@article{LoebSchartnerDachwaldetal.2012,
  author    = {Loeb, Horst Wolfgang and Schartner, Karl-Heinz and Dachwald, Bernd and Ohndorf, Andreas and Seboldt, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Interstellar heliopause probe},
  series = {Труды МАИ},
  journal   = {Труды МАИ},
  number    = {60},
  publisher = {Moskauer Staatliches Luftfahrtinstitut (МАИ)},
  address   = {Moskau},
  pages     = {2 -- 2},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {There is common agreement within the scientific community that in order to understand our local galactic environment it will be necessary to send a spacecraft into the region beyond the solar wind termination shock. Considering distances of 200 AU for a new mission, one needs a spacecraft traveling at a speed of close to 10 AU/yr in order to keep the mission duration in the range of less than 25 yrs, a transfer time postulated by European Space Agency (ESA). Two propulsion options for the mission have been proposed and discussed so far: the solar sail propulsion and the ballistic/radioisotope-electric propulsion (REP). As a further alternative, we here investigate a combination of solar-electric propulsion (SEP) and REP. The SEP stage consists of six 22-cms diameter RIT-22 ion thrusters working with a high specific impulse of 7377 s corresponding to a positive grid voltage of 5 kV. Solar power of 53 kW at begin of mission (BOM) is provided by a lightweight solar array.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BhattaraiHorbachStaatetal.2022,
  author    = {Bhattarai, Aroj and Horbach, Andreas and Staat, Manfred and Kowalczyk, Wojciech and Tran, Thanh Ngoc},
  title     = {Virgin passive colon biomechanics and a literature review of active contraction constitutive models},
  series = {Biomechanics},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Biomechanics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2673-7078},
  doi       = {10.3390/biomechanics2020013},
  pages     = {138 -- 157},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The objective of this paper is to present our findings on the biomechanical aspects of the virgin passive anisotropic hyperelasticity of the porcine colon based on equibiaxial tensile experiments. Firstly, the characterization of the intestine tissues is discussed for a nearly incompressible hyperelastic fiber-reinforced Holzapfel-Gasser-Ogden constitutive model in virgin passive loading conditions. The stability of the evaluated material parameters is checked for the polyconvexity of the adopted strain energy function using positive eigenvalue constraints of the Hessian matrix with MATLAB. The constitutive material description of the intestine with two collagen fibers in the submucosal and muscular layer each has been implemented in the FORTRAN platform of the commercial finite element software LS-DYNA, and two equibiaxial tensile simulations are presented to validate the results with the optical strain images obtained from the experiments. Furthermore, this paper also reviews the existing models of the active smooth muscle cells, but these models have not been computationally studied here. The review part shows that the constitutive models originally developed for the active contraction of skeletal muscle based on Hill's three-element model, Murphy's four-state cross-bridge chemical kinetic model and Huxley's sliding-filament hypothesis, which are mainly used for arteries, are appropriate for numerical contraction numerical analysis of the large intestine.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PeloniCeriottiDachwald2016,
  author    = {Peloni, Alessandro and Ceriotti, Matteo and Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Solar-sail trajectory design for a multiple near-earth-asteroid rendezvous mission},
  series = {Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics},
  volume    = {39},
  journal   = {Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {AIAA},
  address   = {Reston, Va.},
  issn      = {0731-5090},
  doi       = {10.2514/1.G000470},
  pages     = {2712 -- 2724},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The scientific interest for near-Earth asteroids as well as the interest in potentially hazardous asteroids from the perspective of planetary defense led the space community to focus on near-Earth asteroid mission studies. A multiple near-Earth asteroid rendezvous mission with close-up observations of several objects can help to improve the characterization of these asteroids. This work explores the design of a solar-sail spacecraft for such a mission, focusing on the search of possible sequences of encounters and the trajectory optimization. This is done in two sequential steps: a sequence search by means of a simplified trajectory model and a set of heuristic rules based on astrodynamics, and a subsequent optimization phase. A shape-based approach for solar sailing has been developed and is used for the first phase. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a fully optimized multiple near-Earth asteroid rendezvous mission. The results show that it is possible to visit five near-Earth asteroids within 10 years with near-term solar-sail technology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DefosseKleinschmidtSchmutzetal.2022,
  author    = {Defosse, Jerome and Kleinschmidt, Joris and Schmutz, Axel and Loop, Torsten and Staat, Manfred and Gatzweiler, Karl-Heinz and Wappler, Frank and Schieren, Mark},
  title     = {Dental strain on maxillary incisors during tracheal intubation with double-lumen tubes and different laryngoscopy techniques - a blinded manikin study},
  series = {Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia},
  number    = {8, Part B},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {1053-0770},
  doi       = {10.1053/j.jvca.2022.02.017},
  pages     = {3021 -- 3027},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MandekarHollandThielenetal.2022,
  author    = {Mandekar, Swati and Holland, Abigail and Thielen, Moritz and Behbahani, Mehdi and Melnykowycz, Mark},
  title     = {Advancing towards Ubiquitous EEG, Correlation of In-Ear EEG with Forehead EEG},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s22041568},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Wearable EEG has gained popularity in recent years driven by promising uses outside of clinics and research. The ubiquitous application of continuous EEG requires unobtrusive form-factors that are easily acceptable by the end-users. In this progression, wearable EEG systems have been moving from full scalp to forehead and recently to the ear. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that emerging ear-EEG provides similar impedance and signal properties as established forehead EEG. EEG data using eyes-open and closed alpha paradigm were acquired from ten healthy subjects using generic earpieces fitted with three custom-made electrodes and a forehead electrode (at Fpx) after impedance analysis. Inter-subject variability in in-ear electrode impedance ranged from 20 kΩ to 25 kΩ at 10 Hz. Signal quality was comparable with an SNR of 6 for in-ear and 8 for forehead electrodes. Alpha attenuation was significant during the eyes-open condition in all in-ear electrodes, and it followed the structure of power spectral density plots of forehead electrodes, with the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92 between in-ear locations ELE (Left Ear Superior) and ERE (Right Ear Superior) and forehead locations, Fp1 and Fp2, respectively. The results indicate that in-ear EEG is an unobtrusive alternative in terms of impedance, signal properties and information content to established forehead EEG.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TopcuMadabhushiStaat2022,
  author    = {Top{\c{c}}u, Murat and Madabhushi, Gopal S.P. and Staat, Manfred},
  title     = {A generalized shear-lag theory for elastic stress transfer between matrix and fibres having a variable radius},
  series = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
  volume    = {239-240},
  journal   = {International Journal of Solids and Structures},
  number    = {Art. No. 111464},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {0020-7683},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2022.111464},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {A generalized shear-lag theory for fibres with variable radius is developed to analyse elastic fibre/matrix stress transfer. The theory accounts for the reinforcement of biological composites, such as soft tissue and bone tissue, as well as for the reinforcement of technical composite materials, such as fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP). The original shear-lag theory proposed by Cox in 1952 is generalized for fibres with variable radius and with symmetric and asymmetric ends. Analytical solutions are derived for the distribution of axial and interfacial shear stress in cylindrical and elliptical fibres, as well as conical and paraboloidal fibres with asymmetric ends. Additionally, the distribution of axial and interfacial shear stress for conical and paraboloidal fibres with symmetric ends are numerically predicted. The results are compared with solutions from axisymmetric finite element models. A parameter study is performed, to investigate the suitability of alternative fibre geometries for use in FRP.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WerfelGuenthnerHapfelmeieretal.2022,
  author    = {Werfel, Stanislas and G{\"u}nthner, Roman and Hapfelmeier, Alexander and Hanssen, Henner and Kotliar, Konstantin and Heemann, Uwe and Schmaderer, Christoph},
  title     = {Identification of cardiovascular high-risk groups from dynamic retinal vessel signals using untargeted machine learning},
  series = {Cardiovascular Research},
  volume    = {118},
  journal   = {Cardiovascular Research},
  number    = {2},
  editor    = {Guzik, Tomasz J.},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0008-6363},
  doi       = {10.1093/cvr/cvab040},
  pages     = {612 -- 621},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Dynamic retinal vessel analysis (DVA) provides a non-invasive way to assess microvascular function in patients and potentially to improve predictions of individual cardiovascular (CV) risk. The aim of our study was to use untargeted machine learning on DVA in order to improve CV mortality prediction and identify corresponding response alterations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlbannaConzenWeissetal.2021,
  author    = {Albanna, Walid and Conzen, Catharina and Weiss, Miriam and Seyfried, Katharina and Kotliar, Konstantin and Schmidt, Tobias Philip and Kuerten, David and Hescheler, J{\"u}rgen and Bruecken, Anne and Schmidt-Trucks{\"a}ss, Arno and Neumaier, Felix and Wiesmann, Martin and Clusmann, Hans and Schubert, Gerrit Alexander},
  title     = {Non-invasive assessment of neurovascular coupling after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective observational trial using retinal vessel analysis},
  series = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  number    = {12},
  issn      = {1664-2295},
  doi       = {10.3389/fneur.2021.690183},
  pages     = {1 -- 15},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a common complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and can lead to infarction and poor clinical outcome. The underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood, but animal models indicate that vasoactive metabolites and inflammatory cytokines produced within the subarachnoid space may progressively impair and partially invert neurovascular coupling (NVC) in the brain. Because cerebral and retinal microvasculature are governed by comparable regulatory mechanisms and may be connected by perivascular pathways, retinal vascular changes are increasingly recognized as a potential surrogate for altered NVC in the brain. Here, we used non-invasive retinal vessel analysis (RVA) to assess microvascular function in aSAH patients at different times after the ictus.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuertenKotliarFuestetal.2021,
  author    = {Kuerten, David and Kotliar, Konstantin and Fuest, Matthias and Walter, Peter and Hollstein, Muriel and Plange, Niklas},
  title     = {Does hemispheric vascular regulation differ significantly in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field asymmetry? A single-center, prospective study},
  series = {International Ophthalmology},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {International Ophthalmology},
  number    = {41},
  editor    = {Neri, Piergiorgio},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {1573-2630},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10792-021-01876-0},
  pages     = {3109 -- 3119},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose Vascular risk factors and ocular perfusion are heatedly discussed in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The retinal vessel analyzer (RVA, IMEDOS Systems, Germany) allows noninvasive measurement of retinal vessel regulation. Significant differences especially in the veins between healthy subjects and patients suffering from glaucoma were previously reported. In this pilot-study we investigated if localized vascular regulation is altered in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry. Methods 15 eyes of 12 glaucoma patients with advanced altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry were included. The mean defect was calculated for each hemisphere separately (-20.99 ± 10.49 pro- found hemispheric visual field defect vs -7.36 ± 3.97 dB less profound hemisphere). After pupil dilation, RVA measurements of retinal arteries and veins were conducted using the standard protocol. The superior and inferior retinal vessel reactivity were measured consecutively in each eye. Results Significant differences were recorded in venous vessel constriction after flicker light stimulation and overall amplitude of the reaction (p \ 0.04 and p \ 0.02 respectively) in-between the hemispheres spheres. Vessel reaction was higher in the hemisphere corresponding to the more advanced visual field defect. Arterial diameters reacted similarly, failing to reach statistical significance. Conclusion Localized retinal vessel regulation is significantly altered in glaucoma patients with asymmetri altitudinal visual field defects. Veins supplying the hemisphere concordant to a less profound visual field defect show diminished diameter changes. Vascular dysregulation might be particularly important in early glaucoma stages prior to a significant visual field defect.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinEubanksLingametal.2022,
  author    = {Hein, Andreas M. and Eubanks, T. Marshall and Lingam, Manasvi and Hibberd, Adam and Fries, Dan and Schneider, Jean and Kervella, Pierre and Kennedy, Robert and Perakis, Nikolaos and Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Interstellar now! Missions to explore nearby interstellar objects},
  series = {Advances in Space Research},
  volume    = {69},
  journal   = {Advances in Space Research},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0273-1177},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.asr.2021.06.052},
  pages     = {402 -- 414},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The recently discovered first hyperbolic objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, have raised the question about near term missions to Interstellar Objects. In situ spacecraft exploration of these objects will allow the direct determination of both their structure and their chemical and isotopic composition, enabling an entirely new way of studying small bodies from outside our solar system. In this paper, we map various Interstellar Object classes to mission types, demonstrating that missions to a range of Interstellar Object classes are feasible, using existing or near-term technology. We describe flyby, rendezvous and sample return missions to interstellar objects, showing various ways to explore these bodies characterizing their surface, dynamics, structure and composition. Their direct exploration will constrain their formation and history, situating them within the dynamical and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. These mission types also provide the opportunity to explore solar system bodies and perform measurements in the far outer solar system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KezerashviliDachwald2021,
  author    = {Kezerashvili, Roman Ya and Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Preface: Solar sailing: Concepts, technology, and missions II},
  series = {Advances in Space Research},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Advances in Space Research},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0273-1177},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.asr.2021.01.037},
  pages     = {2559 -- 2560},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpietzSproewitzSeefeldtetal.2021,
  author    = {Spietz, Peter and Spr{\"o}witz, Tom and Seefeldt, Patric and Grundmann, Jan Thimo and Jahnke, Rico and Mikschl, Tobias and Mikulz, Eugen and Montenegro, Sergio and Reershemius, Siebo and Renger, Thomas and Ruffer, Michael and Sasaki, Kaname and Sznajder, Maciej and T{\´o}th, Norbert and Ceriotti, Matteo and Dachwald, Bernd and Macdonald, Malcolm and McInnes, Colin and Seboldt, Wolfgang and Quantius, Dominik and Bauer, Waldemar and Wiedemann, Carsten and Grimm, Christian D. and Hercik, David and Ho, Tra-Mi and Lange, Caroline and Schmitz, Nicole},
  title     = {Paths not taken - The Gossamer roadmap's other options},
  series = {Advances in Space Research},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Advances in Space Research},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0273-1177},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.asr.2021.01.044},
  pages     = {2912 -- 2956},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GermanMikuckiWelchetal.2021,
  author    = {German, Laura and Mikucki, Jill A. and Welch, Susan A. and Welch, Kathleen A. and Lutton, Anthony and Dachwald, Bernd and Kowalski, Julia and Heinen, Dirk and Feldmann, Marco and Francke, Gero and Espe, Clemens and Lyons, W. Berry},
  title     = {Validation of sampling antarctic subglacial hypersaline waters with an electrothermal ice melting probe (IceMole) for environmental analytical geochemistry},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry},
  volume    = {101},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry},
  number    = {15},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0306-7319},
  doi       = {10.1080/03067319.2019.1704750},
  pages     = {2654 -- 2667},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Geochemical characterisation of hypersaline waters is difficult as high concentrations of salts hinder the analysis of constituents at low concentrations, such as trace metals, and the collection of samples for trace metal analysis in natural waters can be easily contaminated. This is particularly the case if samples are collected by non-conventional techniques such as those required for aquatic subglacial environments. In this paper we present the first analysis of a subglacial brine from Taylor Valley, (~ 78°S), Antarctica for the trace metals: Ba, Co, Mo, Rb, Sr, V, and U. Samples were collected englacially using an electrothermal melting probe called the IceMole. This probe uses differential heating of a copper head as well as the probe's sidewalls and an ice screw at the melting head to move through glacier ice. Detailed blanks, meltwater, and subglacial brine samples were collected to evaluate the impact of the IceMole and the borehole pump, the melting and collection process, filtration, and storage on the geochemistry of the samples collected by this device. Comparisons between melt water profiles through the glacier ice and blank analysis, with published studies on ice geochemistry, suggest the potential for minor contributions of some species Rb, As, Co, Mn, Ni, NH4+, and NO2-+NO3- from the IceMole. The ability to conduct detailed chemical analyses of subglacial fluids collected with melting probes is critical for the future exploration of the hundreds of deep subglacial lakes in Antarctica.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeiligersSchoutetensDachwald2021,
  author    = {Heiligers, Jeannette and Schoutetens, Frederic and Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Photon-sail equilibria in the alpha centauri system},
  series = {Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {1533-3884},
  doi       = {10.2514/1.G005446},
  pages     = {1053 -- 1061},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HunkerGossmannRamanetal.2021,
  author    = {Hunker, Jan L. and Gossmann, Matthias and Raman, Aravind Hariharan and Linder, Peter},
  title     = {Artificial neural networks in cardiac safety assessment: Classification of chemotherapeutic compound effects on hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte contractility},
  series = {Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods},
  volume    = {111},
  journal   = {Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods},
  number    = {Article number 107044},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1056-8719},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107044},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TemizArtmannKurulgandemirciFıratetal.2021,
  author    = {Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Kurulgan demirci, Eylem and F{\i}rat, Ipek Seda and Oflaz, Hakan and Artmann, Gerhard},
  title     = {Recombinant activated protein C (rhAPC) affects lipopolysaccharide-induced mechanical compliance changes and beat frequency of mESC-derived cardiomyocyte monolayers},
  series = {SHOCK},
  journal   = {SHOCK},
  publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  issn      = {1540-0514},
  doi       = {10.1097/SHK.0000000000001845},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinkeKnickerAlbracht2021,
  author    = {Heinke, Lars N. and Knicker, Axel J. and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Test-retest reliability of the internal shoulder rotator muscles' stretch reflex in healthy men},
  series = {Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology},
  volume    = {62},
  journal   = {Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology},
  number    = {Article 102611},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1050-6411},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102611},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Until now the reproducibility of the short latency stretch reflex of the internal rotator muscles of the glenohumeral joint has not been identified. Twenty-three healthy male participants performed three sets of external shoulder rotation stretches with various pre-activation levels on two different dates of measurement to assess test-retest reliability. All stretches were applied with a dynamometer acceleration of 104°/s2 and a velocity of 150°/s. Electromyographical response was measured via surface EMG. Reflex latencies showed a pre-activation effect (ƞ2 = 0,355). ICC ranged from 0,735 to 0,909 indicating an overall "good" relative reliability. SRD 95\% lay between ±7,0 to ±12,3 ms.. The reflex gain showed overall poor test-retest reproducibility. The chosen methodological approach presented a suitable test protocol for shoulder muscles stretch reflex latency evaluation. A proof-of-concept study to validate the presented methodical approach in shoulder involvement including subjects with clinically relevant conditions is recommended.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlexyukBogoyavlenskiyAlexyuketal.2021,
  author    = {Alexyuk, Madina and Bogoyavlenskiy, Andrey and Alexyuk, Pavel and Moldakhanov, Yergali and Berezin, Vladimir and Digel, Ilya},
  title     = {Epipelagic microbiome of the Small Aral Sea: Metagenomic structure and ecological diversity},
  series = {MicrobiologyOpen},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {MicrobiologyOpen},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {2045-8827},
  doi       = {10.1002/mbo3.1142},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Microbial diversity studies regarding the aquatic communities that experienced or are experiencing environmental problems are essential for the comprehension of the remediation dynamics. In this pilot study, we present data on the phylogenetic and ecological structure of microorganisms from epipelagic water samples collected in the Small Aral Sea (SAS). The raw data were generated by massive parallel sequencing using the shotgun approach. As expected, most of the identified DNA sequences belonged to Terrabacteria and Actinobacteria (40\% and 37\% of the total reads, respectively). The occurrence of Deinococcus-Thermus, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi in the epipelagic SAS waters was less anticipated. Surprising was also the detection of sequences, which are characteristic for strict anaerobes—Ignavibacteria, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, and archaeal methanogenic species. We suppose that the observed very broad range of phylogenetic and ecological features displayed by the SAS reads demonstrates a more intensive mixing of water masses originating from diverse ecological niches of the Aral-Syr Darya River basin than presumed before.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JungStaat2020,
  author    = {Jung, Alexander and Staat, Manfred},
  title     = {Erratum to "Modeling and simulation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac tissue" [GAMM-Mitteilungen, (2019), 42, 4, 10.1002/gamm.201900002]},
  series = {GAMM-Mitteilungen},
  volume    = {43},
  journal   = {GAMM-Mitteilungen},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH GmbH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1522-2608},
  doi       = {10.1002/gamm.202000011},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Staat2021,
  author    = {Staat, Manfred},
  title     = {An extension strain type Mohr-Coulomb criterion},
  series = {Rock mechanics and rock engineering},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {Rock mechanics and rock engineering},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {1434-453X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00603-021-02608-7},
  pages     = {6207 -- 6233},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Extension fractures are typical for the deformation under low or no confining pressure. They can be explained by a phenomenological extension strain failure criterion. In the past, a simple empirical criterion for fracture initiation in brittle rock has been developed. In this article, it is shown that the simple extension strain criterion makes unrealistic strength predictions in biaxial compression and tension. To overcome this major limitation, a new extension strain criterion is proposed by adding a weighted principal shear component to the simple criterion. The shear weight is chosen, such that the enriched extension strain criterion represents the same failure surface as the Mohr-Coulomb (MC) criterion. Thus, the MC criterion has been derived as an extension strain criterion predicting extension failure modes, which are unexpected in the classical understanding of the failure of cohesive-frictional materials. In progressive damage of rock, the most likely fracture direction is orthogonal to the maximum extension strain leading to dilatancy. The enriched extension strain criterion is proposed as a threshold surface for crack initiation CI and crack damage CD and as a failure surface at peak stress CP. Different from compressive loading, tensile loading requires only a limited number of critical cracks to cause failure. Therefore, for tensile stresses, the failure criteria must be modified somehow, possibly by a cut-off corresponding to the CI stress. Examples show that the enriched extension strain criterion predicts much lower volumes of damaged rock mass compared to the simple extension strain criterion.},
  language  = {en}
}