@article{FoersterVitusevichBelyaevetal.2002, author = {F{\"o}rster, Arnold and Vitusevich, S. A. and Belyaev, A. E. and Sheka, D. I.}, title = {Resonant tunneling effect in a periodically modulated electrical field. Vitusevich, S.A.; Forster, A.; Belyaev, A.E.; Sheka, D.I.; Luth, H.; Klein, N.; Danylyuk, S.V.; Konakova, R.}, series = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures : held at the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, July 23 - 27, 2001 / MSS 10. Guest ed.: G{\"u}nther Bauer ...}, journal = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures : held at the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, July 23 - 27, 2001 / MSS 10. Guest ed.: G{\"u}nther Bauer ...}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, pages = {811 -- 813}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{FoersterVitusevichBelyaevetal.1999, author = {F{\"o}rster, Arnold and Vitusevich, S. A. and Belyaev, A. E. and Indlekofer, K. M.}, title = {Resonant tunneling effect in delta p-n GaAs junction. Vitusevich, S. A.; F{\"o}rster, A.; Belyaev, A. E.; Indlekofer, K. M.; L{\"u}th, H.; Konakova, R. V.}, series = {Microelectronic Engineering. 46 (1999), H. 1-4}, journal = {Microelectronic Engineering. 46 (1999), H. 1-4}, isbn = {0167-9317}, pages = {169 -- 172}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{FoersterWensorraIndlekoferetal.2005, author = {F{\"o}rster, Arnold and Wensorra, J. and Indlekofer, K. M. and L{\"u}th, H.}, title = {Resonant tunneling in nanocolumns improved by quantum collimation. Wensorra, J.; Indlekofer, K. M.; F{\"o}rster, A.; L{\"u}th, H.}, series = {Nano Letters. 5 (2005)}, journal = {Nano Letters. 5 (2005)}, isbn = {0587-4246}, pages = {2470 -- 2475}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{HelsperFissan1981, author = {Helsper, Christoph and Fißan, H. J.}, title = {Response Characteristic of a Polytec HC-15 Optical Particle Counter}, series = {Aerosols in science, medicine and technology : Physical and chemical properties of aerosols : Association for Aerosol Research: annual conference. 1980 : Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Aerosolforschung: annual conference. 1980 : Aerosols in science, medicine and technology : Physical and chemical properties of aerosols : Associa-tion for Aerosol Research: annual conference. 1980 : Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Aerosolforschung: annual conference. 1980 : Schmallenberg, 22.10.80 - 24.10.80}, journal = {Aerosols in science, medicine and technology : Physical and chemical properties of aerosols : Association for Aerosol Research: annual conference. 1980 : Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Aerosolforschung: annual conference. 1980 : Aerosols in science, medicine and technology : Physical and chemical properties of aerosols : Associa-tion for Aerosol Research: annual conference. 1980 : Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Aerosolforschung: annual conference. 1980 : Schmallenberg, 22.10.80 - 24.10.80}, publisher = {Pergamon Pr.}, address = {Oxford}, pages = {287 -- 292}, year = {1981}, language = {en} } @article{HelsperBartzFissanetal.1985, author = {Helsper, Christoph and Bartz, H. and Fißan, H. J. and Kousaka, Y. (u.a.)}, title = {Response Characteristics for Four Condensation Nucleus Counters to Particles in the 3 to 50 nm Diameter Range / Bartz, H. ; Fißan, H. J. ; Helsper, C.; Kousaka, Y. ; Okuyama, K. ; Keady, R. Fruin, S. ; McMurry, P. H.; Pui, D. Y. H. ; Stolzenburg, M. R.}, series = {Journal of Aerosol Science. 16 (1985), H. 5}, journal = {Journal of Aerosol Science. 16 (1985), H. 5}, isbn = {0021-8502}, pages = {443 -- 456}, year = {1985}, language = {en} } @article{HoffschmidtKruegerHennecke2000, author = {Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Kr{\"u}ger, D. and Hennecke, K.}, title = {Results from parabolic trough systems for process heat at the DLR Cologne / D. Kr{\"u}ger ; B. Hoffschmidt ; K. Hennecke ...}, series = {Solar thermal 2000 : proceedings of the 10th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies, Sydney, Australia, 8 - 10 March 2000 ; part of the}, journal = {Solar thermal 2000 : proceedings of the 10th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies, Sydney, Australia, 8 - 10 March 2000 ; part of the}, address = {Sydney}, pages = {113 -- 120}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{SattlerRoegerSchwarzboezletal.2020, author = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and R{\"o}ger, Marc and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, Peter and Buck, Reiner and Macke, Ansgar and Raeder, Christian and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim}, title = {Review of heliostat calibration and tracking control methods}, series = {Solar Energy}, volume = {207}, journal = {Solar Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.030}, pages = {110 -- 132}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Large scale central receiver systems typically deploy between thousands to more than a hundred thousand heliostats. During solar operation, each heliostat is aligned individually in such a way that the overall surface normal bisects the angle between the sun's position and the aim point coordinate on the receiver. Due to various tracking error sources, achieving accurate alignment ≤1 mrad for all the heliostats with respect to the aim points on the receiver without a calibration system can be regarded as unrealistic. Therefore, a calibration system is necessary not only to improve the aiming accuracy for achieving desired flux distributions but also to reduce or eliminate spillage. An overview of current larger-scale central receiver systems (CRS), tracking error sources and the basic requirements of an ideal calibration system is presented. Leading up to the main topic, a description of general and specific terms on the topics heliostat calibration and tracking control clarifies the terminology used in this work. Various figures illustrate the signal flows along various typical components as well as the corresponding monitoring or measuring devices that indicate or measure along the signal (or effect) chain. The numerous calibration systems are described in detail and classified in groups. Two tables allow the juxtaposition of the calibration methods for a better comparison. In an assessment, the advantages and disadvantages of individual calibration methods are presented.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BorchertLintzel2012, author = {Borchert, J{\"o}rg and Lintzel, P.}, title = {Risiken des Handels}, series = {Energiehandel in Europa}, booktitle = {Energiehandel in Europa}, editor = {Zenke, Ines}, edition = {3. Aufl.}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-9813142-9-8}, pages = {303 -- 312}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @incollection{LintzelBorchert2009, author = {Lintzel, P. and Borchert, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Risiken des Handels}, series = {Energiehandel in Europa}, booktitle = {Energiehandel in Europa}, editor = {Zenke, Ines}, edition = {2. Aufl.}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-58373-5}, pages = {239 -- 247}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @incollection{BorchertSchemmLintzel2005, author = {Borchert, J{\"o}rg and Schemm, R. and Lintzel, P.}, title = {Risiken des Handelsgesch{\"a}ftes}, series = {Energiehandel in Europa}, booktitle = {Energiehandel in Europa}, editor = {Zenke, Ines}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {3-406-52443-5}, pages = {218 -- 235}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{ThielemannLuedtke2000, author = {Thielemann, Frank and L{\"u}dtke, C.}, title = {Risikomanagement - Aufbau eines Fr{\"u}hwarnsystems}, series = {Wirtschafts-Nachrichten. 45 (2000), H. 12}, journal = {Wirtschafts-Nachrichten. 45 (2000), H. 12}, isbn = {1436-5588}, pages = {14 -- ff}, year = {2000}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Kern2002, author = {Kern, Alexander}, title = {Risikomanagement : Absch{\"a}tzung des Schadensrisikos f{\"u}r bauliche Anlagen - Die neue Vornorm DIN V VDE V 0185 Teil 2 : 2002}, year = {2002}, abstract = {Alle Unternehmen sind vielf{\"a}ltigen Risiken ausgesetzt, die Finanz- und Betriebsbereiche einschließlich Dienstleistungen betreffen k{\"o}nnen. Die Firmen m{\"u}ssen {\"u}blicherweise Risiken eingehen, um im Wettbewerb bestehen zu k{\"o}nnen. Entscheidend ist, dass man sich {\"u}ber die Risiken bewusst ist, diese einsch{\"a}tzen und kontrollieren kann. Falsche Einsch{\"a}tzungen, Vers{\"a}umnisse und Fehlentscheidungen k{\"o}nnen empfindliche finanzielle Sch{\"a}den bis hin zum Totalverlust nach sich ziehen. Ein effektives Risikomanagement ist heute als wichtiger Sicherheitsfaktor anzusehen und sollte zur strategischen Unternehmensf{\"u}hrung geh{\"o}ren. Ein vorausschauendes Risikomanagement beinhaltet, Risiken f{\"u}r das Unternehmen zu kalkulieren. Es liefert Entscheidungsgrundlagen, um diese Risiken zu begrenzen und es macht transparent, welche Risiken sinnvollerweise {\"u}ber Versicherungen abgedeckt werden sollten. Beim Versicherungsmanagement ist jedoch zu bedenken, dass zur Erreichung bestimmter Ziele Versicherungen nicht geeignet sind (z.B. Erhaltung der Lieferf{\"a}higkeit). Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeiten bestimmter Risiken lassen sich durch Versicherungen nicht ver{\"a}ndern. Bei Unternehmen, die mit umfangreichen elektronischen Einrichtungen produzieren oder Dienstleistungen erbringen (und das sind heutzutage wohl die meisten), muss auch das Risiko durch Blitzeinwirkungen besondere Ber{\"u}cksichtigung finden. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass der Schaden aufgrund der Nicht-Verf{\"u}gbarkeit der elektronischen Einrichtungen und damit der Produktion bzw. der Dienstleistung und ggf. der Verlust von Daten den Hardware-Schaden an der betroffenen Anlage oft bei weitem {\"u}bersteigt. Im Blitzschutz gewinnt innovatives Denken in Schadensrisiken langsam an Bedeutung. Risikoanalysen haben die Objektivierung und Quantifizierung der Gef{\"a}hrdung von baulichen Anlagen und ihrer Inhalte durch direkte und indirekte Blitzeinschl{\"a}ge zum Ziel. Seinen Niederschlag hat dieses neue Denken in der neuen deutschen Norm DIN V 0185-2 VDE V 0185 Teil 2 gefunden. Die hier vorgegebene Risikoanalyse gew{\"a}hrleistet, dass ein f{\"u}r alle Beteiligten nachvollziehbares Blitzschutz-Konzept erstellt werden kann, das technisch und wirtschaftlich optimiert ist, d.h. bei m{\"o}glichst geringem Aufwand den notwendigen Schutz gew{\"a}hrleisten kann. Die sich aus der Risikoanalyse ergebenden Schutzmaßnahmen sind dann in den weiteren Normenteilen der neuen Reihe VDE V 0185 detailliert beschrieben.}, language = {de} } @article{Kern2003, author = {Kern, Alexander}, title = {Risikomanagement f{\"u}r den Blitzschutz - Absch{\"a}tzung des Blitzschadensrisikos nach der neuen Vornorm VDE V 0185 Teil 2 : 2002}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Ein vorausschauendes Risikomanagement beinhaltet, Risiken zu kalkulieren. Es liefert Entscheidungsgrundlagen, um diese Risiken zu begrenzen und es macht transparent,welche Risiken sinnvoll {\"u}ber Versicherungen abgedeckt werden sollten. Bei Unternehmen, die mit umfangreichen elektronischenEinrichtungen produzieren oder Dienstleistungen erbringen (und das sind heutzutage wohl die meisten), muss auch das Risiko durch Blitzeinwirkungen besondere Ber{\"u}cksichtigung finden. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass der Schaden aufgrund der Nichtverf{\"u}gbarkeit der elektronischen Einrichtungen und damit derProduktion bzw. der Dienstleistung und ggf. der Verlust von Daten den Hardwareschaden an der betroffenen Anlage oft bei weitem {\"u}bersteigt.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Borchert2008, author = {Borchert, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Risikomanagement in der Energiewirtschaft : Eine Risikoanalyse der elektrizit{\"a}tswirtschaftlichen Wertsch{\"o}pfungskette}, series = {Rechtliche Grundlagen des Risikomanagements : Haftungs- und Strafvermeidung f{\"u}r Corporate Complience}, booktitle = {Rechtliche Grundlagen des Risikomanagements : Haftungs- und Strafvermeidung f{\"u}r Corporate Complience}, editor = {Romeike, Frank}, publisher = {Erich Schmidt}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-350-310647-9}, pages = {231 -- 270}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Kern2003, author = {Kern, Alexander}, title = {Risikomanagement nach DIN V 0185-2 VDE V 0185 Teil 2: 2002-11 - Einige Beispiele und erste Erfahrungen}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Die neue Vornorm VDE V 0185 Teil 2 „Risikomanagement: Absch{\"a}tzung des Schadensrisikos f{\"u}r bauliche Anlagen" [1] ist seit November 2002 g{\"u}ltig. Sie erm{\"o}glicht nicht nur die Ermittlung der Schutzklasse eines Blitzschutzsystems, sondern auch die Untersuchung zur Notwendigkeit anderer Schutzmaßnahmen gegen Blitzeinwirkungen ({\"U}berspannungsschutzger{\"a}te in Unterverteilern und/oder an Endger{\"a}ten, Schirmung des Geb{\"a}udes und/oder interner R{\"a}ume, Potentialsteuerung, Brandmelde- und Feuerl{\"o}scheinrichtungen, etc.) nach objektiven Kriterien und damit in einer f{\"u}r alle Beteiligten grunds{\"a}tzlich nachvollziehbaren Art und Weise. Dass eine solche Analyse rel. komplex sein muss und der intensiven Besch{\"a}ftigung bedarf, ist deshalb nicht verwunderlich. Die Komplexit{\"a}t des Verfahrens sollte allerdings nicht dazu f{\"u}hren, die Vornorm als Ganzes abzulehnen. Die Vornorm beruht auf dem Stand der Diskussion im internationalen Normengremium IEC TC81 WG9 Ende des Jahres 2000. Integriert wurden einige nationale Besonderheiten, die aus Sicht des zust{\"a}ndigen Normenkomitees DKE K251 erforderlich erschienen. In Deutschland konnten und k{\"o}nnen nun erste breite Erfahrungen in der Anwendung dieser Risikoanalyse gesammelt werden; in anderen L{\"a}ndern ist dies noch nicht m{\"o}glich. Diese Erfahrungen k{\"o}nnen dann, nach Diskussion im nationalen Rahmen, in die internationale Normenarbeit eingebracht werden. Im folgenden Beitrag sollen einige, seit Erscheinen der Vornorm oft wiederkehrende Fragen dargestellt und L{\"o}sungsvorschl{\"a}ge vorgestellt werden. Dabei wird auch auf die Tendenzen im internationalen Normengremium IEC TC81 WG9 eingegangen, d.h. auf den aktuellen Entwurf zur IEC 62305-2 [3]. Die L{\"o}sungsvorschl{\"a}ge werden begr{\"u}ndet, sind allerdings weitestgehend subjektive Meinung des Autors. F{\"u}r {\"u}bliche bauliche Anlagen ist die Anwendung der Vornorm rel. einfach m{\"o}glich. Auch f{\"u}r spezielle F{\"a}lle k{\"o}nnen die darin festgelegten Verfahren herangezogen werden; allerdings sind dann einige weiterf{\"u}hrende {\"U}berlegungen notwendig, die der Planer von Blitzschutzsystemen durchf{\"u}hren muss. Anhand zweier Beispiele soll die Anwendung der VDE V 0185 Teil 2 auf solche speziellen F{\"a}lle dargestellt werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{NabeBorchert1999, author = {Nabe, C. and Borchert, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Risikomanagement von EVU in liberalisierten Stromm{\"a}rkten}, series = {Liberalisierung des Energiemarktes : Vortragsmanuskripte des 5. Ferienkurses "Energieforschung" vom 27. September - 1. Oktober 1999 im Congrescentrum Rolduc und im Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich}, booktitle = {Liberalisierung des Energiemarktes : Vortragsmanuskripte des 5. Ferienkurses "Energieforschung" vom 27. September - 1. Oktober 1999 im Congrescentrum Rolduc und im Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich}, editor = {Hake, J{\"u}rgen-Friedrich}, publisher = {Forschungszentrum}, address = {J{\"u}lich}, isbn = {3-89336-248-7}, pages = {203 -- 216}, year = {1999}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KernBraun2014, author = {Kern, Alexander and Braun, Christian}, title = {Risk management according to IEC 62305-2 edition 2: 2010-12 assessment of structures with a risk of explosion}, series = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China}, booktitle = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China}, organization = {International Conference on Lightning Protection <2014, Shanghai>}, pages = {1237 -- 1242}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Risk management for structures with a risk of explosion should be considered very carefully when performing a risk analysis according to IEC 62305-2. In contrast to the 2006 edition of the standard, the 2010 edition describes the topic "Structures with a risk of explosion" in more detail. Moreover, in Germany separate procedures and parameters are defined for the risk analysis of structures with a risk of explosion (Supplement 3 of the German DIN EN 62305-2 standard). This paper describes the contents and the relevant calculations of this Supplement 3, together with a numerical example.}, language = {en} } @book{GuempelBlumhoferDoerenetal.2016, author = {G{\"u}mpel, Paul and Blumhofer, Gunter and D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter and Gebel, Wolfgang and Heimann, Winfried and Morach, Rudolf and Schmitz, Karl W.}, title = {Rostfreie St{\"a}hle : Grundwissen, Konstruktions- und Verarbeitungshinweise}, edition = {5., durchgesehene Aufl.}, publisher = {Expertverlag}, address = {Renningen}, isbn = {978-3-8169-3148-5}, pages = {248 S.}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @book{GuempelArltDoerenetal.2001, author = {G{\"u}mpel, Paul and Arlt, Norbert and D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter and Heimann, Winfried and Kiesheyer, Heinrich and Schmitz, Karl W. and Uhlig, Georg}, title = {Rostfreie St{\"a}hle : Grundwissen, Konstruktions- und Verarbeitungshinweise. 3. Aufl. Kontakt \& Studium. Bd. 493}, publisher = {expert Verl.}, address = {Renningen}, isbn = {3-8169-1735-6}, pages = {264 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.}, year = {2001}, language = {de} } @book{GuempelArltDoerenetal.2000, author = {G{\"u}mpel, Paul and Arlt, Norbert and D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter and Heimann, Winfried and Kiesheyer, H. and Schmitz, Karl W. and Uhlig, Georg}, title = {Rostfreie St{\"a}hle. Grundwissen, Konstruktions- und Verarbeitungsweise = Stainless steels. 2., aktualis. Aufl. Kontakt \& Studium. Bd. 493}, publisher = {Expert-Verl.}, address = {Renningen}, isbn = {3-8169-1735-6}, pages = {264 S.: Ill., graph. Darst.}, year = {2000}, language = {de} } @book{GuempelDoerenGebeletal.2008, author = {G{\"u}mpel, Paul and D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter and Gebel, Wolfgang and Heimann, Winfried and Morath, Rudolf and Schmitz, Karl W. and Uhlig, Georg}, title = {Rostfreie St{\"a}hle. Grundwissen, Konstruktions- und Verarbeitungsweise = Stainless steels. 4., v{\"o}llig neu bearb. Aufl. Kontakt \& Studium ; Bd. 493}, publisher = {Expert-Verl.}, address = {Renningen}, isbn = {978-3-8169-2689-4}, pages = {244 S.: Ill., graph. Darst.}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @book{GuempelArltDoerenetal.1996, author = {G{\"u}mpel, Paul and Arlt, Norbert and D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter and Heimann, Winfried and Kiesheyer, H. and Schmitz, Karl W. and Uhlig, Georg}, title = {Rostfreie St{\"a}hle. Grundwissen, Konstruktions- und Verarbeitungsweise = Stainless steels. Kontakt \& Studium. Bd. 493}, publisher = {Expert-Verl.}, address = {Renningen}, isbn = {3-8169-1080-7}, pages = {265 S.: Ill., graph. Darst.}, year = {1996}, language = {de} } @misc{ErkKlefischStellbergetal.2006, author = {Erk, Daniel and Klefisch, Andrea and Stellberg, Michael and Zimmer, Dirk}, title = {R{\"u}ckenlehne f{\"u}r einen Fahrzeugsitz}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ElDeibChudobaButenwegetal.2002, author = {El-Deib, Khaled and Chudoba, Rostislav and Butenweg, Christoph and Meskouris, Konstantin and K{\"o}nke, Carsten and Bettzieche, Volker}, title = {Safety assessment of rockfill and masonry dams}, series = {Structural dynamics - EURODYN 2002 : proceedings of the 4th [i.e. 5th] International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Munich, Germany, 2 - 5 September 2002 / ed. by H. Grundmann ... Vol. 1}, booktitle = {Structural dynamics - EURODYN 2002 : proceedings of the 4th [i.e. 5th] International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Munich, Germany, 2 - 5 September 2002 / ed. by H. Grundmann ... Vol. 1}, publisher = {Balkema}, address = {Lisse}, organization = {International Conference on Structural Dynamics <5, 2002, M{\"u}nchen>}, isbn = {90-5809-510-X}, pages = {237 -- 242}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @incollection{KollerStellberg1991, author = {Koller, R. and Stellberg, Michael}, title = {Schnappverbindungen}, series = {Handbuch der Verbindungstechnik / hrsg. von Carl-Otto Bauer}, booktitle = {Handbuch der Verbindungstechnik / hrsg. von Carl-Otto Bauer}, publisher = {Hanser}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {3-446-14609-1}, pages = {294 -- 324}, year = {1991}, language = {de} } @incollection{Doeren2008, author = {D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter}, title = {Schweißtechnische Verarbeitung nichtrostender St{\"a}hle}, series = {Rostfreie St{\"a}hle. Grundwissen, Konstruktions- und Verarbeitungshinweise}, booktitle = {Rostfreie St{\"a}hle. Grundwissen, Konstruktions- und Verarbeitungshinweise}, editor = {G{\"u}mpel, Paul}, publisher = {Expert Verlag}, address = {Renningen}, isbn = {978-3-8169-2689-4}, pages = {140 -- 174}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MeskourisHoltschoppenButenwegetal.2011, author = {Meskouris, Konstantin and Holtschoppen, Britta and Butenweg, Christoph and Rosin, Julia}, title = {Seismic analysis of liquid storage tanks}, series = {Earthquake Geology and Archaeology: Science, Society and Critical facilities : proceedings ; 2nd INQUA-IGCP 567 International Workshop on Active Tectonics, Earthquake Geology, Archaeology and Engineering ; 19-24 September 2011, Corinth (Greece) / Eds.: C. Gr{\"u}tzner ; R. P{\´e}rez-Lopez ; T. Fern{\´a}ndez Steeger ; I. Papanikolaou ; K. Reicherter ; P. G. Silva ; A. V{\"o}tt. Volume 2}, booktitle = {Earthquake Geology and Archaeology: Science, Society and Critical facilities : proceedings ; 2nd INQUA-IGCP 567 International Workshop on Active Tectonics, Earthquake Geology, Archaeology and Engineering ; 19-24 September 2011, Corinth (Greece) / Eds.: C. Gr{\"u}tzner ; R. P{\´e}rez-Lopez ; T. Fern{\´a}ndez Steeger ; I. Papanikolaou ; K. Reicherter ; P. G. Silva ; A. V{\"o}tt. Volume 2}, publisher = {The Natural hazards Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens}, address = {Athens}, organization = {International Workshop on Active Tectonics, Earthquake Geology, Archaeology and Engineering <2, 2011, Corinth>}, isbn = {978-960-466-093-3}, pages = {136 -- 139}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MeskourisButenwegMistleretal.2004, author = {Meskouris, Konstantin and Butenweg, Christoph and Mistler, Michael and Kuhlmann, Wolfram}, title = {Seismic behaviour of historic masonry buildings}, series = {7th National Congress on Mechanics : Chania, Crete, June 24 - 26, 2004 ; proceedings / ed. A. Kounadis ....}, booktitle = {7th National Congress on Mechanics : Chania, Crete, June 24 - 26, 2004 ; proceedings / ed. A. Kounadis ....}, publisher = {Hellenic Society for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics}, address = {Chania}, organization = {National Congress on Mechanics <7, 2004, Chania, Crete>}, pages = {47 -- 49}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MarinkovicButenweg2020, author = {Marinkovic, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic behaviour of RC frames with uncoupled masonry infills having two storeys or two bays}, series = {Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry. Proceedings of the 17th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference}, booktitle = {Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry. Proceedings of the 17th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1201/9781003098508-72}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Reinforced concrete (RC) structures with masonry infills are widely used for several types of buildings all over the world. However, it is well known that traditional masonry infills constructed with rigid contact to the surrounding RC frame performed rather poor in past earthquakes. Masonry infills showed severe in-plane damages and failed in many cases under out-of-plane seismic loading. As the undesired interactions between frames and infills changes the load transfer on building level, complete collapses of buildings were observed. A possible solution is uncoupling of masonry infills to the frame to reduce the infill contribution activated by the frame deformation under horizontal loading. The paper presents numerical simulations on RC frames equipped with the innovative decoupling system INODIS. The system was developed within the European project INSYSME and allows an effective uncoupling of frame and infill. The simulations are carried out with a micro-modelling approach, which is able to predict the complex nonlinear behaviour resulting from the different materials and their interaction. Each brick is modelled individually and connected taking into account nonlinearity of a brick mortar interface. The calibration of the model is based on small specimen tests and experimental results for one bay one storey frame are used for the validation. The validated model is further used for parametric studies on two storey and two bay infilled frames. The response and change of the structural stiffness are analysed and compared to the traditionally infilled frame. The results confirm the effectiveness of the INODIS system with less damage and relatively low contribution of the infill at high drift levels. In contrast to the uncoupled system configurations, traditionally infilled frames experienced brittle failure at rather low drift levels.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Butenweg2022, author = {Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic design and evaluation of industrial facilities}, series = {The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology}, booktitle = {The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology}, editor = {Vacareanu, Radu and Ionescu, Constantin}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-15103-3}, issn = {2524-342X}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-15104-0}, pages = {449 -- 464}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Industrial facilities must be thoroughly designed to withstand seismic actions as they exhibit an increased loss potential due to the possibly wideranging damage consequences and the valuable process engineering equipment. Past earthquakes showed the social and political consequences of seismic damage to industrial facilities and sensitized the population and politicians worldwide for the possible hazard emanating from industrial facilities. However, a holistic approach for the seismic design of industrial facilities can presently neither be found in national nor in international standards. The introduction of EN 1998-4 of the new generation of Eurocode 8 will improve the normative situation with specific seismic design rules for silos, tanks and pipelines and secondary process components. The article presents essential aspects of the seismic design of industrial facilities based on the new generation of Eurocode 8 using the example of tank structures and secondary process components. The interaction effects of the process components with the primary structure are illustrated by means of the experimental results of a shaking table test of a three story moment resisting steel frame with different process components. Finally, an integrated approach of digital plant models based on building information modelling (BIM) and structural health monitoring (SHM) is presented, which provides not only a reliable decision-making basis for operation, maintenance and repair but also an excellent tool for rapid assessment of seismic damage.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RosinKubalskiButenweg2014, author = {Rosin, Julia and Kubalski, Thomas and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic Design of cylindrical liquid storage tanks}, series = {Seismic design of industrial facilities : proceedings of the International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF-Conference) ; [Aachen, 26. - 27. September 2013] / Chair of Structural Statics and Dynamics, RWTH Aachen. Sven Klinkel ..., ed.}, booktitle = {Seismic design of industrial facilities : proceedings of the International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF-Conference) ; [Aachen, 26. - 27. September 2013] / Chair of Structural Statics and Dynamics, RWTH Aachen. Sven Klinkel ..., ed.}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, organization = {International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities <2013, Aachen>}, isbn = {978-3-658-02810-7 (E-Book) ; 978-3-658-02809-1 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-02810-7_36}, pages = {429 -- 440}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @book{KlinkelButenwegLinetal.2014, author = {Klinkel, Sven and Butenweg, Christoph and Lin, Gao and Holtschoppen, Britta}, title = {Seismic design of industrial facilities : Proceedings of the International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF) / Sven Klinkel, Christoph Butenweg, Gao Lin, Britta Holtschoppen Editors}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, organization = {International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities }, isbn = {978-3-658-02809-1 (Print) ; 978-365-80281-0-7 (E-Book)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-02810-7}, pages = {XIII, 450 S.}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ButenwegHoltschoppen2014, author = {Butenweg, Christoph and Holtschoppen, Britta}, title = {Seismic design of industrial facilities in Germany}, series = {Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities : proceedings of the International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF-Conference) : Aachen, 26. - 27.9.2013}, booktitle = {Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities : proceedings of the International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF-Conference) : Aachen, 26. - 27.9.2013}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-02809-1 ; 3-658-02809-2 (Print) ; 978-3-658-02810-7 (E-Book)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-02810-7_6}, pages = {63 -- 74}, year = {2014}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ReindlParkNordaetal.2010, author = {Reindl, Lukas and Park, Jin and Norda, Hannah and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic design of masonry walls subject to out-of-plane bending}, series = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : Valencia, Spain, 14 - 17 September 2010 / organised in association with: Universidad Politecnica de Valencia ... Ed. by B. H. V. Topping ...}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : Valencia, Spain, 14 - 17 September 2010 / organised in association with: Universidad Politecnica de Valencia ... Ed. by B. H. V. Topping ...}, publisher = {Civil-Comp Press}, address = {Kippen}, organization = {International Conference on Computational Structures Technology <10, 2010, Valencia>}, isbn = {978-1-905088-36-2}, doi = {10.4203/ccp.93.348}, pages = {Paper 348}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{HoltschoppenButenwegMeskouris2009, author = {Holtschoppen, Britta and Butenweg, Christoph and Meskouris, Konstantin}, title = {Seismic design of non-structural components in industrial facilities}, series = {International journal of engineering under uncertainty}, volume = {Volume 1}, journal = {International journal of engineering under uncertainty}, issn = {0975-4806}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @incollection{ButenwegHoltschoppen2019, author = {Butenweg, Christoph and Holtschoppen, Britta}, title = {Seismic design of structures and components in industrial units}, series = {Structural Dynamics with Applications in Earthquake and Wind Engineering}, booktitle = {Structural Dynamics with Applications in Earthquake and Wind Engineering}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-57550-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-57550-5_5}, pages = {359 -- 481}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Industrial units consist of the primary load-carrying structure and various process engineering components, the latter being by far the most important in financial terms. In addition, supply structures such as free-standing tanks and silos are usually required for each plant to ensure the supply of material and product storage. Thus, for the earthquake-proof design of industrial plants, design and construction rules are required for the primary structures, the secondary structures and the supply structures. Within the framework of these rules, possible interactions of primary and secondary structures must also be taken into account. Importance factors are used in seismic design in order to take into account the usually higher risk potential of an industrial unit compared to conventional building structures. Industrial facilities must be able to withstand seismic actions because of possibly wide-ranging damage consequences in addition to losses due to production standstill and the destruction of valuable equipment. The chapter presents an integrated concept for the seismic design of industrial units based on current seismic standards and the latest research results. Special attention is devoted to the seismic design of steel thin-walled silos and tank structures.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WagnerNohButenwegetal.2002, author = {Wagner, R. and Noh, S.-Y. and Butenweg, Christoph and Meskouris, Konstantin}, title = {Seismic excited granular material silos}, series = {Structural dynamics - EURODYN 2002 : proceedings of the 4th [i.e. 5th] International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Munich, Germany, 2 - 5 September 2002 / ed. by H. Grundmann ...}, booktitle = {Structural dynamics - EURODYN 2002 : proceedings of the 4th [i.e. 5th] International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Munich, Germany, 2 - 5 September 2002 / ed. by H. Grundmann ...}, publisher = {Balkema}, address = {Lisse}, organization = {European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN <5, 2002, M{\"u}nchen>}, isbn = {90-5809-511-8}, pages = {253 -- 258}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RajanHoltschoppenDalgueretal.2016, author = {Rajan, Sreelakshmy and Holtschoppen, B. and Dalguer, L. A. and Klinkel, S. and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic fragility analysis of a non-conventional reinforced concrete structure considering different uncertainties}, series = {Proceedings of ISMA2016, International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering/USD2016, International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics, / ISMA 2016, USD 2016}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ISMA2016, International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering/USD2016, International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics, / ISMA 2016, USD 2016}, editor = {Sas, P.}, publisher = {KU Leuven}, address = {Leuven}, pages = {4213 -- 4225}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @techreport{ButenwegKaiser2014, author = {Butenweg, Christoph and Kaiser, Diethelm}, title = {Seismic hazard harmonisation in Europe (SHARE) : DGEB-Workshop in Frankfurt a.M., Germany, 27. May 2014 / Christoph Butenweg, Diethelm Kaiser (editors)}, publisher = {DGEB}, address = {Aachen}, organization = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Erdbeben-Ingenieurwesen und Baudynamik}, isbn = {3-930108-12-7}, pages = {V, 117 S.}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmittRosinButenweg2018, author = {Schmitt, Timo and Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic Impact And Design Of Buried Pipelines}, series = {16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018}, booktitle = {16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Seismic design of buried pipeline systems for energy and water supply is not only important for plant and operational safety but also for the maintenance of the supply infrastructure after an earthquake. The present paper shows special issues of the seismic wave impacts on buried pipelines, describes calculation methods, proposes approaches and gives calculation examples. This paper regards the effects of transient displacement differences and resulting tensions within the pipeline due to the wave propagation of the earthquake. However, the presented model can also be used to calculate fault rupture induced displacements. Based on a three-dimensional Finite Element Model parameter studies are performed to show the influence of several parameters such as incoming wave angle, wave velocity, backfill height and synthetic displacement time histories. The interaction between the pipeline and the surrounding soil is modeled with non-linear soil springs and the propagating wave is simulated affecting the pipeline punctually, independently in time and space. Special attention is given to long-distance heat pipeline systems. Here, in regular distances expansion bends are arranged to ensure movements of the pipeline due to high temperature. Such expansion bends are usually designed with small bending radii, which during the earthquake lead to high bending stresses in the cross-section of the pipeline. Finally, an interpretation of the results and recommendations are given for the most critical parameters.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RosinButenweg2014, author = {Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic isolation of cylindrical liquid storage tanks}, series = {Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2014 Porto, Portugal, 30 June - 2 July 2014 / A. Cunha, E. Caetano, .... (eds.)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2014 Porto, Portugal, 30 June - 2 July 2014 / A. Cunha, E. Caetano, .... (eds.)}, address = {Porto}, organization = {European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN <9, 2014, Porto>}, isbn = {978-972-752-165-4}, pages = {3145 -- 3152}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RosinKubalskiButenweg2013, author = {Rosin, Julia and Kubalski, Thomas and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic isolation of cylindrical liquid storage tanks}, series = {Seismic design of industrial facilities}, booktitle = {Seismic design of industrial facilities}, editor = {Klinkel, Sven and Butenweg, Christoph and Lin, Gao and Holtschoppen, Britta}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-02810-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-02810-7_36}, pages = {429 -- 440}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Seismic excited liquid filled tanks are subjected to extreme loading due to hydrodynamic pressures, which can lead to nonlinear stability failure of the thinwalled cylindrical tanks, as it is known from past earthquakes. A significant reduction of the seismically induced loads can be obtained by the application of base isolation systems, which have to be designed carefully with respect to the modified hydrodynamic behaviour of the tank in interaction with the liquid. For this reason a highly sophisticated fluid-structure interaction model has to be applied for a realistic simulation of the overall dynamic system. In the following, such a model is presented and compared with the results of simplified mathematical models for rigidly supported tanks. Finally, it is examined to what extent a simple mechanical model can represent the behaviour of a base isolated tank in case of seismic excitation}, language = {en} } @article{ButenwegBursiPaolaccietal.2021, author = {Butenweg, Christoph and Bursi, Oreste S. and Paolacci, Fabrizio and Marinković, Marko and Lanese, Igor and Nardin, Chiara and Quinci, Gianluca}, title = {Seismic performance of an industrial multi-storey frame structure with process equipment subjected to shake table testing}, series = {Engineering Structures}, volume = {243}, journal = {Engineering Structures}, number = {15}, editor = {Yang, J.}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0141-0296}, doi = {10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112681}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Past earthquakes demonstrated the high vulnerability of industrial facilities equipped with complex process technologies leading to serious damage of process equipment and multiple and simultaneous release of hazardous substances. Nonetheless, current standards for seismic design of industrial facilities are considered inadequate to guarantee proper safety conditions against exceptional events entailing loss of containment and related consequences. On these premises, the SPIF project -Seismic Performance of Multi-Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities- was proposed within the framework of the European H2020 SERA funding scheme. In detail, the objective of the SPIF project is the investigation of the seismic behaviour of a representative industrial multi-storey frame structure equipped with complex process components by means of shaking table tests. Along this main vein and in a performance-based design perspective, the issues investigated in depth are the interaction between a primary moment resisting frame (MRF) steel structure and secondary process components that influence the performance of the whole system; and a proper check of floor spectra predictions. The evaluation of experimental data clearly shows a favourable performance of the MRF structure, some weaknesses of local details due to the interaction between floor crossbeams and process components and, finally, the overconservatism of current design standards w.r.t. floor spectra predictions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ButenwegMarinkovićPaveseetal.2021, author = {Butenweg, Christoph and Marinković, Marko and Pavese, Alberto and Lanese, Igor and Hoffmeister, Benno and Pinkawa, Marius and Vulcu, Mihai-Cristian and Bursi, Oreste and Nardin, Chiara and Paolacci, Fabrizio and Quinci, Gianluca and Fragiadakis, Michalis and Weber, Felix and Huber, Peter and Renault, Philippe and G{\"u}ndel, Max and Dyke, Shirley and Ciucci, M. and Marino, A.}, title = {Seismic performance of multi-component systems in special risk industrial facilities}, series = {Proceedings of the seventeenth world conference on earthquake engineering}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the seventeenth world conference on earthquake engineering}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Past earthquakes demonstrated the high vulnerability of industrial facilities equipped with complex process technologies leading to serious damage of the process equipment and multiple and simultaneous release of hazardous substances in industrial facilities. Nevertheless, the design of industrial plants is inadequately described in recent codes and guidelines, as they do not consider the dynamic interaction between the structure and the installations and thus the effect of seismic response of the installations on the response of the structure and vice versa. The current code-based approach for the seismic design of industrial facilities is considered not enough for ensure proper safety conditions against exceptional event entailing loss of content and related consequences. Accordingly, SPIF project (Seismic Performance of Multi- Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities) was proposed within the framework of the European H2020 - SERA funding scheme (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe). The objective of the SPIF project is the investigation of the seismic behavior of a representative industrial structure equipped with complex process technology by means of shaking table tests. The test structure is a three-story moment resisting steel frame with vertical and horizontal vessels and cabinets, arranged on the three levels and connected by pipes. The dynamic behavior of the test structure and installations is investigated with and without base isolation. Furthermore, both firmly anchored and isolated components are taken into account to compare their dynamic behavior and interactions with each other. Artificial and synthetic ground motions are applied to study the seismic response at different PGA levels. After each test, dynamic identification measurements are carried out to characterize the system condition. The contribution presents the numerical simulations to calibrate the tests on the prototype, the experimental setup of the investigated structure and installations, selected measurement data and finally describes preliminary experimental results.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ButenwegMistler2006, author = {Butenweg, Christoph and Mistler, Michael}, title = {Seismic resistance of unreinforced masonry buildings}, series = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : [Las Palmas de Cran Canaria, 12-15 September 2006] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping ...}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : [Las Palmas de Cran Canaria, 12-15 September 2006] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping ...}, publisher = {Civil-Comp Press}, address = {Stirling}, organization = {International Conference on Computational Structures Technology <8, 2006, Las Palmas>}, isbn = {1-905088-06-X}, doi = {10.4203/ccp.83.9}, pages = {Paper 9}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{MykoniouButenwegHoltschoppenetal.2016, author = {Mykoniou, Konstantin and Butenweg, Christoph and Holtschoppen, Britta and Klinkel, Sven}, title = {Seismic response analysis of adjacent liquid-storage tanks}, series = {Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics}, volume = {45}, journal = {Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1096-9845 (E-Journal); 0098-8847 (Print)}, doi = {10.1002/eqe.2726}, pages = {1779 -- 1796}, year = {2016}, abstract = {A refined substructure technique in the frequency domain is developed, which permits consideration of the interaction effects among adjacent containers through the supporting deformable soil medium. The tank-liquid systems are represented by means of mechanical models, whereas discrete springs and dashpots stand for the soil beneath the foundations. The proposed model is employed to assess the responses of adjacent circular, cylindrical tanks for harmonic and seismic excitations over wide range of tank proportions and soil conditions. The influence of the number, spatial arrangement of the containers and their distance on the overall system's behavior is addressed. The results indicate that the cross-interaction effects can substantially alter the impulsive components of response of each individual element in a tank farm. The degree of this impact is primarily controlled by the tank proportions and the proximity of the predominant natural frequencies of the shell-liquid-soil systems and the input seismic motion. The group effects should be not a priori disregarded, unless the tanks are founded on shallow soil deposit overlying very stiff material or bedrock.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ButenwegRosinKubalski2013, author = {Butenweg, Christoph and Rosin, Julia and Kubalski, Thomas}, title = {Seismic response of conventional and base-isolated liquid storage tanks}, series = {International Conference on Earthquake Engineering : 29.-31.05.2013, Skopje, Mazedonien}, booktitle = {International Conference on Earthquake Engineering : 29.-31.05.2013, Skopje, Mazedonien}, organization = {International Conference on Earthquake Engineering <2013, Skopje>}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{CacciatoreButenweg2020, author = {Cacciatore, Pamela and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic safety of cylindrical granular material steel silos under seismic loading}, series = {Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020}, booktitle = {Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020}, publisher = {Apprimus Verlag}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {978-3-86359-729-0}, pages = {231 -- 244}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GellertParkButenweg2010, author = {Gellert, Christoph and Park, Jin and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic safety verification of masonry structures}, series = {Proceedings of the Eight International Masonry Conference : held in Dresden from 4th to 7th of July 2010 / [International Masonry Society ; Technische Universit{\"a}t Dresden]. Ed. by: Wolfram J{\"a}ger ... Volume 1. (Masonry / International Masonry Society Special Publication ; 11)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eight International Masonry Conference : held in Dresden from 4th to 7th of July 2010 / [International Masonry Society ; Technische Universit{\"a}t Dresden]. Ed. by: Wolfram J{\"a}ger ... Volume 1. (Masonry / International Masonry Society Special Publication ; 11)}, publisher = {ARGE 8IMC Dresden}, address = {Radebeul}, organization = {International Masonry Conference <8, 2010, Dresden>}, isbn = {978-3-00-031381-3}, pages = {813 -- 822}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TomićPennaDeJongetal.2020, author = {Tomić, Igor and Penna, Andrea and DeJong, Matthew and Butenweg, Christoph and Correia, Ant{\´o}nio A. and Candeias, Paulo X. and Senaldi, Ilaria and Guerrini, Gabriele and Malomo, Daniele and Beyer, Katrin}, title = {Seismic testing of adjacent interacting masonry structures}, series = {12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2020)}, booktitle = {12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2020)}, doi = {10.23967/sahc.2021.234}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In many historical centres in Europe, stone masonry buildings are part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. In these aggregates, adjacent buildings share structural walls to support floors and roofs. Meanwhile, the masonry walls of the fa{\c{c}}ades of adjacent buildings are often connected by dry joints since adjacent buildings were constructed at different times. Observations after for example the recent Central Italy earthquakes showed that the dry joints between the building units were often the first elements to be damaged. As a result, the joints opened up leading to pounding between the building units and a complicated interaction at floor and roof beam supports. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines do not exist. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The objective of the project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures), included in the H2020 project SERA, is to provide such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. The test unit is built at half-scale, with a two-storey building and a one-storey building. The buildings share one common wall while the fa{\c{c}}ade walls are connected by dry joints. The floors are at different heights leading to a complex dynamic response of this smallest possible building aggregate. The shake table test is conducted at the LNEC seismic testing facility. The testing sequence comprises four levels of shaking: 25\%, 50\%, 75\% and 100\% of nominal shaking table capacity. Extensive instrumentation, including accelerometers, displacement transducers and optical measurement systems, provides detailed information on the building aggregate response. Special attention is paid to the interface opening, the globa}, language = {en} }