensing films have been prepared by drop-coating of water-dispensed nano-powders. A physical characterization, including scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of the deposited metal-oxide films, was done. From the measurements in hydrogen peroxide atmosphere, it could be shown, that all of the tested metal oxide films are suitable for the detection of H2O2 in the ppm range. The highest sensitivity and reproducibility was achieved using Pt-doped SnO2. Calibration plot of a SnO2, WO3, Pt-, and Pd-doped SnO2 gas sensor for H2O2 concentrations in the ppm range.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HennemannKohlReisertetal.2013,
  author    = {Hennemann, J{\"o}rg and Kohl, Claus-Dieter and Reisert, Steffen and Kirchner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Copper oxide nanofibres for detection of hydrogen peroxide vapour at high concentrations},
  series = {physica status solidi (a)},
  volume    = {210},
  journal   = {physica status solidi (a)},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1862-6319},
  doi       = {10.1002/pssa.201200775},
  pages     = {859 -- 863},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {We present a sensor concept based on copper(II)oxide (CuO) nanofibres for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapour in the percent per volume (\% v/v) range. The fibres were produced by using the electrospinning technique. To avoid water condensation in the pores, the fibres were initially modified by an exposure to H2S to get an enclosed surface. By a thermal treatment at 350 °C the fibres were oxidised back to CuO. Thereby, the visible pores disappear which was verified by SEM analysis. The fibres show a decrease of resistance with increasing H2O2 concentration which is due to the fact that hydrogen peroxide is an oxidising gas and CuO a p-type semiconductor. The sensor shows a change of resistance within the minute range to the exposure until the maximum concentration of 6.9\% v/v H2O2. At operating temperatures below 450 °C the corresponding sensor response to a concentration of 4.1\% v/v increases. The sensor shows a good reproducibility of the signal at different measurements. CuO seems to be a suitable candidate for the detection of H2O2 vapour at high concentrations. Resistance behaviour of the sensor under exposure to H2O2 vapours between 2.3 and 6.9\% v/v at an operating temperature of 450 °C.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NomdedeuWillenSchiefferetal.2012,
  author    = {Nomdedeu, Mar Monsonis and Willen, Christine and Schieffer, Andre and Arndt, Hartmut},
  title     = {Temperature-dependent ranges of coexistence in a model of a two-prey-one-predator microbial food web},
  series = {Marine Biology},
  volume    = {159},
  journal   = {Marine Biology},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1432-1793},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00227-012-1966-x},
  pages     = {2423 -- 2430},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The objective of our study was to analyze the effects of temperature on the population dynamics of a three-species food web consisting of two prey bacteria (Pedobacter sp. and Acinetobacter johnsonii) and a protozoan predator (Tetrahymena pyriformis) as model organisms. We assessed the effects of temperature on the growth rates of all three species with the objective of developing a model with four differential equations based on the experimental data. The following hypotheses were tested at a theoretical level: Firstly, temperature changes can affect the dynamic behavior of a system by temperature-dependent parameters and interactions and secondly, food web response to temperature cannot be derived from the single species temperature response. The main outcome of the study is that temperature changes affect the parameter range where coexistence is possible within all three species. This has significant consequences on our ideas regarding the evaluation of effects of global warming.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzelSchaeferMuelleretal.2010,
  author    = {Heinzel, Alexander and Sch{\"a}fer, Ralf and M{\"u}ller, Hans-Wilhelm and Schieffer, Andre and Ingenhag, Ariane and Northoff, Georg and Franz, Matthias and Hautzel, Hubertus},
  title     = {Differential modulation of valence and arousal in high-alexithymic and low-alexithymic individuals},
  series = {Neuroreport},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Neuroreport},
  number    = {15},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1473-558X},
  doi       = {10.1097/WNR.0b013e32833f38e0},
  pages     = {998 -- 1002},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {High-alexithymic individuals are characterized by an impaired ability to identify and communicate emotions whereas low-alexithymic individuals have a wide-ranging ability to deal with emotions. This study examined the hypothesis that valence and arousal modifications of emotional stimuli differentially modulate cortical regions in high-alexithymic and low-alexithymic individuals. To this end, 28 high-alexithymic and 25 low-alexithymic individuals were investigated with event-related fMRI using visual emotional stimuli. We found differential neural activations in the dorsal anterior cingulate, the insula and the amygdala. We suggest that these differences may account for the impaired ability of high-alexithymic individuals to appropriately handle emotional stimuli.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzelSchaeferMuelleretal.2010,
  author    = {Heinzel, Alexander and Sch{\"a}fer, Ralf and M{\"u}ller, Hans-Wilhelm and Schieffer, Andre and Ingenhag, Ariane and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Northoff, Georg and Franz, Matthias and Hautzel, Hubertus},
  title     = {Increased Activation of the Supragenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex during Visual Emotional Processing in Male Subjects with High Degrees of Alexithymia: An Event-Related fMRI Study},
  series = {Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics},
  volume    = {79},
  journal   = {Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {0033-3190},
  doi       = {10.1159/000320121},
  pages     = {363 -- 370},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Background: One of the most prominent neurobiological models of alexithymia assumes an altered function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as the crucial neural correlate of alexithymia. So far functional imaging studies have yielded inconclusive results. Therefore, we tested this hypothesis in healthy alexithymics and nonalexithymics in an event-related fMRI study. Methods: Thirty high- and 30 low-alexithymic right-handed male subjects (selected by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-20) were investigated with event-related fMRI using a picture viewing paradigm. The stimuli consisted of happy, fearful and neutral facial expressions (Ekman-Friesen) as well as positive, negative and neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System. Results: Contrasting the high-alexithymic with the low-alexithymic group we observed increased activation of the supragenual ACC for different emotional valences as well as for different emotional stimuli. Moreover, there was a positive correlation of the ACC with the individual TAS-20 scores but no correlations with the individual Beck Depression Inventory scores. Additionally, there was no difference in activity of the amygdala. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the supragenual ACC is constantly activated more strongly in alexithymic subjects and that this activation is related to the symptoms of alexithymia and not to associated symptoms such as depression. Therefore, our findings support the hypothesis of an altered function of the ACC in alexithymia.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirchnerOberlaenderSusoetal.2013,
  author    = {Kirchner, Patrick and Oberl{\"a}nder, Jan and Suso, Henri-Pierre and Rysstad, Gunnar and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Towards a wireless sensor system for real-time H2O2 monitoring in aseptic food processes},
  series = {Physica status solidi (a)},
  volume    = {210},
  journal   = {Physica status solidi (a)},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1862-6319},
  doi       = {10.1002/pssa.201200920},
  pages     = {877 -- 883},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {A wireless sensor system based on the industrial ZigBee standard for low-rate wireless networking was developed that enables real-time monitoring of gaseous H2O2 during the package sterilization in aseptic food processes. The sensor system consists of a remote unit connected to a calorimetric gas sensor, which was already established in former works, and an external base unit connected to a laptop computer. The remote unit was built up by an XBee radio frequency (RF) module for data communication and a programmable system-on-chip controller to read out the sensor signal and process the sensor data, whereas the base unit is a second XBee RF module. For the rapid H2O2 detection on various locations inside the package that has to be sterilized, a novel read-out strategy of the calorimetric gas sensor was established, wherein the sensor response is measured within the short sterilization time and correlated with the present H2O2 concentration. In an exemplary measurement application in an aseptic filling machinery, the suitability of the new, wireless sensor system was demonstrated, wherein the influence of the gas velocity on the H2O2 distribution inside a package was determined and verified with microbiological tests.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoetterFateriGebhardt2012,
  author    = {H{\"o}tter, Jan-Steffen and Fateri, Miranda and Gebhardt, Andreas},
  title     = {Prozessoptimierung des SLM-Prozesses mit hoch-reflektiven und thermisch sehr gut leitenden Materialien durch systematische Parameterfindung und begleitende Simulationen am Beispiel von Silber},
  series = {RTejournal - Forum f{\"u}r Rapid Technologie},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {RTejournal - Forum f{\"u}r Rapid Technologie},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Fachhoschule Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  issn      = {1614-0923},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0009-2-33639},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Additive Manufacturing durch Aufschmelzen von Metallpulvern hat sich auf breiter Front als Herstellverfahren, auch f{\"u}r Endprodukte, etabliert. Besonders f{\"u}r die Variante des Selective Laser Melting (SLM) sind Anwendungen in der Zahntechnik bereits weit verbreitet und der Einsatz in sensitiven Branchen wie der Luftfahrt ist in greifbare N{\"a}he ger{\"u}ckt. Deshalb werden auch vermehrt Anstrengungen unternommen, um bisher nicht verarbeitete Materialien zu qualifizieren. Dies sind vorzugsweise Nicht-Eisen- und Edelmetalle, die sowohl eine sehr hohe Reflektivit{\"a}t als auch eine sehr gute W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit aufweisen - beides Eigenschaften, die die Beherrschung des Laser-Schmelzprozesses erschweren und nur kleine Prozessfenster zulassen. Die Arbeitsgruppe SLM des Lehr- und Forschungsgebietes Hochleistungsverfahren der Fertigungstechnik hat sich unter der Randbedingung einer kleinen und mit geringer Laserleistung ausgestatteten SLM Maschine der Aufgabe gewidmet und am Beispiel von Silber die Parameterfelder f{\"u}r Einzelspuren und wenig komplexe Geometrien systematisch untersucht. Die Arbeiten wurden von FEM Simulationen begleitet und durch metallographische Untersuchungen verifiziert. Die Ergebnisse bilden die Grundlage zur schnellen Parameterfindung bei komplexen Geometrien und bei Ver{\"a}nderungen der Zusammensetzung, wie sie bei zuk{\"u}nftigen Legierungen zu erwarten sind. Die Ergebnisse werden exemplarisch auf unterschiedliche Geometrien angewandt und entsprechende Bauteile gezeigt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GebhardtFateri2013,
  author    = {Gebhardt, Andreas and Fateri, Miranda},
  title     = {3D printing and its applications},
  series = {RTejournal - Forum f{\"u}r Rapid Technologie},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {RTejournal - Forum f{\"u}r Rapid Technologie},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Fachhochschule Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  issn      = {1614-0923},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0009-2-35626},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Eine zunehmende Anzahl von Artikeln in Publikumszeitschriften und Journalen r{\"u}ckt die direkte Herstellung von Bauteilen und Figuren immer mehr in das Bewusstsein einer breiten {\"O}ffentlichkeit. Leider ergibt sich nur selten ein einigermaßen vollst{\"a}ndiges Bild davon, wie und in welchen Lebensbereichen diese Techniken unseren Alltag ver{\"a}ndern werden. Das liegt auch daran, dass die meisten Artikel sehr technisch gepr{\"a}gt sind und sich nur punktuell auf Beispiele st{\"u}tzen. Dieser Beitrag geht von den Bed{\"u}rfnissen der Menschen aus, wie sie z.B. in der Maslow'schen Bed{\"u}rfnispyramide strukturiert dargestellt sind und unterstreicht dadurch, dass 3D Printing (oder Additive Manufacturing resp. Rapid Prototyping) bereits alle Lebensbereiche erfasst hat und im Begriff ist, viele davon zu revolutionieren.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ParlLarueStreunetal.2011,
  author    = {Parl, C. and Larue, H. and Streun, M. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {Double-side-readout technique for SiPM-matrices},
  series = {2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)},
  journal   = {2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1095-7863},
  pages     = {1486 -- 1487},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {In our case the double-side-method is used to minimize the complexity of a matrix-readout. Here the number of channels is reduced to 2√N̅. It is also possible to benefit from the method in a single pixel readout system. One signal can be used to measure position and energy of the event, the other one can be applied to a fast trigger-circuit at the same time. In a next step we will investigate timing behavior and electrical crosstalk of the circuit.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerzogPietrzykShahetal.2010,
  author    = {Herzog, Hans and Pietrzyk, Uwe and Shah, N. Jon and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {The current state, challenges and perspectives of MR-PET},
  series = {Neuroimage},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Neuroimage},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1053-8119},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.036},
  pages     = {2072 -- 2082},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Following the success of PET/CT during the last decade and the recent increasing proliferation of SPECT/CT, another hybrid imaging instrument has been gaining more and more interest: MR-PET. First combined, simultaneous PET and MR studies carried out in small animals demonstrated the feasibility of the new approach. Concurrently, some prototypes of an MR-PET scanner for simultaneous human brain studies have been built, their performance is being tested and preliminary applications have already been shown. Through this pioneering work, it has become clear that advances in the detector design are necessary for further optimization. Recently, the different issues related to the present state and future prospects of MR-PET were presented and discussed during an international 2-day workshop at the Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich, Germany, held after, and in conjunction with, the 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference in Dresden, Germany on October 27-28, 2008. The topics ranged from small animal MR-PET imaging to human MR-BrainPET imaging, new detector developments, challenges/opportunities for ultra-high field MR-PET imaging and considerations of possible future research and clinical applications. This report presents a critical summary of the contributions made to the workshop.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BeerStreunHombachetal.2010,
  author    = {Beer, S. and Streun, M. and Hombach, T. and Buehler, J. and Jahnke, S. and Khodaverdi, M. and Larue, H. and Minwuyelet, S. and Parl, C. and Roeb, G. and Schurr, U. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {Design and initial performance of PlanTIS: a high-resolution positron emission tomograph for plants},
  series = {Physics in Medicine and Biology},
  volume    = {55},
  journal   = {Physics in Medicine and Biology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {IOP},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {1361-6560},
  doi       = {10.1088/0031-9155/55/3/006},
  pages     = {635 -- 646},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Positron emitters such as 11C, 13N and 18F and their labelled compounds are widely used in clinical diagnosis and animal studies, but can also be used to study metabolic and physiological functions in plants dynamically and in vivo. A very particular tracer molecule is 11CO2 since it can be applied to a leaf as a gas. We have developed a Plant Tomographic Imaging System (PlanTIS), a high-resolution PET scanner for plant studies. Detectors, front-end electronics and data acquisition architecture of the scanner are based on the ClearPET™ system. The detectors consist of LSO and LuYAP crystals in phoswich configuration which are coupled to position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes. Signals are continuously sampled by free running ADCs, and data are stored in a list mode format. The detectors are arranged in a horizontal plane to allow the plants to be measured in the natural upright position. Two groups of four detector modules stand face-to-face and rotate around the field-of-view. This special system geometry requires dedicated image reconstruction and normalization procedures. We present the initial performance of the detector system and first phantom and plant measurements.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Fabo2011,
  author    = {Fabo, Sabine},
  title     = {Im Reich der Sinne},
  series = {Die Dreiundzwanzigste (Boxhorn ; 23)},
  journal   = {Die Dreiundzwanzigste (Boxhorn ; 23)},
  editor    = {Mohr, Klaus},
  publisher = {Fachhochschule},
  address   = {Aachen},
  issn      = {1864-2535},
  pages     = {42 -- 44},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Nach einer halben Stunde Vorf{\"u}hrzeit im H{\"o}rsaal h{\"o}rt man das Zuschlagen der T{\"u}r, die ersten genervten Zuschauer fliehen. In den n{\"a}chsten 30 Minuten werden ihnen noch viele folgen, bis letztlich wenige Interessierte bis zum Abspann des Films bleiben.},
  subject      = {Pornographie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{StreunLarueParletal.2009,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {A compact PET detector readout using charge-to-time conversion},
  series = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)},
  journal   = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  isbn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {1868 -- 1870},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The readout of gamma detectors is considerably simplified when the event intensity is encoded as a pulse width (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM). Time-to-Digital-Converters (TDC) replace the conventional ADCs and multiple TDCs can be realized easily in one PLD chip (Programmable Logic Device). The output of a PWM stage is only one digital signal per channel which is well suited for transport so that further processing can be performed apart from the detector. This is particularly interesting for large systems with high channel density (e.g. high resolution scanners). In this work we present a circuit with a linear transfer function that requires a minimum of components by performing the PWM already in the preamp stage. This allows a very compact and also cost-efficient implementation of the front-end electronics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WedrowskiBruyndonckxTavernieretal.2009,
  author    = {Wedrowski, M. and Bruyndonckx, P. and Tavernier, S. and Zhi, L. and Dang, J. and Mendes, P. R. and Perez, J. M. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {Robustness of neural networks algorithm for gamma detection in monolithic block detector, positron emission tomography},
  series = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)},
  journal   = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)},
  isbn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {2625 -- 2628},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The monolithic scintillator block approach for gamma detection in the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) avoids estimating Depth of Interaction (DOI), reduces dead zones in detector and diminishes costs of detector production. Neural Networks (NN) are very efficient to determine the entrance point of a gamma incident on a scintillator block. This paper presents results on the robustness of the spatial resolution as a function of the random fraction in the data, temperature and HV fluctuations. This is important when implementing the method in a real scanner. Measurements were done with two Hamamatsu S8550 APD arrays, glued on a 20 {\~A}— 20 {\~A}— 10 mm3 monolithic LSO crystal block.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JahnkeMenzelDusschotenetal.2009,
  author    = {Jahnke, Siegfried and Menzel, Marion I. and Dusschoten, Dagmar van and Roeb, Gerhard W. and B{\"u}hler, Jonas and Minwuyelet, Senay and Bl{\"u}mler, Peter and Temperton, Vicky M. and Hombach, Thomas and Streun, Matthias and Beer, Simone and Khodaverdi, Maryam and Ziemons, Karl and Coenen, Heinz H. and Schurr, Ulrich},
  title     = {Combined MRI-PET dissects dynamic changes in plant structures and functions},
  series = {The Plant Journal},
  volume    = {59},
  journal   = {The Plant Journal},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  isbn      = {1365-313X},
  pages     = {634 -- 644},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Unravelling the factors determining the allocation of carbon to various plant organs is one of the great challenges of modern plant biology. Studying allocation under close to natural conditions requires non-invasive methods, which are now becoming available for measuring plants on a par with those developed for humans. By combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), we investigated three contrasting root/shoot systems growing in sand or soil, with respect to their structures, transport routes and the translocation dynamics of recently fixed photoassimilates labelled with the short-lived radioactive carbon isotope 11C. Storage organs of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and radish plants (Raphanus sativus) were assessed using MRI, providing images of the internal structures of the organs with high spatial resolution, and while species-specific transport sectoralities, properties of assimilate allocation and unloading characteristics were measured using PET. Growth and carbon allocation within complex root systems were monitored in maize plants (Zea mays), and the results may be used to identify factors affecting root growth in natural substrates or in competition with roots of other plants. MRI-PET co-registration opens the door for non-invasive analysis of plant structures and transport processes that may change in response to genomic, developmental or environmental challenges. It is our aim to make the methods applicable for quantitative analyses of plant traits in phenotyping as well as in understanding the dynamics of key processes that are essential to plant performance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Alexopoulos2012,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros},
  title     = {Biogas systems: basics, biogas multifunction, principle of fermentation and hybrid application with a solar tower for the treatment of waste animal manure},
  series = {Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1791-2377},
  pages     = {48 -- 55},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Two of the main environmental problems of today's society are the continuously increasing production of organic wastes as well as the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the related green house effect. A way to solve these problems is the production of biogas. Biogas is a combustible gas consisting of methane, carbon dioxide and small amounts of other gases and trace elements. Production of biogas through anaerobic digestion of animal manure and slurries as well as of a wide range of digestible organic wastes and agricultural residues, converts these substrates into electricity and heat and offers a natural fertiliser for agriculture. The microbiological process of decomposition of organic matter, in the absence of oxygen takes place in reactors, called digesters. Biogas can be used as a fuel in a gas turbine or burner and can be used in a hybrid solar tower system offering a solution for waste treatment of agricultural and animal residues. A solar tower system consists of a heliostat field, which concentrates direct solar irradiation on an open volumetric central receiver. The receiver heats up ambient air to temperatures of around 700°C. The hot air's heat energy is transferred to a steam Rankine cycle in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The steam drives a steam turbine, which in turn drives a generator for producing electricity. In order to increase the operational hours of a solar tower power plant, a heat storage system and/ or hybridization may be considered. The advantage of solar-fossil hybrid power plants, compared to solar-only systems, lies in low additional investment costs due to an adaptable solar share and reduced technical and economical risks. On sunny days the hybrid system operates in a solar-only mode with the central receiver and on cloudy days and at night with the gas turbine only. As an alternative to methane gas, environmentally neutral biogas can be used for operating the gas turbine. Hence, the hybrid system is operated to 100\% from renewable energy sources},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Helmig2010,
  author    = {Helmig, Ilka},
  title     = {Nitty - fontnames illustrated},
  series = {Slanted},
  journal   = {Slanted},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Slanted Publishers},
  address   = {Karlsruhe},
  issn      = {1867-6510},
  pages     = {68 -- 69},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZiemonsBruyndonckxPerezetal.2008,
  author    = {Ziemons, Karl and Bruyndonckx, P. and Perez, J. M. and Pietrzyk, U. and Rato, P. and Tavernier, S.},
  title     = {Beyond ClearPET: Next Aims},
  series = {5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro Symposium Proceedings ISBI 2008},
  journal   = {5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro Symposium Proceedings ISBI 2008},
  isbn      = {978-1-4244-2003-2},
  pages     = {1421 -- 1424},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {The CRYSTAL CLEAR collaboration, in short CCC, is a consortium of 12 academic institutions, mainly from Europe, joining efforts in the area of developing instrumentation for nuclear medicine and medical imaging. In the framework of the CCC a high performance small animal PET system, called ClearPET, was developed by using new technologies in electronics and crystals in a phoswich arrangement combining two types of lutetium- based scintillator materials: LSO:Ce and LuYAP:Ce. Our next aim will be the development of hybrid image systems. Hybrid MR-PET imaging has many unique advantages for brain research. This has sparked a new research line within CCC for the development of novel MR-PET compatible technologies. MRI is not as sensitive as PET but PET has poorer spatial resolution than MRI. Two major advantages of PET are sensitivity and its ability to acquire metabolic information. To assess these innovations, the development of a 9.4T hybrid animal MR-PET scanner is proposed based on an existing 9.4T MR scanner that will be adapted to enable simultaneous acquisition of MR and PET data using cutting- edge technology for both MR and PET.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBeerHombachetal.2008,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Beer, S. and Hombach, T. and Jahnke, S. and Khodaverdi, M. and Larue, H. and Minwuyelet, S. and Parl, C. and Roeb, G. and Schurr, U. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {PlanTIS: A positron emission tomograph for imaging 11C transport in plants},
  series = {2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 6},
  journal   = {2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 6},
  isbn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {4110 -- 4112},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Plant growth and transport processes are highly dynamic. They are characterized by plant-internal control processes and by strong interactions with the spatially and temporally varying environment. Analysis of structure- function relations of growth and transport in plants will strongly benefit from the development of non-invasive techniques. PlanTIS (Plant Tomographic Imaging System) is designed for non-destructive 3D-imaging of positron emitting radiotracers. It will permit functional analysis of the dynamics of carbon distribution in plants including bulky organs. It will be applicable for screening transport properties of plants to evaluate e.g. temperature adaptation of genetically modified plants. PlanTIS is a PET scanner dedicated to monitor the dynamics of the 11C distribution within a plant while or after assimilation of 11CO2. Front end electronics and data acquisition architecture of the scanner are based on the ClearPETTM system [1]. Four detector modules form one of two opposing detector blocks. Optionally, a hardware coincidence detection between the blocks can be applied. In general the scan duration is rather long (~ 1 hour) compared to the decay time of 11C (20 min). As a result the count rates can vary over a wide range and accurate dead time correction is necessary.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MossetDevroedeKriegueretal.2006,
  author    = {Mosset, J.-B. and Devroede, O. and Krieguer, M. and Rey, M. and Vieira, J.-M. and Jung, J. H. and Kuntner, C. and Streun, M. and Ziemons, Karl and Auffray, E. and Sempere-Roldan, P. and Lecoq, P. and Bruyndonckx, P. and Loude, J.-F. and Tavernier, S. and Morcel, C.},
  title     = {Development of an optimized LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector head for the Lausanne ClearPET demonstrator},
  series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  number    = {1},
  isbn      = {0018-9499},
  pages     = {25 -- 29},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {This paper describes the LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector head developed for the ClearPET small animal PET scanner demonstrator that is under construction in Lausanne within the Crystal Clear Collaboration. The detector head consists of a dual layer of 8×8 LSO and LuYAP crystal arrays coupled to a multi-anode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64). Equalistion of the LSO/LuYAP light collection is obtained through partial attenuation of the LSO scintillation light using a thin aluminum deposit of 20-35 nm on LSO and appropriate temperature regulation of the phoswich head between 30°C to 60°C. At 511keV, typical FWHM energy resolutions of the pixels of a phoswich head amounts to (28±2)\% for LSO and (25±2)\% for LuYAP. The LSO versus LuYAP crystal identification efficiency is better than 98\%. Six detector modules have been mounted on a rotating gantry. Axial and tangential spatial resolutions were measured up to 4 cm from the scanner axis and compared to Monte Carlo simulations using GATE. FWHM spatial resolution ranges from 1.3 mm on axis to 2.6 mm at 4 cm from the axis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KhodaverdiWeberStreunetal.2006,
  author    = {Khodaverdi, M. and Weber, S. and Streun, M. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {High resolution imaging with ClearPET™ Neuro - first animal images},
  series = {2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3},
  journal   = {2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3},
  isbn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {1641 -- 1644},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The ClearPET™ Neuro is the first full ring scanner within the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). It consists of 80 detector modules allocated to 20 cassettes. LSO and LuYAP:Ce crystals in phoswich configuration in combination with position sensitive photomultiplier tubes are used to achieve high sensitivity and realize the acquisition of the depth of interaction (DOI) information. The complete system has been tested concerning the mechanical and electronical stability and interplay. Moreover, suitable corrections have been implemented into the reconstruction procedure to ensure high image quality. We present first results which show the successful operation of the ClearPET™ Neuro for artefact free and high resolution small animal imaging. Based on these results during the past few months the ClearPET™ Neuro System has been modified in order to optimize the performance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgKhodaverdietal.2006,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Khodaverdi, M. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {Timemark correction for the ClearPET™ scanners},
  series = {2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 4},
  journal   = {2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 4},
  isbn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {2057 -- 2060},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The small animal PET scanners developed by the Crystal Clear Collaboration (ClearPETtrade) detect coincidences by analyzing timemarks which are attached to each event. The scanners are able to save complete single list mode data which allows analysis and modification of the timemarks after data acquisition. The timemarks are obtained from the digitally sampled detector pulses by calculating the baseline crossing of the rising edge of the pulse which is approximated as a straight line. But the limited sampling frequency causes a systematic error in the determination of the timemark. This error depends on the phase of the sampling clock at the time of the event. A statistical method that corrects these errors will be presented},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2006,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {The data acquisition system of ClearPET neuro - a small animal PET scanner},
  series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  number    = {3},
  isbn      = {0018-9499},
  pages     = {700 -- 703},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The Crystal Clear Collaboration has developed a modular system for a small animal PET scanner (ClearPET). The modularity allows the assembly of scanners of different sizes and characteristics in order to satisfy the specific needs of the individual member institutions. The system performs depth of interaction detection by using a phoswich arrangement combining LSO and LuYAP scintillators which are coupled to Multichannel Photomultipliers (PMTs). For each PMT a free running 40 MHz ADC digitizes the signal and the complete scintillation pulse is sampled by an FPGA and sent with 20 MB/s to a PC for preprocessing. The pulse provides information about the gamma energy and the scintillator material which identifies the interaction layer. Furthermore, the exact pulse starting time is obtained from the sampled data. This is important as no hardware coincidence detection is implemented. All single events are recorded and coincidences are identified by software. The system in J{\"u}lich (ClearPET Neuro) is equipped with 10240 crystals on 80 PMTs. The paper will present an overview of the data acquisition system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KhodaverdiChatziioannouWeberetal.2005,
  author    = {Khodaverdi, M. and Chatziioannou, A. F. and Weber, S. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H. and Pietrzyk, U.},
  title     = {Investigation of different MicroCT scanner configurations by GEANT4 simulations},
  series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  number    = {1},
  isbn      = {0018-9499},
  pages     = {188 -- 192},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {This study has been performed to design the combination of the new ClearPET (ClearPET is a trademark of the Crystal Clear Collaboration), a small animal positron emission tomography (PET) system, with a micro-computed tomography (microCT) scanner. The properties of different microCT systems have been determined by simulations based on GEANT4. We will demonstrate the influence of the detector material and the X-ray spectrum on the obtained contrast. Four different detector materials (selenium, cadmium zinc telluride, cesium iodide and gadolinium oxysulfide) and two X-ray spectra (a molybdenum and a tungsten source) have been considered. The spectra have also been modified by aluminum filters of varying thickness. The contrast between different tissue types (water, air, brain, bone and fat) has been simulated by using a suitable phantom. The results indicate the possibility to improve the image contrast in microCT by an optimized combination of the X-ray source and detector material.},
  language  = {en}
}