@inproceedings{MertenConradKaemperetal.2006,
  author    = {Merten, Sabine and Conrad, Thorsten and K{\"a}mper, Klaus-Peter and Picard, Antoni and Sch{\"u}tze, Andreas},
  title     = {Virtual Technology Labs - an efficient tool for the preparation of hands-on-MEMS-courses in training foundries},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Hands-on-training in high technology areas is usually limited due to the high cost for lab infrastructure and equipment. One specific example is the field of MEMS, where investment and upkeep of clean rooms with microtechnology equipment is either financed by production or R\&D projects greatly reducing the availability for education purposes. For efficient hands-on-courses a MEMS training foundry, currently used jointly by six higher education institutions, was established at FH Kaiserslautern. In a typical one week course, students manufacture a micromachined pressure sensor including all lithography, thin film and packaging steps. This compact and yet complete program is only possible because participants learn to use the different complex machines in advance via a Virtual Training Lab (VTL). In this paper we present the concept of the MEMS training foundry and the VTL preparation together with results from a scientific evaluation of the VTL over the last three years.},
  subject      = {Virtuelles Laboratorium},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MansurovZhubanovaDigeletal.2008,
  author    = {Mansurov, Zulkhair and Zhubanova, Azhar A. and Digel, Ilya and Artmann, Gerhard and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Savitskaja, Irina S. and Kozhalakova, A. A. and Kistaubaeva, Aida S.},
  title     = {The sorption of LPS toxic shock by nanoparticles on base of carbonized vegetable raw materials},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Immobilization of lactobacillus on high temperature carbonizated vegetable raw material (rice husk, grape stones) increases their physiological activity and the quantity of the antibacterial metabolits, that consequently lead to increase of the antagonistic activity of lactobacillus. It is implies that the use of the nanosorbents for the attachment of the probiotical microorganisms are highly perspective for decision the important problems, such as the probiotical preparations delivery to the right address and their attachment to intestines mucosa with the following detoxication of gastro-intestinal tract and the normalization of it's microecology. Besides that, thus, the received carbonizated nanoparticles have peculiar properties - ability to sorption of LPS toxical shock and, hence, to the detoxication of LPS.},
  subject      = {Kohlenstofffaser},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Lohr2007,
  author    = {Lohr, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {High Quality Streaming und High Definition Media Services},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {In: Konferenzband zur Konferenz Medienproduktion 2007, 1.12.2008. 29 S. High Quality Streaming besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit High Definition Television und Mehrkanal Sound. In diesem Beitrag werden die Technologien und Anwendungsperspektiven f{\"u}r HD Medien-Dienstleistungen beschrieben. Der Beitrag entstand im Rahmen der Konferenz Medienproduktion „Expansion und Mobilit{\"a}t" am 7. Dezember 2007. Der Beitrag beschreibt Gesch{\"a}ftsmodelle, Technologien und neue Anwendungen f{\"u}r High Quality Streaming. Neben der Pr{\"a}sentation wurden auch die Medienproduktionen der unterschiedlichen HQ-Mediendienste vorgef{\"u}hrt. Die Mediendienste sind im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeit High Quality Media Services des Studiengangs Communication and Multimedia Design (Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik) an der Fachhochschule Aachen entstanden. Eine Marktevaluierung der deutschen und niederl{\"a}ndischen M{\"a}rkte, internationale Expertengespr{\"a}chen sowie ein Prototypen HDMediaservices bilden die Basis der Forschungsarbeit. Die Mediendienste stehen zur Demonstration unter dem Link media.fh-aachen.de bereit. HQ-Mediendienste bedeuten: Gestochen scharfe Bilder in High Definition, volle Kl{\"a}nge in Surround und das {\"u}ber das Internet, wo doch gerade mal die briefmarkengroßen Bilder mit unscharfen Konturen und kr{\"a}tzenden Kl{\"a}ngen der heutigen Portale wie YouTube Alltag sind.},
  subject      = {HDTV},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{LeiMulchandaniChenetal.2006,
  author    = {Lei, Yu and Mulchandani, Priti and Chen, Wilfred and Mulchandani, Ashok},
  title     = {Biosensor for direct determination of fenitrothion and EPN using recombinant Pseudomonas putida JS444 with surface expressed organophosphorus hydrolase. 1. modified clark oxygen electrode},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1573},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {This paper reports a first microbial biosensor for rapid and cost-effective determination of organophosphorus pesticides fenitrothion and EPN. The biosensor consisted of recombinant PNP-degrading/oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas putida JS444 anchoring and displaying organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) on its cell surface as biological sensing element and a dissolved oxygen electrode as the transducer. Surfaceexpressed OPH catalyzed the hydrolysis of fenitrothion and EPN to release 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol, respectively, which were oxidized by the enzymatic machinery of Pseudomonas putida JS444 to carbon dioxide while consuming oxygen, which was measured and correlated to the concentration of organophosphates. Under the optimum operating conditions, the biosensor was able to measure as low as 277 ppb of fenitrothion and 1.6 ppm of EPN without interference from phenolic compounds and other commonly used pesticides such as carbamate pesticides, triazine herbicides and organophosphate pesticides without nitrophenyl substituent. The applicability of the biosensor to lake water was also demonstrated.},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LangWirtzHeitzeretal.1999,
  author    = {Lang, H. and Wirtz, K. and Heitzer, Michael and Staat, Manfred and Oettel, R.},
  title     = {Zyklische Einspielversuche zur Verifikation von Shakedown-Analysen mittels FEM},
  year      = {1999},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen von Erm{\"u}dungsanalysen ist nachzuweisen, daß die thermisch bedingten fortschreitenden Deformationen begrenzt bleiben. Hierzu ist die Abgrenzung des Shakedown-Bereiches (Einspielen) vom Ratchetting-Bereich (fortschreitende Deformation) von Interesse. Im Rahmen eines EU-gef{\"o}rderten Forschungsvorhabens wurden Experimente mit einem 4-Stab-Modell durchgef{\"u}hrt. Das Experiment bestand aus einem wassergek{\"u}hlten inneren Rohr und drei isolierten und beheizbaren {\"a}ußeren Probest{\"a}ben. Das System wurde durch alternierende Axialkr{\"a}fte, denen alternierende Temperaturen an den {\"a}ußeren St{\"a}ben {\"u}berlagert wurden, belastet. Die Versuchsparameter wurden teilweise nach vorausgegangenen Einspielanalysen gew{\"a}hlt. W{\"a}hrend der Versuchsdurchf{\"u}hrung wurden Temperaturen und Dehnungen zeitabh{\"a}ngig gemessen. Begleitend und nachfolgend zur Versuchsdurchf{\"u}hrung wurden die Belastungen und die daraus resultierenden Beanspruchungen nachvollzogen. Bei dieser inkrementellen elasto-plastischen Analyse mit dem Programm ANSYS wurden unterschiedliche Werkstoffmodelle angesetzt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Simulationsberechnung dienen dazu, die Shakedown-Analysen mittels FE-Methode zu verifizieren.},
  subject      = {Einspielen <Werkstoff>},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KurulganDemirciLinderDemircietal.2010,
  author    = {Kurulgan Demirci, Eylem and Linder, Peter and Demirci, Taylan and Gierkowski, Jessica R. and Digel, Ilya and Gossmann, Matthias and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l},
  title     = {rhAPC reduces the endothelial cell permeability via a decrease of cellular mechanical contractile tensions : [abstract]},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In this study, the CellDrum technology quanitfying cellular mechanical tension on a pico-scale was used to investigate the effect of LPS (lipopolysaccharide) on HAoEC (Human Aortic Endothelial Cell) tension.},
  subject      = {Endothelzelle},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KronhardtAlexopoulosReisseletal.2015,
  author    = {Kronhardt, Valentina and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Reißel, Martin and Latzke, Markus and Rendon, C. and Sattler, Johannes, Christoph and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Simulation of operational management for the Solar Thermal Test and Demonstration Power Plant J{\"u}lich using optimized control strategies of the storage system},
  series = {Energy procedia},
  booktitle = {Energy procedia},
  issn      = {1876-6102},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KrichelKernKraemeretal.2003,
  author    = {Krichel, Frank and Kern, Alexander and Kr{\"a}mer, Heinz-Josef and Wettingfeld, J{\"u}rgen and Reetz, Josef and Kienlein, Manfred},
  title     = {Blitzschutzmaßnahmen f{\"u}r Photovoltaik- und kleine Windenergieanlagen - Einige Beispiele},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Ein von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft (AG) Solar NRW und diversen Industriepartnern gef{\"o}rdertes und an der Fachhochschule Aachen, Abt. J{\"u}lich durchgef{\"u}hrtes Forschungsprojekt „Blitzschutz f{\"u}r netz-autarke Hybridanlagen" machte es m{\"o}glich, sich mit dem Blitzschutz speziell solcher Anlagen n{\"a}her zu besch{\"a}ftigen. Vermehrt bekannt gewordene Schadensf{\"a}lle an nicht netz-gekoppelten Hybridanlagen waren der Ausl{\"o}ser, den Schutz zu {\"u}berdenken. Definiertes Ziel war es, f{\"u}r netz-autarke energietechnische Anlagen ein Konzept zum Schutz vor Blitzeinwirkungen zu erstellen. Diese Anlagen bestehen {\"u}blicherweise aus einer oder mehreren Photovoltaikanlagen, ggf. auch Solarthermieanlagen und einem oder mehreren kleineren Windgeneratoren (sie werden deshalb auch als Hybridanlagen bezeichnet). Zur Erh{\"o}hung der Versorgungssicherheit kann noch ein Dieselaggregat dazukommen. Hybridanlagen werden vor allem in Gebieten mit sehr schlechter {\"o}ffentlicher Energieversorgung eingesetzt, d.h. insbesondere in relativ d{\"u}nn bewohnten Gebieten und in Entwicklungsl{\"a}ndern. Dem Blitzschutz von Hybridanlagen kommt dabei eine steigende Bedeutung zu. Besonderes Augenmerk in dem genannten Forschungsprojekt sollte dabei auf die technisch/wirtschaftliche Ausgewogenheit des Schutzes gelegt werden: • die Schutzmaßnahmen sollen nur in solchen F{\"a}llen eingesetzt werden, wo dies als Ergebnis von Risikoanalysen sinnvoll erscheint; • f{\"u}r typische netz-autarke Hybridanlagen sollen die Schutzmaßnahmen ohne deutliche Verteuerung realisierbar sein (es soll also kein absoluter Schutz realisiert werden; ggf. soll lediglich der auftretende Schaden soweit m{\"o}glich minimiert werden). Dazu wurde in einem ersten Schritt zun{\"a}chst eine Aufnahme des Iststandes einiger typischer netz-autarker Hybridanlagen und deren einzelnen Komponenten durchgef{\"u}hrt. Aufgrund dessen wurde eine umfassende Risikoanalyse zur Blitzbedrohung dieser Anlagen auf der Basis von VDE V 0185 Teil 2:2002-11 [1] erstellt. Die Ergebnisse m{\"u}ndeten in ein technisch/wirtschaftlich ausgewogenes Konzept f{\"u}r den Anlagen- Blitzschutz (d.h. insbesondere dem Schutz vor direkten Blitzeinschl{\"a}gen und deren unmittelbaren Auswirkungen) nach VDE V 0185 Teil 3:2002-11 [2] und f{\"u}r den Elektronik-Blitzschutz (d.h. f{\"u}r den Schutz vor {\"U}berspannungen durch direkte, insbesondere aber auch indirekte Blitzeinschl{\"a}ge) nach VDE V 0185 Teil 4:2002-11 [3]. Aufgrund der gesammelten Ergebnisse konnten dabei allgemeine Empfehlungen f{\"u}r den {\"A}ußeren und Inneren Blitzschutz von regenerativen Energieerzeugungssystemen erstellt werden. Diese sollen in Schulungen einm{\"u}nden, die f{\"u}r Hersteller und Betreiber von Hybridanlagen angeboten werden. Durch die Anwendung wird der Schutz der Anlagen vor Blitzeinwirkung und elektromagnetischen St{\"o}rungen verbessert, was sich in einer reduzierten Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit bzw. erh{\"o}hten Verf{\"u}gbarkeit wiederspiegelt. An einigen ausgew{\"a}hlten Anlagen werden mit Hilfe der im Projekt involvierten Industriepartner die Schutzmaßnahmen realisiert. Hierbei entstanden den Eigent{\"u}mern bzw. Betreibern der Anlagen keine Kosten. In diesem Beitrag werden beispielhaft drei Anlagenprojekte detailliert gezeigt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Schweinezuchtfarm in Magall{\´o}n (Spanien, Zaragozza), das bioklimatische Haus (Kreta, Heraklion) und die Tegernseer- H{\"u}tte (Deutschland, Lenggries).},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KreyerStollenwerkSchoening2013,
  author    = {Kreyer, J{\"o}rg and Stollenwerk, Dominik and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Tagung des Forschernachwuchses der FH Aachen 20. November 2013 / ed.: J. Kreyer, D. Stollenwerk, M. J. Sch{\"o}ning},
  publisher = {FH Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  pages     = {64 S.},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KreutzLoergenGraeweetal.2006,
  author    = {Kreutz, Christian and L{\"o}rgen, J{\"u}rgen and Graewe, Boris and Bargon, Joachim and Yoshida, Mayumi and Freso, Zachary M. and Fr{\`e}chet, Jean M. J.},
  title     = {High frequency quartz micro balances: a promising path to enhanced sensitivity of gravimetric sensors},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1445},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {An array of 50 MHz quartz microbalances (QMBs) coated with a dendronized polymer was used to detect small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the gas phase. The results were compared to those obtained with the commonly used 10 MHz QMBs. The 50 MHz QMBs proved to be a powerful tool for the detection of VOCs in the gas phase; therefore, they represent a promising alternative to the much more delicate surface acoustic wave devices (SAWs).},
  subject      = {Biosensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Kretschmann2006,
  author    = {Kretschmann, Lars},
  title     = {Planung und Bauleitung Buschtunnel Aachen},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In: Alfha.net / Sektion Bauingenieurwesen: 1. [Erster] Erfahrungsaustausch : Absolventen des Fachbereichs Bauingenieurwesens berichten. 13. Oktober 2006. S. 16-17 Der Umbau des Aachener Buschtunnels im Rahmen des europ{\"a}ischen Hochgeschwindigkeitsschienennetzes wird im sogenannten "Neuen {\"O}sterreichischen Tunnelbauverfahren (NOeT)", also ein Ausbau in Kalotte, Strosse und Sohle durchgef{\"u}hrt.},
  subject      = {Bauplanung},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KraftZoell2014,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Z{\"o}ll, Axel},
  title     = {Von der Langstrecke zum Sprint - Agile Methoden in traditionellen Unternehmen},
  series = {Projektmanagement und Vorgehensmodelle 2014 : soziale Aspekte und Standardisierung},
  booktitle = {Projektmanagement und Vorgehensmodelle 2014 : soziale Aspekte und Standardisierung},
  editor    = {Engstler, Martin},
  publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address   = {Bonn},
  organization    = {FH Aachen, University of Applied Sciences},
  isbn      = {978-3-88579-630-5},
  pages     = {35 -- 46},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KraftWilhelms2005,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Wilhelms, Nils},
  title     = {Visual Knowledge Specification for Conceptual Design},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Proc. of the 2005 ASCE Intl. Conf. on Computing in Civil Engineering (ICCC 2005) eds. L. Soibelman und F. Pena-Mora, Seite 1-14, ASCE (CD-ROM), Cancun, Mexico, 2005 Current CAD tools are not able to support the fundamental conceptual design phase, and none of them provides consistency analyses of sketches produced by architects. To give architects a greater support at the conceptual design phase, we develop a CAD tool for conceptual design and a knowledge specification tool allowing the definition of conceptually relevant knowledge. The knowledge is specific to one class of buildings and can be reused. Based on a dynamic knowledge model, different types of design rules formalize the knowledge in a graph-based realization. An expressive visual language provides a user-friendly, human readable representation. Finally, consistency analyses enable conceptual designs to be checked against this defined knowledge. In this paper we concentrate on the knowledge specification part of our project.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftWilhelms2004,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Wilhelms, N.},
  title     = {Interactive distributed knowledge support for conceptual building design},
  isbn      = {3-86068-213-X},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In: Net-distributed Co-operation : Xth International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Weimar, June 02 - 04, 2004 ; proceedings / [ed. by Karl Beuke ...] . - Weimar: Bauhaus-Univ. Weimar 2004. - 1. Aufl. . Seite 1-14 ISBN 3-86068-213-X International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering <10, 2004, Weimar> Summary In our project, we develop new tools for the conceptual design phase. During conceptual design, the coarse functionality and organization of a building is more important than a detailed worked out construction. We identify two roles, first the knowledge engineer who is responsible for knowledge definition and maintenance; second the architect who elaborates the conceptual de-sign. The tool for the knowledge engineer is based on graph technology, it is specified using PROGRES and the UPGRADE framework. The tools for the architect are integrated to the in-dustrial CAD tool ArchiCAD. Consistency between knowledge and conceptual design is en-sured by the constraint checker, another extension to ArchiCAD.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftSchneider2005,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Schneider, Gerd},
  title     = {Semantic Roomobjects for Conceptual Design Support : A Knowledge-based Approach},
  isbn      = {978-1-4020-3460-2},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {In: Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 2005, Part 4, 207-216, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3698-1_19 The conceptual design at the beginning of the building construction process is essential for the success of a building project. Even if some CAD tools allow elaborating conceptual sketches, they rather focus on the shape of the building elements and not on their functionality. We introduce semantic roomobjects and roomlinks, by way of example to the CAD tool ArchiCAD. These extensions provide a basis for specifying the organisation and functionality of a building and free architects being forced to directly produce detailed constructive sketches. Furthermore, we introduce consistency analyses of the conceptual sketch, based on an ontology containing conceptual relevant knowledge, specific to one class of buildings.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftRetkowitz2005,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Retkowitz, Daniel},
  title     = {Operationale Semantikdefinition f{\"u}r konzeptuelles Regelwissen},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {In: Forum Bauinformatik 2005 : junge Wissenschaftler forschen / [Lehrstuhl Bauinformatik, Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus. Frank Schley ... (Hrsg.)]. - Cottbus : Techn. Universit{\"a}t 2005. S. 1-10 ISBN 3-934934-11-0 Mittels eines operationalen Ansatzes zur Semantikdefinition wird am Bei-spiel des konzeptuellen Geb{\"a}udeentwurfs ein Regelsystem formalisiert. Dazu werdenzwei Teile, zum einen das Regelwissen, zum anderen ein konzeptueller Entwurfsplan zun{\"a}chst informell eingef{\"u}hrt und dann formal beschrieben. Darauf aufbauend wird die Grundlage f{\"u}r eine Konsistenzpr{\"u}fung des konzeptuellen Entwurfs gegen das Regel-wissen formal angeben},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KraftRetkowitz2006,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Retkowitz, Daniel},
  title     = {Graph Transformations for Dynamic Knowledge Processing},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2006. HICSS '06 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.200 The conceptual design phase at the beginning of the building construction process is not adequately supported by any CAD-tool. Conceptual design support needs regarding two aspects: first, the architect must be able to develop conceptual sketches that provide abstraction from constructive details. Second, conceptually relevant knowledge should be available to check these conceptual sketches. The paper deals with knowledge to formalize for conceptual design. To enable domain experts formalizing knowledge, a graph-based specification is presented that allows the development of a domain ontology and design rules specific for one class of buildings at runtime. The provided tool support illustrates the introduced concepts and demonstrates the consistency analysis between knowledge and conceptual design.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KraftRetkowitz2006,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Retkowitz, Daniel},
  title     = {Rule-Dependencies for Visual Knowledge Specification in Conceptual Design},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In: Proc. of the 11th Intl. Conf. on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE-XI) ed. Hugues Rivard, Montreal, Canada, Seite 1-12, ACSE (CD-ROM), 2006 Currently, the conceptual design phase is not adequately supported by any CAD tool. Neither the support while elaborating conceptual sketches, nor the automatic proof of correctness with respect to effective restrictions is currently provided by any commercial tool. To enable domain experts to store the common as well as their personal domain knowledge, we develop a visual language for knowledge formalization. In this paper, a major extension to the already existing concepts is introduced. The possibility to define rule dependencies extends the expressiveness of the knowledge definition language and contributes to the usability of our approach.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftNagl2003,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Nagl, Manfred},
  title     = {Support of Conceptual Design in Civil Engineering by Graph-based Tools},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {WS GTaD-2003 - The 1st Workshop on Graph Transformations and Design ed Grabska, E., Seite 6-7, Jagiellonian University Krakow. 2 pages},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KraftNagl2004,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Nagl, Manfred},
  title     = {Parameterized specification of conceptual design tools in civil engineering},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004, Volume 3062/2004, 90-105, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-25959-6_7 In this paper we discuss how tools for conceptual design in civil engineering can be developed using graph transformation specifications. These tools consist of three parts: (a) for elaborating specific conceptual knowledge (knowledge engineer), (b) for working out conceptual design results (architect), and (c) automatic consistency analyses which guarantee that design results are consistent with the underlying specific conceptual knowledge. For the realization of such tools we use a machinery based on graph transformations. In a traditional PROGRES tool specification the conceptual knowledge for a class of buildings is hard-wired within the specification. This is not appropriate for the experimentation platform approach we present in this paper, as objects and relations for conceptual knowledge are due to many changes, implied by evaluation of their use and corresponding improvements. Therefore, we introduce a parametric specification method with the following characteristics: (1) The underlying specific knowledge for a class of buildings is not fixed. Instead, it is built up as a data base by using the knowledge tools. (2) The specification for the architect tools also does not incorporate specific conceptual knowledge. (3) An incremental checker guarantees whether a design result is consistent with the current state of the underlying conceptual knowledge (data base).},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {de}
}