@inproceedings{WittigRuettersBragard2024, author = {Wittig, M. and R{\"u}tters, Ren{\´e} and Bragard, Michael}, title = {Application of RL in control systems using the example of a rotatory inverted pendulum}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2024 : Fit f{\"u}r die Zukunft: praktische L{\"o}sungen f{\"u}r die industrielle Automation}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2024 : Fit f{\"u}r die Zukunft: praktische L{\"o}sungen f{\"u}r die industrielle Automation}, editor = {Reiff-Stephan, J{\"o}rg and J{\"a}kel, Jens and Schwarz, Andr{\´e}}, publisher = {le-tex publishing services GmbH}, address = {Leipzig}, isbn = {978-3-910103-02-3}, doi = {10.33968/2024.53}, pages = {241 -- 248}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this paper, the use of reinforcement learning (RL) in control systems is investigated using a rotatory inverted pendulum as an example. The control behavior of an RL controller is compared to that of traditional LQR and MPC controllers. This is done by evaluating their behavior under optimal conditions, their disturbance behavior, their robustness and their development process. All the investigated controllers are developed using MATLAB and the Simulink simulation environment and later deployed to a real pendulum model powered by a Raspberry Pi. The RL algorithm used is Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). The LQR controller exhibits an easy development process, an average to good control behavior and average to good robustness. A linear MPC controller could show excellent results under optimal operating conditions. However, when subjected to disturbances or deviations from the equilibrium point, it showed poor performance and sometimes instable behavior. Employing a nonlinear MPC Controller in real time was not possible due to the high computational effort involved. The RL controller exhibits by far the most versatile and robust control behavior. When operated in the simulation environment, it achieved a high control accuracy. When employed in the real system, however, it only shows average accuracy and a significantly greater performance loss compared to the simulation than the traditional controllers. With MATLAB, it is not yet possible to directly post-train the RL controller on the Raspberry Pi, which is an obstacle to the practical application of RL in a prototyping or teaching setting. Nevertheless, RL in general proves to be a flexible and powerful control method, which is well suited for complex or nonlinear systems where traditional controllers struggle.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GrundAltherr2023, author = {Grund, Raphael M. and Altherr, Lena}, title = {Development of an open source energy disaggregation tool for the home automation platform Home Assistant}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2023 : mit Automatisierung gegen den Klimawandel}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2023 : mit Automatisierung gegen den Klimawandel}, editor = {Reiff-Stephan, J{\"o}rg and J{\"a}kel, Jens and Schwarz, Andr{\´e}}, publisher = {le-tex publishing services GmbH}, address = {Leipzig}, isbn = {978-3-910103-01-6}, doi = {10.33968/2023.02}, pages = {11 -- 20}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In order to reduce energy consumption of homes, it is important to make transparent which devices consume how much energy. However, power consumption is often only monitored aggregated at the house energy meter. Disaggregating this power consumption into the contributions of individual devices can be achieved using Machine Learning. Our work aims at making state of the art disaggregation algorithms accessibe for users of the open source home automation platform Home Assistant.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HueningMund2023, author = {H{\"u}ning, Felix and Mund, Cindy}, title = {Integration of agile development in standard labs}, series = {51st Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI)}, booktitle = {51st Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI)}, doi = {10.21427/NK4Z-WS73}, pages = {11 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In addition to the technical content, modern courses at university should also teach professional skills to enhance the competencies of students towards their future work. The competency driven approach including technical as well as professional skills makes it necessary to find a suitable way for the integration into the corresponding module in a scalable and flexible manner. Agile development, for example, is essential for the development of modern systems and applications and makes use of dedicated professional skills of the team members, like structured group dynamics and communication, to enable the fast and reliable development. This paper presents an easy to integrate and flexible approach to integrate Scrum, an agile development method, into the lab of an existing module. Due to the different role models of Scrum the students have an individual learning success, gain valuable insight into modern system development and strengthen their communication and organization skills. The approach is implemented and evaluated in the module Vehicle Systems, but it can be transferred easily to other technical courses as well. The evaluation of the implementation considers feedback of all stakeholders, students, supervisor and lecturers, and monitors the observations during project lifetime.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SteuerDankert2023, author = {Steuer-Dankert, Linda}, title = {A crazy little thing called sustainability}, series = {51st Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI)}, booktitle = {51st Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI)}, doi = {10.21427/9CQR-VC94}, pages = {11 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 requires global collaboration between different stakeholders. Industry, and in particular engineers who shape industrial developments, have a special role to play as they are confronted with the responsibility to holistically reflect sustainability in industrial processes. This means that, in addition to the technical specifications, engineers must also question the effects of their own actions on an ecological, economic and social level in order to ensure sustainable action and contribute to the achievement of the SDGs. However, this requires competencies that enable engineers to apply all three pillars of sustainability to their own field of activity and to understand the global impact of industrial processes. In this context, it is relevant to understand how industry already reflects sustainability and to identify competences needed for sustainable development.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TischbeinKeanVertgewalletal.2023, author = {Tischbein, Franziska and Kean, Kilian and Vertgewall, Chris Martin and Ulbig, Andreas and Altherr, Lena}, title = {Determination of the topology of low-voltage distribution grids using cluster methods}, series = {27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023)}, booktitle = {27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-83953-855-1}, doi = {10.1049/icp.2023.0478}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Due to the decarbonization of the energy sector, the electric distribution grids are undergoing a major transformation, which is expected to increase the load on the operating resources due to new electrical loads and distributed energy resources. Therefore, grid operators need to gradually move to active grid management in order to ensure safe and reliable grid operation. However, this requires knowledge of key grid variables, such as node voltages, which is why the mass integration of measurement technology (smart meters) is necessary. Another problem is the fact that a large part of the topology of the distribution grids is not sufficiently digitized and models are partly faulty, which means that active grid operation management today has to be carried out largely blindly. It is therefore part of current research to develop methods for determining unknown grid topologies based on measurement data. In this paper, different clustering algorithms are presented and their performance of topology detection of low voltage grids is compared. Furthermore, the influence of measurement uncertainties is investigated in the form of a sensitivity analysis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EichenbaumNikolovskiMuelhensetal.2023, author = {Eichenbaum, Julian and Nikolovski, Gjorgji and M{\"u}lhens, Leon and Reke, Michael and Ferrein, Alexander and Scholl, Ingrid}, title = {Towards a lifelong mapping approach using Lanelet 2 for autonomous open-pit mine operations}, series = {2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3503-2069-5 (Online)}, doi = {10.1109/CASE56687.2023.10260526}, pages = {8 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Autonomous agents require rich environment models for fulfilling their missions. High-definition maps are a well-established map format which allows for representing semantic information besides the usual geometric information of the environment. These are, for instance, road shapes, road markings, traffic signs or barriers. The geometric resolution of HD maps can be as precise as of centimetre level. In this paper, we report on our approach of using HD maps as a map representation for autonomous load-haul-dump vehicles in open-pit mining operations. As the mine undergoes constant change, we also need to constantly update the map. Therefore, we follow a lifelong mapping approach for updating the HD maps based on camera-based object detection and GPS data. We show our mapping algorithm based on the Lanelet 2 map format and show our integration with the navigation stack of the Robot Operating System. We present experimental results on our lifelong mapping approach from a real open-pit mine.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AlhaskirTschescheLinkeetal.2023, author = {Alhaskir, Mohamed and Tschesche, Matteo and Linke, Florian and Schriewer, Elisabeth and Weber, Yvonne and Wolking, Stefan and R{\"o}hrig, Rainer and Koch, Henner and Kutafina, Ekaterina}, title = {ECG matching: an approach to synchronize ECG datasets for data quality comparisons}, series = {German Medical Data Sciences 2023 - Science. Close to People.}, volume = {307}, booktitle = {German Medical Data Sciences 2023 - Science. Close to People.}, editor = {R{\"o}hrig, Rainer and Grabe, Niels and Haag, Martin and H{\"u}bner, Ursula and Sax, Ulrich and Schmidt, Carsten Oliver and Sedlmayr, Martin and Zapf, Antonia}, publisher = {IOS Press}, isbn = {978-1-64368-428-4 (Print)}, doi = {10.3233/SHTI230718}, pages = {225 -- 232}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Clinical assessment of newly developed sensors is important for ensuring their validity. Comparing recordings of emerging electrocardiography (ECG) systems to a reference ECG system requires accurate synchronization of data from both devices. Current methods can be inefficient and prone to errors. To address this issue, three algorithms are presented to synchronize two ECG time series from different recording systems: Binned R-peak Correlation, R-R Interval Correlation, and Average R-peak Distance. These algorithms reduce ECG data to their cyclic features, mitigating inefficiencies and minimizing discrepancies between different recording systems. We evaluate the performance of these algorithms using high-quality data and then assess their robustness after manipulating the R-peaks. Our results show that R-R Interval Correlation was the most efficient, whereas the Average R-peak Distance and Binned R-peak Correlation were more robust against noisy data.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NeugebauerBrutschyMeyeretal.2014, author = {Neugebauer, Georg and Brutschy, Lucas and Meyer, Ulrike and Wetzel, Susanne}, title = {Privacy-preserving multi-party reconciliation secure in the malicious model}, series = {DPM 2013, SETOP 2013: Data Privacy Management and Autonomous Spontaneous Security}, booktitle = {DPM 2013, SETOP 2013: Data Privacy Management and Autonomous Spontaneous Security}, editor = {Garcia-Alfaro, Joaquin and Lioudakis, Georgios and Cuppens-Boulahia, Nora and Foley, Simon and Fitzgerald, William M.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-642-54567-2 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-54568-9_12}, pages = {178 -- 193}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The problem of fair and privacy-preserving ordered set reconciliation arises in a variety of applications like auctions, e-voting, and appointment reconciliation. While several multi-party protocols have been proposed that solve this problem in the semi-honest model, there are no multi-party protocols that are secure in the malicious model so far. In this paper, we close this gap. Our newly proposed protocols are shown to be secure in the malicious model based on a variety of novel non-interactive zero-knowledge-proofs. We describe the implementation of our protocols and evaluate their performance in comparison to protocols solving the problem in the semi-honest case.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ViehmannLimpertHofmannetal.2023, author = {Viehmann, Tarik and Limpert, Nicolas and Hofmann, Till and Henning, Mike and Ferrein, Alexander and Lakemeyer, Gerhard}, title = {Winning the RoboCup logistics league with visual servoing and centralized goal reasoning}, series = {RoboCup 2022}, booktitle = {RoboCup 2022}, editor = {Eguchi, Amy and Lau, Nuno and Paetzel-Pr{\"u}smann, Maike and Wanichanon, Thanapat}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-28468-7 (Print)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28469-4_25}, pages = {300 -- 312}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The RoboCup Logistics League (RCLL) is a robotics competition in a production logistics scenario in the context of a Smart Factory. In the competition, a team of three robots needs to assemble products to fulfill various orders that are requested online during the game. This year, the Carologistics team was able to win the competition with a new approach to multi-agent coordination as well as significant changes to the robot's perception unit and a pragmatic network setup using the cellular network instead of WiFi. In this paper, we describe the major components of our approach with a focus on the changes compared to the last physical competition in 2019.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZaehlTheisWolfetal.2023, author = {Z{\"a}hl, Philipp M. and Theis, Sabine and Wolf, Martin and K{\"o}hler, Klemens}, title = {Teamwork in software development and what personality has to do with it - an overview}, series = {Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality}, booktitle = {Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality}, editor = {Chen, Jessie Y. C. and Fragomeni, Gino}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-35633-9 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-35634-6_10}, pages = {130 -- 153}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Due to the increasing complexity of software projects, software development is becoming more and more dependent on teams. The quality of this teamwork can vary depending on the team composition, as teams are always a combination of different skills and personality types. This paper aims to answer the question of how to describe a software development team and what influence the personality of the team members has on the team dynamics. For this purpose, a systematic literature review (n=48) and a literature search with the AI research assistant Elicit (n=20) were conducted. Result: A person's personality significantly shapes his or her thinking and actions, which in turn influences his or her behavior in software development teams. It has been shown that team performance and satisfaction can be strongly influenced by personality. The quality of communication and the likelihood of conflict can also be attributed to personality.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ArndtConzenElsenetal.2023, author = {Arndt, Tobias and Conzen, Max and Elsen, Ingo and Ferrein, Alexander and Galla, Oskar and K{\"o}se, Hakan and Schiffer, Stefan and Tschesche, Matteo}, title = {Anomaly detection in the metal-textile industry for the reduction of the cognitive load of quality control workers}, series = {PETRA '23: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments}, booktitle = {PETRA '23: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments}, publisher = {ACM}, isbn = {9798400700699}, doi = {10.1145/3594806.3596558}, pages = {535 -- 542}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This paper presents an approach for reducing the cognitive load for humans working in quality control (QC) for production processes that adhere to the 6σ -methodology. While 100\% QC requires every part to be inspected, this task can be reduced when a human-in-the-loop QC process gets supported by an anomaly detection system that only presents those parts for manual inspection that have a significant likelihood of being defective. This approach shows good results when applied to image-based QC for metal textile products.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NethSchubaBrodkorbetal.2023, author = {Neth, Jannik and Schuba, Marko and Brodkorb, Karsten and Neugebauer, Georg and H{\"o}ner, Tim and Hack, Sacha}, title = {Digital forensics triage app for android}, series = {ARES '23: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security}, booktitle = {ARES '23: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security}, publisher = {ACM}, isbn = {9798400707728}, doi = {10.1145/3600160.3605017}, pages = {6 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Digital forensics of smartphones is of utmost importance in many criminal cases. As modern smartphones store chats, photos, videos etc. that can be relevant for investigations and as they can have storage capacities of hundreds of gigabytes, they are a primary target for forensic investigators. However, it is exactly this large amount of data that is causing problems: extracting and examining the data from multiple phones seized in the context of a case is taking more and more time. This bears the risk of wasting a lot of time with irrelevant phones while there is not enough time left to analyze a phone which is worth examination. Forensic triage can help in this case: Such a triage is a preselection step based on a subset of data and is performed before fully extracting all the data from the smartphone. Triage can accelerate subsequent investigations and is especially useful in cases where time is essential. The aim of this paper is to determine which and how much data from an Android smartphone can be made directly accessible to the forensic investigator - without tedious investigations. For this purpose, an app has been developed that can be used with extremely limited storage of data in the handset and which outputs the extracted data immediately to the forensic workstation in a human- and machine-readable format.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KueppersSchubaNeugebaueretal.2023, author = {K{\"u}ppers, Malte and Schuba, Marko and Neugebauer, Georg and H{\"o}ner, Tim and Hack, Sacha}, title = {Security analysis of the KNX smart building protocol}, series = {ARES '23: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security}, booktitle = {ARES '23: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security}, publisher = {ACM}, doi = {10.1145/3600160.3605167}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2023}, abstract = {KNX is a protocol for smart building automation, e.g., for automated heating, air conditioning, or lighting. This paper analyses and evaluates state-of-the-art KNX devices from manufacturers Merten, Gira and Siemens with respect to security. On the one hand, it is investigated if publicly known vulnerabilities like insecure storage of passwords in software, unencrypted communication, or denialof-service attacks, can be reproduced in new devices. On the other hand, the security is analyzed in general, leading to the discovery of a previously unknown and high risk vulnerability related to so-called BCU (authentication) keys.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GaldiHartungDugelay2017, author = {Galdi, Chiara and Hartung, Frank and Dugelay, Jean-Luc}, title = {Videos versus still images: Asymmetric sensor pattern noise comparison on mobile phones}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, booktitle = {Electronic Imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, address = {Springfield, Virginia}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2017.7.MWSF-331}, pages = {100 -- 103}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nowadays, the most employed devices for recoding videos or capturing images are undoubtedly the smartphones. Our work investigates the application of source camera identification on mobile phones. We present a dataset entirely collected by mobile phones. The dataset contains both still images and videos collected by 67 different smartphones. Part of the images consists in photos of uniform backgrounds, especially collected for the computation of the RSPN. Identifying the source camera given a video is particularly challenging due to the strong video compression. The experiments reported in this paper, show the large variation in performance when testing an highly accurate technique on still images and videos.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchulteTiggesMatheisRekeetal.2023, author = {Schulte-Tigges, Joschua and Matheis, Dominik and Reke, Michael and Walter, Thomas and Kaszner, Daniel}, title = {Demonstrating a V2X enabled system for transition of control and minimum risk manoeuvre when leaving the operational design domain}, series = {HCII 2023: HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems}, booktitle = {HCII 2023: HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems}, editor = {Kr{\"o}mker, Heidi}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-35677-3 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-35678-0_12}, pages = {200 -- 210}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Modern implementations of driver assistance systems are evolving from a pure driver assistance to a independently acting automation system. Still these systems are not covering the full vehicle usage range, also called operational design domain, which require the human driver as fall-back mechanism. Transition of control and potential minimum risk manoeuvres are currently research topics and will bridge the gap until full autonomous vehicles are available. The authors showed in a demonstration that the transition of control mechanisms can be further improved by usage of communication technology. Receiving the incident type and position information by usage of standardised vehicle to everything (V2X) messages can improve the driver safety and comfort level. The connected and automated vehicle's software framework can take this information to plan areas where the driver should take back control by initiating a transition of control which can be followed by a minimum risk manoeuvre in case of an unresponsive driver. This transition of control has been implemented in a test vehicle and was presented to the public during the IEEE IV2022 (IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium) in Aachen, Germany.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NikolovskiLimpertNessauetal.2023, author = {Nikolovski, Gjorgji and Limpert, Nicolas and Nessau, Hendrik and Reke, Michael and Ferrein, Alexander}, title = {Model-predictive control with parallelised optimisation for the navigation of autonomous mining vehicles}, series = {2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3503-4691-6 (Online)}, doi = {10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186806}, pages = {6 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The work in modern open-pit and underground mines requires the transportation of large amounts of resources between fixed points. The navigation to these fixed points is a repetitive task that can be automated. The challenge in automating the navigation of vehicles commonly used in mines is the systemic properties of such vehicles. Many mining vehicles, such as the one we have used in the research for this paper, use steering systems with an articulated joint bending the vehicle's drive axis to change its course and a hydraulic drive system to actuate axial drive components or the movements of tippers if available. To address the difficulties of controlling such a vehicle, we present a model-predictive approach for controlling the vehicle. While the control optimisation based on a parallel error minimisation of the predicted state has already been established in the past, we provide insight into the design and implementation of an MPC for an articulated mining vehicle and show the results of real-world experiments in an open-pit mine environment.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ElsenKraissKrumbiegel1997, author = {Elsen, Ingo and Kraiss, Karl-Friedrich and Krumbiegel, Dirk}, title = {Pixel based 3D object recognition with bidirectional associative memories}, series = {International Conference on Neural Networks 1997}, booktitle = {International Conference on Neural Networks 1997}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, isbn = {0-7803-4122-8}, pages = {1679 -- 1684}, year = {1997}, abstract = {This paper addresses the pixel based recognition of 3D objects with bidirectional associative memories. Computational power and memory requirements for this approach are identified and compared to the performance of current computer architectures by benchmarking different processors. It is shown, that the performance of special purpose hardware, like neurocomputers, is between one and two orders of magnitude higher than the performance of mainstream hardware. On the other hand, the calculation of small neural networks is performed more efficiently on mainstream processors. Based on these results a novel concept is developed, which is tailored for the efficient calculation of bidirectional associative memories. The computational efficiency is further enhanced by the application of algorithms and storage techniques which are matched to characteristics of the application at hand.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Elsen1998, author = {Elsen, Ingo}, title = {A pixel based approach to view based object recognition with self-organizing neural networks}, series = {IECON'98. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society}, booktitle = {IECON'98. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, isbn = {0-7803-4503-7}, doi = {10.1109/IECON.1998.724032}, pages = {2040 -- 2044}, year = {1998}, abstract = {This paper addresses the pixel based classification of three dimensional objects from arbitrary views. To perform this task a coding strategy, inspired by the biological model of human vision, for pixel data is described. The coding strategy ensures that the input data is invariant against shift, scale and rotation of the object in the input domain. The image data is used as input to a class of self organizing neural networks, the Kohonen-maps or self-organizing feature maps (SOFM). To verify this approach two test sets have been generated: the first set, consisting of artificially generated images, is used to examine the classification properties of the SOFMs; the second test set examines the clustering capabilities of the SOFM when real world image data is applied to the network after it has been preprocessed to be invariant against shift, scale and rotation. It is shown that the clustering capability of the SOFM is strongly dependant on the invariance coding of the images.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WalterElsenMuelleretal.1999, author = {Walter, Peter and Elsen, Ingo and M{\"u}ller, Holger and Kraiss, Karl-Friedrich}, title = {3D object recognition with a specialized mixtures of experts architecture}, series = {IJCNN'99. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. Proceedings}, booktitle = {IJCNN'99. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. Proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, isbn = {0-7803-5529-6}, issn = {1098-7576}, doi = {10.1109/IJCNN.1999.836243}, pages = {3563 -- 3568}, year = {1999}, abstract = {Aim of the AXON2 project (Adaptive Expert System for Object Recogniton using Neuml Networks) is the development of an object recognition system (ORS) capable of recognizing isolated 3d objects from arbitrary views. Commonly, classification is based on a single feature extracted from the original image. Here we present an architecture adapted from the Mixtures of Eaqerts algorithm which uses multiple neuml networks to integmte different features. During tmining each neural network specializes in a subset of objects or object views appropriate to the properties of the corresponding feature space. In recognition mode the system dynamically chooses the most relevant features and combines them with maximum eficiency. The remaining less relevant features arz not computed and do therefore not decelerate the-recognition process. Thus, the algorithm is well suited for ml-time applications.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DeyElsenFerreinetal.2021, author = {Dey, Thomas and Elsen, Ingo and Ferrein, Alexander and Frauenrath, Tobias and Reke, Michael and Schiffer, Stefan}, title = {CO2 Meter: a do-it-yourself carbon dioxide measuring device for the classroom}, series = {PETRA 2021: The 14th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference}, booktitle = {PETRA 2021: The 14th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference}, editor = {Makedon, Fillia}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781450387927}, doi = {10.1145/3453892.3462697}, pages = {292 -- 299}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this paper we report on CO2 Meter, a do-it-yourself carbon dioxide measuring device for the classroom. Part of the current measures for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is proper ventilation in indoor settings. This is especially important in schools with students coming back to the classroom even with high incidents rates. Static ventilation patterns do not consider the individual situation for a particular class. Influencing factors like the type of activity, the physical structure or the room occupancy are not incorporated. Also, existing devices are rather expensive and often provide only limited information and only locally without any networking. This leaves the potential of analysing the situation across different settings untapped. Carbon dioxide level can be used as an indicator of air quality, in general, and of aerosol load in particular. Since, according to the latest findings, SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted primarily in the form of aerosols, carbon dioxide may be used as a proxy for the risk of a virus infection. Hence, schools could improve the indoor air quality and potentially reduce the infection risk if they actually had measuring devices available in the classroom. Our device supports schools in ventilation and it allows for collecting data over the Internet to enable a detailed data analysis and model generation. First deployments in schools at different levels were received very positively. A pilot installation with a larger data collection and analysis is underway.}, language = {en} }