@article{PieperIvanyshyn2008, author = {Pieper, Martin and Ivanyshyn, Olha}, title = {Nonlinear integral equations for a 3D inverse acoustic scattering problem : abstract / O. Ivanyshyn and M. Pieper}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{PieperKlein2011, author = {Pieper, Martin and Klein, Peter}, title = {A simple and accurate numerical network flow model for bionic micro heat exchangers}, series = {Heat mass transfer}, volume = {47}, journal = {Heat mass transfer}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {0947-7411}, pages = {491 -- 503}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{PieperKlein2012, author = {Pieper, Martin and Klein, Peter}, title = {Application of simple, periodic homogenization techniques to non-linear heat conduction problems in non-periodic, porous media}, series = {Heat mass transfer}, volume = {48}, journal = {Heat mass transfer}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0947-7411}, doi = {10.1007/s00231-011-0879-4}, pages = {291 -- 300}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Often, detailed simulations of heat conduction in complicated, porous media have large runtimes. Then homogenization is a powerful tool to speed up the calculations by preserving accurate solutions at the same time. Unfortunately real structures are generally non-periodic, which requires unpractical, complicated homogenization techniques. We demonstrate in this paper, that the application of simple, periodic techniques to realistic media, that are just close to periodic, gives accurate, approximative solutions. In order to obtain effective parameters for the homogenized heat equation, we have to solve a so called "cell problem". In contrast to periodic structures it is not trivial to determine a suitable unit cell, which represents a non-periodic media. To overcome this problem, we give a rule of thumb on how to choose a good cell. Finally we demonstrate the efficiency of our method for virtually generated foams as well as real foams and compare these results to periodic structures.}, language = {en} } @article{PieperKlein2010, author = {Pieper, Martin and Klein, Peter}, title = {Numerical solution of the heat equation with non-linear, time derivative-dependent source term}, series = {International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering}, volume = {84}, journal = {International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Chichester}, issn = {0029-5981}, doi = {10.1002/nme.2937}, pages = {1205 -- 1221}, year = {2010}, abstract = {The mathematical modeling of heat conduction with adsorption effects in coated metal structures yields the heat equation with piecewise smooth coefficients and a new kind of source term. This term is special, because it is non-linear and furthermore depends on a time derivative. In our approach we reformulated this as a new problem for the usual heat equation, without source term but with a new non-linear coefficient. We gave an existence and uniqueness proof for the weak solution of the reformulated problem. To obtain a numerical solution, we developed a semi-implicit and a fully implicit finite volume method. We compared these two methods theoretically as well as numerically. Finally, as practical application, we simulated the heat conduction in coated aluminum fibers with adsorption in the zeolite coating. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, language = {en} } @article{PredelGerdesGerling1979, author = {Predel, Bruno and Gerdes, F. and Gerling, Ulrich}, title = {Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Assoziation in der Dampfphase bei Aktivit{\"a}tsbestimmungen und Revision der Aktivit{\"a}ten fl{\"u}ssiger Legierungen der Systeme Selen-Thallium, Selen-Wismut und Selen-Antimon}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Metallkunde : international journal of materials research and advanced techniques. Bd. 70, H. 2}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Metallkunde : international journal of materials research and advanced techniques. Bd. 70, H. 2}, issn = {0044-3093 ; 0179-4841}, pages = {109 -- 112}, year = {1979}, language = {de} } @article{RateikeSiebourgSchmidetal.1990, author = {Rateike, Franz-Matthias and Siebourg, W. and Schmid, H. and Anders, S.}, title = {Birefringence - An important property of plastic substrates for magneto-optical storage disks / W. Siebourg ; H. Schmid ; F. M. Rateike ; S. Anders ; U. Grigo ; H. L{\"o}wer}, series = {Polymer engineering \& science / Society of Plastics Engineers. 30 (1990), H. 18}, journal = {Polymer engineering \& science / Society of Plastics Engineers. 30 (1990), H. 18}, isbn = {0032-3888}, pages = {1133 -- 1139}, year = {1990}, language = {en} } @article{RateikeWeyerWiedenmannetal.1981, author = {Rateike, Franz-Matthias and Weyer, K. G. and Wiedenmann, H. and MacGillivray, W. R.}, title = {Observation of absorptive optical bistability in a fabry-perot cavity containing multiple atomic beams / K. G. Weyer ; H. Wiedenmann ; M. Rateike ; W. R. Mac Gillivray ; P. Meystre ; H. Walther}, series = {Optics communications. 37 (1981), H. 6}, journal = {Optics communications. 37 (1981), H. 6}, isbn = {0030-4018}, pages = {426 -- 430}, year = {1981}, language = {en} } @article{RathMottaghy2014, author = {Rath, V. and Mottaghy, Darius}, title = {Klimainformation aus dem Untergrund?}, series = {Geographische Rundschau}, volume = {66}, journal = {Geographische Rundschau}, number = {7-8}, publisher = {Westermann}, address = {Braunschweig}, issn = {0016-7460}, pages = {30 -- 36}, year = {2014}, language = {de} } @article{RathMottaghy2007, author = {Rath, V. and Mottaghy, Darius}, title = {Smooth inversion for ground surface temperature histories: estimating the optimum regularization parameter by generalized cross-validation}, series = {Geophysical Journal International}, volume = {171}, journal = {Geophysical Journal International}, number = {3}, issn = {1365-246X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03587.x}, pages = {1440 -- 1448}, year = {2007}, language = {en} } @article{RegerKuhnhenneHachuletal.2019, author = {Reger, Vitali and Kuhnhenne, Markus and Hachul, Helmut and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Blanke, Tobias and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim}, title = {Plusenergiegeb{\"a}ude 2.0 in Stahlleichtbauweise}, series = {Stahlbau}, volume = {88}, journal = {Stahlbau}, number = {6}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1437-1049 (E-journal), 0038-9145 (print)}, doi = {10.1002/stab.201900034}, pages = {522 -- 528}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{RenaultButenwegMeskouris2005, author = {Renault, Philippe and Butenweg, Christoph and Meskouris, Konstantin}, title = {Beurteilung der Erdbebensicherheit von bestehenden Br{\"u}ckenbauwerken am Beispiel der Rheinbr{\"u}cke Emmerich}, series = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau}, volume = {Volume 100}, journal = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau}, number = {Issue 7}, issn = {1437-1006 (E-Journal); 0005-9900 (Print)}, doi = {10.1002/best.200590145}, pages = {574 -- 581}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{RiekeStollenwerkDahmenetal.2018, author = {Rieke, Christian and Stollenwerk, Dominik and Dahmen, Markus and Pieper, Martin}, title = {Modeling and optimization of a biogas plant for a demand-driven energy supply}, series = {Energy}, volume = {145}, journal = {Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0360-5442}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.073}, pages = {657 -- 664}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Due to the Renewable Energy Act, in Germany it is planned to increase the amount of renewable energy carriers up to 60\%. One of the main problems is the fluctuating supply of wind and solar energy. Here biogas plants provide a solution, because a demand-driven supply is possible. Before running such a plant, it is necessary to simulate and optimize the process. This paper provides a new model of a biogas plant, which is as accurate as the standard ADM1 model. The advantage compared to ADM1 is that it is based on only four parameters compared to 28. Applying this model, an optimization was installed, which allows a demand-driven supply by biogas plants. Finally the results are confirmed by several experiments and measurements with a real test plant.}, language = {en} } @article{RochefortVerverGrunendahletal.2005, author = {Rochefort, E. de and Verver, M. and Grunendahl, A. and Mooi, H. and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Detailed modelling of the lumbar spine for investigations of low back pain}, series = {SAE transactions : papers presented at Society and Section meetings / Society of Automotive Engineers}, volume = {Volume 114}, journal = {SAE transactions : papers presented at Society and Section meetings / Society of Automotive Engineers}, number = {Part 7}, organization = {Society of Automotive Engineers}, issn = {0096-736X}, pages = {788 -- 796}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{RosenauerOberstLitvinovetal.2000, author = {Rosenauer, A. and Oberst, W. and Litvinov, D. and Gerthsen, D. and F{\"o}rster, Arnold and Schmidt, R.}, title = {Structural and Chemical Investigation of In-0.6Ga0.4As Stranski-Krastanow Layers Burried in GaAs by Transmission Electron Microscopy}, series = {Physical Review B. 61 (2000), H. 12}, journal = {Physical Review B. 61 (2000), H. 12}, isbn = {1095-3795}, pages = {8276 -- 8288}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{RosinButenwegCacciatoreetal.2018, author = {Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph and Cacciatore, Pamela and Boesen, Niklas}, title = {Investigation of the seismic performance of modern masonry buildings during the Emilia Romagna earthquake series}, series = {Mauerwerk}, volume = {22}, journal = {Mauerwerk}, number = {4}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1437-1022}, doi = {10.1002/dama.201800013}, pages = {238 -- 250}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The article presents the investigation of the seismic behaviour of a modern URM building located in the municipality of Finale Emilia in province of Modena, Northern Italy. The building is situated in the centre of the series of the 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes and has not suffered any damage during the earthquake series in 2012. The observed earthquake resistance of the building is compared with predicted resistances based on linear and nonlinear design approaches according to Eurocode. Furthermore, probabilistic analyses based on nonlinear calculation models taking into account scattering of the most relevant input parameters are carried out to identify their influence to the results and to derive fragility curves.}, language = {en} } @article{RosinButenwegKlinkel2016, author = {Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven}, title = {Stabilit{\"a}tsnachweis f{\"u}r seismisch beanspruchte Tankbauwerke nach dem LBA/MNA-Konzept}, series = {Bauingenieur}, volume = {91}, journal = {Bauingenieur}, number = {12}, publisher = {VDI Fachmedien}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {0005-6650}, doi = {10.37544/0005-6650-2016-12-74}, pages = {518 -- 526}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Eine seismische Anregung verursacht in einem Fl{\"u}ssigkeitstank einen kombinierten Spannungszustand, was zu einem Stabilit{\"a}tsversagen der h{\"a}ufig sehr d{\"u}nnwandigen Konstruktionen f{\"u}hren kann. F{\"u}r die Durchf{\"u}hrung von Stabilit{\"a}tsnachweisen stehen verschiedene Verfahren zur Verf{\"u}gung. {\"U}blicherweise werden aus Gr{\"u}nden der Einfachheit spannungsbasierte Verfahren angewendet. Diese sind f{\"u}r Einheitslastf{\"a}lle experimentell abgesichert, wobei eine {\"U}bertragung auf kombinierte Spannungszust{\"a}nde wie im Erdbebenfall nur begrenzt m{\"o}glich ist. Alternativ kann ein globales, numerisches Konzept, das LBA/MNA-Verfahren, angewendet werden. Das Verfahren kombiniert eine materiell nichtlineare Berechnung (MNA) mit einer linearen Beulanalyse (LBA) und erfasst die Interaktion verschiedener gleichzeitig auftretender Beanspruchungen implizit im Nachweis. Dieser Beitrag demonstriert die Anwendung der Verfahren am Beispiel verschiedener Tankgeometrien mit H{\"o}he/Radius-Verh{\"a}ltnissen zwischen 1 ≤ H/R ≤ 2 und Radius/Tankwand-Verh{\"a}ltnissen zwischen 500 ≤ R/t ≤ 1000 und diskutiert zus{\"a}tzlich die Defizite der spannungsbasierten Nachweisverfahren.}, language = {de} } @article{RossiHoltschoppenButenweg2019, author = {Rossi, Leonardo and Holtschoppen, Britta and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Official data on the economic consequences of the 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake: a first analysis of database SFINGE}, series = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, volume = {17}, journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007\%2Fs10518-019-00655-8}, pages = {4855 -- 4884}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{RossiParisiCasarietal.2019, author = {Rossi, Leonardo and Parisi, Davide and Casari, Chiara and Montanari, Luca and Ruggieri, Gabriella and Holtschoppen, Britta and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Empirical Data about Direct Economic Consequences of Emilia-Romagna 2012 Earthquake on Long-Span-Beam Buildings}, series = {Earthquake Spectra}, volume = {35}, journal = {Earthquake Spectra}, number = {4}, issn = {1944-8201}, doi = {10.1193/100118EQS224DP}, pages = {1979 -- 2001}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{RossiStupazziniParisietal.2019, author = {Rossi, Leonardo and Stupazzini, Marco and Parisi, Davide and Holtschoppen, Britta and Ruggieri, Gabriella and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Empirical fragility functions and loss curves for long-span-beam buildings based on the 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake official database}, series = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, volume = {18}, journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1573-1456}, doi = {10.1007/s10518-019-00759-1}, pages = {1693 -- 1721}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake, that mainly struck the homonymous Italian region provoking 28 casualties and damage to thousands of structures and infrastructures, is an exceptional source of information to question, investigate, and challenge the validity of seismic fragility functions and loss curves from an empirical standpoint. Among the most recent seismic events taking place in Europe, that of Emilia-Romagna is quite likely one of the best documented, not only in terms of experienced damages, but also for what concerns occurred losses and necessary reconstruction costs. In fact, in order to manage the compensations in a fair way both to citizens and business owners, soon after the seismic sequence, the regional administrative authority started (1) collecting damage and consequence-related data, (2) evaluating information sources and (3) taking care of the cross-checking of various reports. A specific database—so-called Sistema Informativo Gestione Europa (SFINGE)—was devoted to damaged business activities. As a result, 7 years after the seismic events, scientists can rely on a one-of-a-kind, vast and consistent database, containing information about (among other things): (1) buildings' location and dimensions, (2) occurred structural damages, (3) experienced direct economic losses and (4) related reconstruction costs. The present work is focused on a specific data subset of SFINGE, whose elements are Long-Span-Beam buildings (mostly precast) deployed for business activities in industry, trade or agriculture. With the available set of data, empirical fragility functions, cost and loss ratio curves are elaborated, that may be included within existing Performance Based Earthquake Engineering assessment toolkits.}, language = {en} } @article{RossiWinandsButenweg2022, author = {Rossi, Leonardo and Winands, Mark H. M. and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Monte Carlo Tree Search as an intelligent search tool in structural design problems}, series = {Engineering with Computers : An International Journal for Simulation-Based Engineering}, volume = {38}, journal = {Engineering with Computers : An International Journal for Simulation-Based Engineering}, number = {4}, editor = {Zhang, Jessica}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, issn = {1435-5663}, doi = {10.1007/s00366-021-01338-2}, pages = {3219 -- 3236}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a search technique that in the last decade emerged as a major breakthrough for Artificial Intelligence applications regarding board- and video-games. In 2016, AlphaGo, an MCTS-based software agent, outperformed the human world champion of the board game Go. This game was for long considered almost infeasible for machines, due to its immense search space and the need for a long-term strategy. Since this historical success, MCTS is considered as an effective new approach for many other scientific and technical problems. Interestingly, civil structural engineering, as a discipline, offers many tasks whose solution may benefit from intelligent search and in particular from adopting MCTS as a search tool. In this work, we show how MCTS can be adapted to search for suitable solutions of a structural engineering design problem. The problem consists of choosing the load-bearing elements in a reference reinforced concrete structure, so to achieve a set of specific dynamic characteristics. In the paper, we report the results obtained by applying both a plain and a hybrid version of single-agent MCTS. The hybrid approach consists of an integration of both MCTS and classic Genetic Algorithm (GA), the latter also serving as a term of comparison for the results. The study's outcomes may open new perspectives for the adoption of MCTS as a design tool for civil engineers.}, language = {en} } @article{RuppHandschuhRiekeetal.2019, author = {Rupp, Matthias and Handschuh, Nils and Rieke, Christian and Kuperjans, Isabel}, title = {Contribution of country-specific electricity mix and charging time to environmental impact of battery electric vehicles: A case study of electric buses in Germany}, series = {Applied Energy}, volume = {237}, journal = {Applied Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0306-2619}, doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.059}, pages = {618 -- 634}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{RuppRiekeHandschuhetal.2020, author = {Rupp, Matthias and Rieke, Christian and Handschuh, Nils and Kuperjans, Isabel}, title = {Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO₂eq intensities}, series = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment}, volume = {81}, journal = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment}, number = {Article 102293}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1361-9209}, doi = {10.1016/j.trd.2020.102293}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses. In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles' charging time as a function of the parameters CO₂eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO₂eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle. In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6\% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO₂eq emissions is similar, at 14.9\%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO₂eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO₂eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5\% CO₂eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.}, language = {en} } @article{SabitovaEbertLenzetal.2013, author = {Sabitova, A. and Ebert, Ph. and Lenz, A. and Schaafhausen, S. and Ivanova, L. and D{\"a}hne, M. and Hoffmann, A. and Dunin-Borkowski, R. E. and F{\"o}rster, Arnold and Grandidier, B. and Eisele, H.}, title = {Intrinsic bandgap of cleaved ZnO(112¯0) surfaces}, series = {Applied physics letters}, volume = {Vol. 102}, journal = {Applied physics letters}, issn = {1077-3118 (E-Journal); 0003-6951 (Print)}, pages = {021608}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{SattlerRoegerSchwarzboezletal.2020, author = {Sattler, Johannes, Christoph and R{\"o}ger, Marc and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, Peter and Buck, Reiner and Macke, Ansgar and Raeder, Christian and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim}, title = {Review of heliostat calibration and tracking control methods}, series = {Solar Energy}, volume = {207}, journal = {Solar Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.030}, pages = {110 -- 132}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Large scale central receiver systems typically deploy between thousands to more than a hundred thousand heliostats. During solar operation, each heliostat is aligned individually in such a way that the overall surface normal bisects the angle between the sun's position and the aim point coordinate on the receiver. Due to various tracking error sources, achieving accurate alignment ≤1 mrad for all the heliostats with respect to the aim points on the receiver without a calibration system can be regarded as unrealistic. Therefore, a calibration system is necessary not only to improve the aiming accuracy for achieving desired flux distributions but also to reduce or eliminate spillage. An overview of current larger-scale central receiver systems (CRS), tracking error sources and the basic requirements of an ideal calibration system is presented. Leading up to the main topic, a description of general and specific terms on the topics heliostat calibration and tracking control clarifies the terminology used in this work. Various figures illustrate the signal flows along various typical components as well as the corresponding monitoring or measuring devices that indicate or measure along the signal (or effect) chain. The numerous calibration systems are described in detail and classified in groups. Two tables allow the juxtaposition of the calibration methods for a better comparison. In an assessment, the advantages and disadvantages of individual calibration methods are presented.}, language = {en} } @article{ScheibeKern2011, author = {Scheibe, Klaus and Kern, Alexander}, title = {Aktueller Stand der Normung zum {\"U}berspannungschutz}, series = {9. VDE/ABB-Blitzschutztagung : Vortr{\"a}ge der 9. VDE/ABB-Fachtagung vom 27. bis 28. Oktober 2011 in Neu-Ulm / Veranst.: Ausschuss f{\"u}r Blitzschutz und Blitzforschung (ABB) im VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e.V. Wiss. Tagungsleitung: K. Stimper}, journal = {9. VDE/ABB-Blitzschutztagung : Vortr{\"a}ge der 9. VDE/ABB-Fachtagung vom 27. bis 28. Oktober 2011 in Neu-Ulm / Veranst.: Ausschuss f{\"u}r Blitzschutz und Blitzforschung (ABB) im VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e.V. Wiss. Tagungsleitung: K. Stimper}, publisher = {VDE-Verl.}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-3380-4}, pages = {13 -- 17}, year = {2011}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtTonnesmannFoersteretal.2000, author = {Schmidt, R. and Tonnesmann, A. and F{\"o}rster, Arnold and Grimm, M. and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H.}, title = {Metamorphic InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT's on GaAs substrates using an InP buffer layer}, series = {8th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications : EDMO 2000 ; [13 - 14 November 2000, University of Glasgow] / organised by Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Scotland. MTT/ED/AP/LEO Societies Joint Chapter, United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland Section. With technical co-sponsorship from IEEE Electron Device Society}, journal = {8th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications : EDMO 2000 ; [13 - 14 November 2000, University of Glasgow] / organised by Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Scotland. MTT/ED/AP/LEO Societies Joint Chapter, United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland Section. With technical co-sponsorship from IEEE Electron Device Society}, publisher = {IEEE Operations Center}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {0-7803-6550-X}, pages = {95 -- 98}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{SchultSistemichHardt1995, author = {Schult, O. W. B. and Sistemich, K. and Hardt, Arno}, title = {Plans for investigations of subthreshold K+ production in p+A collisions / O. W. B. Schult [u.a.]}, series = {Nuclear Physics A. Vol. 583}, journal = {Nuclear Physics A. Vol. 583}, issn = {1873-1554 (E-journal); 0375-9474 (Print)}, pages = {629 -- 632}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{SchwagerFleschSchwarzboezletal.2022, author = {Schwager, Christian and Flesch, Robert and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, Peter and Herrmann, Ulf and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e}}, title = {Advanced two phase flow model for transient molten salt receiver system simulation}, series = {Solar Energy}, volume = {232}, journal = {Solar Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0038-092X (print)}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2021.12.065}, pages = {362 -- 375}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In order to realistically predict and optimize the actual performance of a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant sophisticated simulation models and methods are required. This paper presents a detailed dynamic simulation model for a Molten Salt Solar Tower (MST) system, which is capable of simulating transient operation including detailed startup and shutdown procedures including drainage and refill. For appropriate representation of the transient behavior of the receiver as well as replication of local bulk and surface temperatures a discretized receiver model based on a novel homogeneous two-phase (2P) flow modelling approach is implemented in Modelica Dymola®. This allows for reasonable representation of the very different hydraulic and thermal properties of molten salt versus air as well as the transition between both. This dynamic 2P receiver model is embedded in a comprehensive one-dimensional model of a commercial scale MST system and coupled with a transient receiver flux density distribution from raytracing based heliostat field simulation. This enables for detailed process prediction with reasonable computational effort, while providing data such as local salt film and wall temperatures, realistic control behavior as well as net performance of the overall system. Besides a model description, this paper presents some results of a validation as well as the simulation of a complete startup procedure. Finally, a study on numerical simulation performance and grid dependencies is presented and discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarzer1993, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens}, title = {Anwendung solarer Hochtemperaturw{\"a}rme am Beispiel eines Solarkochers}, series = {Wege in die Solargesellschaft 4 : Dokumentation zur Vortragsreihe an der Fachhochschule Darmstadt in Zusammenarbeit mit dem IKU-Institut f{\"u}r kommunale Wirtschaft und Umweltplanung im Sommersemester 1993 / [Hrsg.: Projektgruppe Solarenergie an der Fachhochschule Darmstadt ; IKU-Inst. f{\"u}r Kommunale Wirtschaft u. Umweltplanung. Red.: Helmut C. B{\"u}scher]}, journal = {Wege in die Solargesellschaft 4 : Dokumentation zur Vortragsreihe an der Fachhochschule Darmstadt in Zusammenarbeit mit dem IKU-Institut f{\"u}r kommunale Wirtschaft und Umweltplanung im Sommersemester 1993 / [Hrsg.: Projektgruppe Solarenergie an der Fachhochschule Darmstadt ; IKU-Inst. f{\"u}r Kommunale Wirtschaft u. Umweltplanung. Red.: Helmut C. B{\"u}scher]}, publisher = {FHD}, address = {Darmstadt}, pages = {13 -- 24}, year = {1993}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerBiegerMeer1992, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Bieger, A. and Meer, A. von}, title = {Ein neuartiger effizienter Solarkocher mit tempor{\"a}rem Speicher}, series = {Energie und unsere Umwelt : 30. Juni bis 3. Juli 1992 ; [Tagungsbericht 2] ; 8. Internationales Sonnenforum '92 / [Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V., DGS. Red.: A. Hohmann ...]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 8,2)}, journal = {Energie und unsere Umwelt : 30. Juni bis 3. Juli 1992 ; [Tagungsbericht 2] ; 8. Internationales Sonnenforum '92 / [Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V., DGS. Red.: A. Hohmann ...]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 8,2)}, publisher = {DGS-Sonnenenergie}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {1321 -- 1326}, year = {1992}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerBiegerSpaete1992, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Bieger, A. and Sp{\"a}te, F.}, title = {Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit von solaren Warmwasserbereitungsanlagen : Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes VELS I}, series = {Energie und unsere Umwelt : 30. Juni bis 3. Juli 1992 ; [Tagungsbericht 1] ; 8. Internationales Sonnenforum '92 / [Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V., DGS. Red.: A. Hohmann ...]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 8,1)}, journal = {Energie und unsere Umwelt : 30. Juni bis 3. Juli 1992 ; [Tagungsbericht 1] ; 8. Internationales Sonnenforum '92 / [Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V., DGS. Red.: A. Hohmann ...]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 8,1)}, publisher = {DGS-Sonnenenergie}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {307 -- 312}, year = {1992}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerBieger1987, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Bieger, W.}, title = {Tests von solaren Brauchwassersystemen / W. Bieger ; K. Schwarzer}, series = {Erneuerbare Energiequellen : Aktivit{\"a}ten deutscher Hochschulen / zsgest. von F. A. Peuser ...}, journal = {Erneuerbare Energiequellen : Aktivit{\"a}ten deutscher Hochschulen / zsgest. von F. A. Peuser ...}, publisher = {Zentralstelle f{\"u}r Solartechnik}, address = {Hilden}, pages = {6 -- 7}, year = {1987}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerBieger1987, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Bieger, W.}, title = {Entwicklung von solaren Unterrichtsmesspl{\"a}tzen fuer Indonesien / W. Bieger ; K. Schwarzer}, series = {Erneuerbare Energiequellen : Aktivit{\"a}ten deutscher Hochschulen / zsgest. von F. A. Peuser ...}, journal = {Erneuerbare Energiequellen : Aktivit{\"a}ten deutscher Hochschulen / zsgest. von F. A. Peuser ...}, publisher = {Zentralstelle f{\"u}r Solartechnik}, address = {Hilden}, pages = {4 -- 5}, year = {1987}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerBieger1987, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Bieger, W.}, title = {Entwicklung eines solaren Kochers}, series = {Erneuerbare Energiequellen : Aktivit{\"a}ten deutscher Hochschulen / zsgest. von F. A. Peuser ...}, journal = {Erneuerbare Energiequellen : Aktivit{\"a}ten deutscher Hochschulen / zsgest. von F. A. Peuser ...}, publisher = {Zentralstelle f{\"u}r Solartechnik}, address = {Hilden}, pages = {2 -- 3}, year = {1987}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerBiegerRicking1990, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Bieger, W. and Ricking, N.}, title = {Solares Kochen}, series = {Rationelle Energieverwendung und Nutzung erneuerbarer Energiequellen im regionalen und kommunalen Bereich : welchen Beitrag k{\"o}nnen sie zur Abwehr der Klimabedrohung leisten? / 7. Internationales Sonnenforum, Frankfurt, 9. - 12. Oktober 1990. [Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red.: A. Hohmann ...] - Bd. 2}, journal = {Rationelle Energieverwendung und Nutzung erneuerbarer Energiequellen im regionalen und kommunalen Bereich : welchen Beitrag k{\"o}nnen sie zur Abwehr der Klimabedrohung leisten? / 7. Internationales Sonnenforum, Frankfurt, 9. - 12. Oktober 1990. [Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red.: A. Hohmann ...] - Bd. 2}, publisher = {DGS-Sonnenenergie-Verl.}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {1002 -- 1007}, year = {1990}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerBiegerSpaete1990, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Bieger, W. and Sp{\"a}te, F.}, title = {Untersuchungen zur Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit von solaren Warmwasserbereitungsanlagen / W. Bieger ; C. Schwarzer ; F. Sp{\"a}te ...}, series = {Rationelle Energieverwendung und Nutzung erneuerbarer Energiequellen im regionalen und kommunalen Bereich : welchen Beitrag k{\"o}nnen sie zur Abwehr der Klimabedrohung leisten? / 7. Internationales Sonnenforum, Frankfurt, 9. - 12. Oktober 1990. [Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red.: A. Hohmann ...] - Bd. 1}, journal = {Rationelle Energieverwendung und Nutzung erneuerbarer Energiequellen im regionalen und kommunalen Bereich : welchen Beitrag k{\"o}nnen sie zur Abwehr der Klimabedrohung leisten? / 7. Internationales Sonnenforum, Frankfurt, 9. - 12. Oktober 1990. [Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red.: A. Hohmann ...] - Bd. 1}, publisher = {DGS-Sonnenenergie-Verl.}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {615 -- 620}, year = {1990}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerdaSilvaHoffschmidtetal.2009, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and da Silva, Vieira E. and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Schwarzer, T.}, title = {A new solar desalination system with heat recovery for decentralised drinking water production}, series = {Desalination. 248 (2009), H. 1-3}, journal = {Desalination. 248 (2009), H. 1-3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {0011-9164}, pages = {204 -- 211}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzerEhrhardtBayeretal.1982, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Ehrhardt, J. and Bayer, A. and Kroeger, W.}, title = {Unfallfolgen- und Risikoabsch{\"a}tzung f{\"u}r die probabilistische HTR-1160-Sicherheitsstudie / J. Ehrhardt ; A. Bayer ; W. Kroeger ; K. Schwarzer}, series = {Atomwirtschaft - Atomtechnik. 27 (1982), H. 10}, journal = {Atomwirtschaft - Atomtechnik. 27 (1982), H. 10}, isbn = {0004-721x}, pages = {527 -- 529}, year = {1982}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerFaberStracke1994, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Faber, C. and Stracke, T.}, title = {Teststelle fuer Warmwasser-Kollektoren und -Systeme}, series = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen. 44 (1994), H. 9}, journal = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen. 44 (1994), H. 9}, isbn = {0720-6240}, pages = {41 -- 43}, year = {1994}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerGoettscheJellinghaus2006, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Jellinghaus, Sabine}, title = {FORSCHUNG UND TECHNIK - Messtechnik - Was will der Nutzer? - Eine langfristige Studie hat Nutzer zu einer Farblichtsteuerung befragt. Teil 1: Untersuchungsdesign, Leuchtenentwicklung und Messwerterfassung}, series = {Licht : Planung, Design, Technik, Handel ; Organ der Deutschen Lichttechnischen Gesellschaft e.V. (LiTG) ; Organ des Normenausschusses Lichttechnik (FNL) im DIN Deutsches Institut f{\"u}r Normung e.V. ; Organ des Verbandes Wohnraumleuchten-, Lampenschirm und . 58 (2006), H. 7-8}, journal = {Licht : Planung, Design, Technik, Handel ; Organ der Deutschen Lichttechnischen Gesellschaft e.V. (LiTG) ; Organ des Normenausschusses Lichttechnik (FNL) im DIN Deutsches Institut f{\"u}r Normung e.V. ; Organ des Verbandes Wohnraumleuchten-, Lampenschirm und . 58 (2006), H. 7-8}, isbn = {0024-2861}, pages = {754 -- 759}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerGoettscheJellinghaus2006, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Jellinghaus, Sabine}, title = {FORSCHUNG UND TECHNIK - Messtechnik - Was will der Nutzer? Eine langfristige Studie hat Nutzer zu einer Farblichtsteuerung befragt (Teil 2)}, series = {Licht : Planung, Design, Technik, Handel ; Organ der Deutschen Lichttechnischen Gesellschaft e.V. (LiTG) ; Organ des Normenausschusses Lichttechnik (FNL) im DIN Deutsches Institut f{\"u}r Normung e.V. ; Organ des Verbandes Wohnraumleuchten-, Lampenschirm und . 58 (2006), H. 9}, journal = {Licht : Planung, Design, Technik, Handel ; Organ der Deutschen Lichttechnischen Gesellschaft e.V. (LiTG) ; Organ des Normenausschusses Lichttechnik (FNL) im DIN Deutsches Institut f{\"u}r Normung e.V. ; Organ des Verbandes Wohnraumleuchten-, Lampenschirm und . 58 (2006), H. 9}, isbn = {0024-2861}, pages = {862 -- 867}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerHafner1996, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Hafner, B.}, title = {Entwicklung von Kollektoren und Speicher f{\"u}r solare Prozessw{\"a}rmesysteme / B. Hafner ; K. Schwarzer}, series = {Sechstes Symposium Thermische Solarenergie : Kloster Banz ; [Termin: 08. - 10. Mai 1996] / OTTI-Technologie-Kolleg. Fachliche Gesamtltg.: J{\"u}rgen Schmid]}, journal = {Sechstes Symposium Thermische Solarenergie : Kloster Banz ; [Termin: 08. - 10. Mai 1996] / OTTI-Technologie-Kolleg. Fachliche Gesamtltg.: J{\"u}rgen Schmid]}, publisher = {OTTI}, address = {Regensburg}, pages = {245 -- 249}, year = {1996}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerHafnerKrings1994, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Hafner, B. and Krings, D.}, title = {Optimierung von solarthermischen Kochersystemen}, series = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen. 44 (1994), H. 9}, journal = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen. 44 (1994), H. 9}, isbn = {0720-6240}, pages = {44 -- 46}, year = {1994}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerHafnerKrings1994, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Hafner, B. and Krings, T.}, title = {Simulations- und Auslegungsprogramm f{\"u}r solare Kocher mit tempor{\"a}rem Speicher : Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit Messungen}, series = {Energie f{\"u}r die Zukunft : 28. Juni bis 1. Juli 1994 ; [Tagungsbericht 2] / 9. Internationales Sonnenforum '94. [Hrsg. Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red. A. Hohmann ; H. H. Hohmann]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 9,2)}, journal = {Energie f{\"u}r die Zukunft : 28. Juni bis 1. Juli 1994 ; [Tagungsbericht 2] / 9. Internationales Sonnenforum '94. [Hrsg. Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red. A. Hohmann ; H. H. Hohmann]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 9,2)}, publisher = {DGS-Sonnenenergie}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {1422 -- 1427}, year = {1994}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerHafnerWemhoeneretal.2000, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Hafner, B. and Wemh{\"o}ner, C. and Wenzel, T.}, title = {Das Programm CARNOT zur Simulation solarthermischer Anlagen unter MATLAB-Simulink / B. Hafner ; C. Wemh{\"o}ner ; T. Wenzel ; K. Schwarzer}, series = {Sonne - die Energie des 21. Jahrhunderts : Kurzfassungen; 5. - 7. Juli 2000 Freiburg; inklusive 11. Jahrestagung Forschungsverbund Sonnenenergie / 12. Internationales Sonnenforum. [Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V., DGS. Red.: Joachim Berner; Forschungsverbund Sonnenenergie]}, journal = {Sonne - die Energie des 21. Jahrhunderts : Kurzfassungen; 5. - 7. Juli 2000 Freiburg; inklusive 11. Jahrestagung Forschungsverbund Sonnenenergie / 12. Internationales Sonnenforum. [Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V., DGS. Red.: Joachim Berner; Forschungsverbund Sonnenenergie]}, publisher = {Solar Promotion}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {3-934349-07-2}, pages = {181 -- 186}, year = {2000}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerKatscherStauch1990, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Katscher, W. and Stauch, B.}, title = {Untersuchungen zum Kerosinbrand im AVR-Trockenlager bei einem postulierten Flugzeugabsturz / W. Katscher ; B. Stauch ; C. Schwarzer}, series = {Tagungsbericht : Meistersingerhalle, 15.-17.5.1990 N{\"u}rnberg = Proceedings / Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V.. Deutsches Atomforum e.V. / [Red.: Karl G. Bauer]}, journal = {Tagungsbericht : Meistersingerhalle, 15.-17.5.1990 N{\"u}rnberg = Proceedings / Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V.. Deutsches Atomforum e.V. / [Red.: Karl G. Bauer]}, publisher = {Inforum-Verl.}, address = {Bonn}, pages = {243 -- 246}, year = {1990}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerKrings1996, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Krings, T.}, title = {Dissemination of solar cookers with and without temporary storage : a report of concrete examples ; experiences from Chile, India and Mali}, series = {Proceedings / EuroSun '96 : 10. Internationales Sonnenforum. Ed. by A. Goetzberger ... - Bd. 4}, journal = {Proceedings / EuroSun '96 : 10. Internationales Sonnenforum. Ed. by A. Goetzberger ... - Bd. 4}, publisher = {DGS-Sonnenenergie-Verl.}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {1479 -- 1482}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzerKringsHafner1994, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Krings, T. and Hafner, B.}, title = {Verbreitung von solaren Kochern mit und ohne zuschaltbarem Speicher : ein Bericht aus der Praxis ; Erfahrungen aus Indien und Chile}, series = {Energie f{\"u}r die Zukunft : 28. Juni bis 1. Juli 1994 ; [Tagungsbericht 2] / 9. Internationales Sonnenforum '94. [Hrsg. Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red. A. Hohmann ; H. H. Hohmann]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 9,2)}, journal = {Energie f{\"u}r die Zukunft : 28. Juni bis 1. Juli 1994 ; [Tagungsbericht 2] / 9. Internationales Sonnenforum '94. [Hrsg. Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red. A. Hohmann ; H. H. Hohmann]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 9,2)}, publisher = {DGS-Sonnenenergie}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {1428 -- 1435}, year = {1994}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerMeerRoth1994, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Meer, A. von and Roth, P.}, title = {Entwicklung und Erprobung von kleinen regenerativen Energiesystemen f{\"u}r den l{\"a}ndlichen Raum in Chile / A. von Meer ; P. Roth ; C. Schwarzer}, series = {Energie f{\"u}r die Zukunft : 28. Juni bis 1. Juli 1994 ; [Tagungsbericht 2] / 9. Internationales Sonnenforum '94. [Hrsg. Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red. A. Hohmann ; H. H. Hohmann]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 9,2)}, journal = {Energie f{\"u}r die Zukunft : 28. Juni bis 1. Juli 1994 ; [Tagungsbericht 2] / 9. Internationales Sonnenforum '94. [Hrsg. Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red. A. Hohmann ; H. H. Hohmann]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 9,2)}, publisher = {DGS-Sonnenenergie}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {1414 -- 1421}, year = {1994}, language = {de} } @article{SchwarzerMuellerKleineHering2004, author = {Schwarzer, Klemens and M{\"u}ller, C. and Kleine-Hering, H.}, title = {Simple solar systems for heating, hot water and cooking in high altitude regions with high solar radiation / C. M{\"u}ller ; K. Schwarzer ; H. Kleine-Hering}, series = {Proceedings / organised by: ISES Europe ... [Ed.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS, Munich ; PSE GmbH - Forschung Entwicklung Marketing, Freiburg]. - Vol 1}, journal = {Proceedings / organised by: ISES Europe ... [Ed.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS, Munich ; PSE GmbH - Forschung Entwicklung Marketing, Freiburg]. - Vol 1}, publisher = {PSE}, address = {Freiburg [Breisgau]}, isbn = {3-9809656-1-9}, pages = {1-653-1-658}, year = {2004}, language = {en} }