@inproceedings{MirmohseniRostamizadeh2006,
  author    = {Mirmohseni, Abdolreza and Rostamizadeh, Kobra},
  title     = {Quartz crystal nanobalance in conjunction with principal component analysis for identification of volatile organic compounds},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1434},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Quartz crystal nanobalance (QCN) sensors are considered as powerful masssensitive sensors to determine materials in the sub-nanogram level. In this study, a single piezoelectric quartz crystal nanobalance modified with polystyrene was employed to detect benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX compounds). The frequency shift of the QCN sensor was found to be linear against the BTEX compound concentrations in the range about 1-45 mg l-1. The correlation coefficients for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were 0.991, 0.9977, 0.9946 and 0.9971, respectively. The principal component analysis was also utilized to process the frequency response data of the single piezoelectric crystal at different times, considering to the different adsorption-desorption dynamics of BTEX compounds. Using principal component analysis, it was found that over 90\% of the data variance could still be explained by use of two principal components (PC1 and PC2). Subsequently, the successful identification of benzene and toluene was possible through the principal component analysis of the transient responses of the polystyrene modified QCN sensor. The results showed that the polystyrene-modified QCN had favorable identification and quantification performances for the BTEX compounds.},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WagnerKohlFroebaetal.2006,
  author    = {Wagner, Thorsten and Kohl, Claus-Dieter and Fr{\"o}ba, Michael and Tiemann, Michael},
  title     = {Gas sensing properties of ordered mesoporous SnO2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1422},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {We report on the synthesis and CO gas-sensing properties of mesoporous tin(IV) oxides (SnO2). For the synthesis cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) was used as a structure-directing agent; the resulting SnO2 powders were applied as films to commercially available sensor substrates by drop coating. Nitrogen physisorption shows specific surface areas up to 160 m2·g-1 and mean pore diameters of about 4 nm, as verified by TEM. The film conductance was measured in dependence on the CO concentration in humid synthetic air at a constant temperature of 300 °C. The sensors show a high sensitivity at low CO concentrations and turn out to be largely insensitive towards changes in the relative humidity. We compare the materials with commercially available SnO2-based sensors.},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{NaetherJuarezEmmerichetal.2006,
  author    = {N{\"a}ther, Niko and Ju{\´a}rez, Leon M. and Emmerich, R{\"u}diger and Berger, J{\"o}rg and Friedrich, Peter and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at exposed temperatures for industrial processes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1418},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {An H2O2 sensor for the application in industrial sterilisation processes has been developed. Therefore, automated sterilisation equipment at laboratory scale has been constructed using parts from industrial sterilisation facilities. In addition, a software tool has been developed for the control of the sterilisation equipment at laboratory scale. First measurements with the developed sensor set-up as part of the sterilisation equipment have been performed and the sensor has been physically characterised by optical microscopy and SEM.},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KoplinSiemonsOcenValentinetal.2006,
  author    = {Koplin, Tobias J. and Siemons, Maike and Oc{\´e}n-Val{\´e}ntin, C{\´e}sar and Sanders, Daniel and Simon, Ulrich},
  title     = {Workflow for high throughput screening of gas sensing materials},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1407},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The workflow of a high throughput screening setup for the rapid identification of new and improved sensor materials is presented. The polyol method was applied to prepare nanoparticular metal oxides as base materials, which were functionalised by surface doping. Using multi-electrode substrates and high throughput impedance spectroscopy (HT-IS) a wide range of materials could be screened in a short time. Applying HT-IS in search of new selective gas sensing materials a NO2-tolerant NO sensing material with reduced sensitivities towards other test gases was identified based on iridium doped zinc oxide. Analogous behaviour was observed for iridium doped indium oxide.},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SakthivelWeppner2006,
  author    = {Sakthivel, Mariappan and Weppner, Werner},
  title     = {Response behaviour of a hydrogen sensor based on ionic conducting polymer-metal interfaces prepared by the chemical reduction method},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1399},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {A solid-state amperometric hydrogen sensor based on a protonated Nafion membrane and catalytic active electrode operating at room temperature was fabricated and tested. Ionic conducting polymer-metal electrode interfaces were prepared chemically by using the impregnation-reduction method. The polymer membrane was impregnated with tetra-ammine platinum chloride hydrate and the metal ions were subsequently reduced by using either sodium tetrahydroborate or potassium tetrahydroborate. The hydrogen sensing characteristics with air as reference gas is reported. The sensors were capable of detecting hydrogen concentrations from 10 ppm to 10\% in nitrogen. The response time was in the range of 10-30 s and a stable linear current output was observed. The thin Pt films were characterized by XRD, Infrared Spectroscopy, Optical Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and EDAX.},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ChaiybounTrauteKiesewetteretal.2006,
  author    = {Chaiyboun, Ali and Traute, R{\"u}diger and Kiesewetter, Olaf and Ahlers, Simon and M{\"u}ller, Gerhard and Doll, Theodor},
  title     = {Modular analytical multicomponent analysis in gas sensor arrays},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1358},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {A multi-sensor system is a chemical sensor system which quantitatively and qualitatively records gases with a combination of cross-sensitive gas sensor arrays and pattern recognition software. This paper addresses the issue of data analysis for identification of gases in a gas sensor array. We introduce a software tool for gas sensor array configuration and simulation. It concerns thereby about a modular software package for the acquisition of data of different sensors. A signal evaluation algorithm referred to as matrix method was used specifically for the software tool. This matrix method computes the gas concentrations from the signals of a sensor array. The software tool was used for the simulation of an array of five sensors to determine gas concentration of CH4, NH3, H2, CO and C2H5OH. The results of the present simulated sensor array indicate that the software tool is capable of the following: (a) identify a gas independently of its concentration; (b) estimate the concentration of the gas, even if the system was not previously exposed to this concentration; (c) tell when a gas concentration exceeds a certain value. A gas sensor data base was build for the configuration of the software. With the data base one can create, generate and manage scenarios and source files for the simulation. With the gas sensor data base and the simulation software an on-line Web-based version was developed, with which the user can configure and simulate sensor arrays on-line.},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SrivastavaSinghDhandetal.2006,
  author    = {Srivastava, Alok and Singh, Virendra and Dhand, Chetna and Kaur, Manindar and Singh, Tejvir and Witte, Katrin and Scherer, Ulrich W.},
  title     = {Study of swift heavy ion modified conduction polymer composites for application as gas sensor},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1345},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {A polyaniline-based conducting composite was prepared by oxidative polymerisation of aniline in a polyvinylchloride (PVC) matrix. The coherent free standing thin films of the composite were prepared by a solution casting method. The polyvinyl chloride-polyaniline composites exposed to 120 MeV ions of silicon with total ion fluence ranging from 1011 to 1013 ions/cm2, were observed to be more sensitive towards ammonia gas than the unirradiated composite. The response time of the irradiated composites was observed to be comparably shorter. We report for the first time the application of swift heavy ion modified insulating polymer conducting polymer (IPCP) composites for sensing of ammonia gas.},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WagnerSchoening2006,
  author    = {Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Preface of the Special Issue of I3S 2005 in J{\"u}lich (Germany)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1365},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {International Symposium on Sensor Science, I3S 2005 <3; 2005; Juelich, Germany> In: Sensors 2006, 6, 260-261 ISSN 1424-8220},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PoghossianSchumacherKloocketal.2006,
  author    = {Poghossian, Arshak and Schumacher, Kerstin and Kloock, Joachim P. and Rosenkranz, Christian and Schultze, Joachim W. and M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Functional testing and characterisation of ISFETs on wafer level by means of a micro-droplet cell},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1259},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {A wafer-level functionality testing and characterisation system for ISFETs (ionsensitive field-effect transistor) is realised by means of integration of a specifically designed capillary electrochemical micro-droplet cell into a commercial wafer prober-station. The developed system allows the identification and selection of "good" ISFETs at the earliest stage and to avoid expensive bonding, encapsulation and packaging processes for nonfunctioning ISFETs and thus, to decrease costs, which are wasted for bad dies. The developed system is also feasible for wafer-level characterisation of ISFETs in terms of sensitivity, hysteresis and response time. Additionally, the system might be also utilised for wafer-level testing of further electrochemical sensors.},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaroudWuBohneretal.2003,
  author    = {Baroud, G. and Wu, J.Z. and Bohner, M and Sponagel, Stefan and Steffen, T.},
  title     = {How to determine the permeability for cement infiltration into osteoporotic cancellous bone},
  series = {Medical Engineering \& Physics. 25 (2003), H. 4},
  journal   = {Medical Engineering \& Physics. 25 (2003), H. 4},
  issn      = {1350-4533},
  pages     = {283 -- 288},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Cement augmentation is an emerging surgical procedure in which bone cement is used to infiltrate and reinforce osteoporotic vertebrae. Although this infiltration procedure has been widely applied, it is performed empirically and little is known about the flow characteristics of cement during the injection process. We present a theoretical and experimental approach to investigate the intertrabecular bone permeability during the infiltration procedure. The cement permeability was considered to be dependent on time, bone porosity, and cement viscosity in our analysis. In order to determine the time-dependent permeability, ten cancellous bone cores were harvested from osteoporotic vertebrae, infiltrated with acrylic cement at a constant flow rate, and the pressure drop across the cores during the infiltration was measured. The viscosity dependence of the permeability was determined based on published experimental data. The theoretical model for the permeability as a function of bone porosity and time was then fit to the testing data. Our findings suggest that the intertrabecular bone permeability depends strongly on time. For instance, the initial permeability (60.89 mm4/N.s) reduced to approximately 63\% of its original value within 18 seconds. This study is the first to analyze cement flow through osteoporotic bone. The theoretical and experimental models provided in this paper are generic. Thus, they can be used to systematically study and optimize the infiltration process for clinical practice.},
  subject      = {Osteoporose},
  language  = {en}
}