@article{FunkeBeckmannKeinzetal.2018, author = {Funke, Harald and Beckmann, Nils and Keinz, Jan and Abanteriba, Sylvester}, title = {Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-Nox-Micromix-Combustion}, series = {Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power}, volume = {140}, journal = {Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power}, number = {8}, publisher = {ASME}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {0742-4795}, doi = {10.1115/1.4038882}, pages = {9 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The Dry-Low-NOx (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing (JICF). Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOx emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. In the Micromix research approach, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses are validated toward experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOx emissions. The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort. The performance of a hybrid eddy-break-up (EBU) model with a one-step global reaction is compared to a complex chemistry model and a flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) model, both using detailed reaction schemes for hydrogen or syngas combustion. Validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors. The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The FGM method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry.}, language = {en} } @article{DickhoffHorikawaFunke2021, author = {Dickhoff, Jens and Horikawa, Atsushi and Funke, Harald}, title = {Hydrogen Combustion - new DLE Combustor Addresses NOx Emissions and Flashback}, series = {Turbomachinery international : the global journal of energy equipment}, volume = {62}, journal = {Turbomachinery international : the global journal of energy equipment}, number = {4}, publisher = {MJH Life Sciences}, address = {Cranbury}, issn = {2767-2328}, pages = {26 -- 27}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{FunkeBeckmannAbanteriba2019, author = {Funke, Harald and Beckmann, Nils and Abanteriba, Sylvester}, title = {An overview on dry low NOx micromix combustor development for hydrogen-rich gas turbine applications}, series = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {44}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, number = {13}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.161}, pages = {6978 -- 6990}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{FunkeBeckmannKeinzetal.2016, author = {Funke, Harald and Beckmann, Nils and Keinz, Jan and Abanteriba, Sylvester}, title = {Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-NOx-Micromix-Combustion}, series = {ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions Seoul, South Korea, June 13-17, 2016}, journal = {ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions Seoul, South Korea, June 13-17, 2016}, publisher = {ASME}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-0-7918-4975-0}, doi = {10.1115/GT2016-56430}, pages = {12}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The Dry-Low-NOₓ (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing. Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOₓ emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. In the Micromix research approach, CFD analyses are validated towards experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOₓ emissions. The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort. For pure hydrogen combustion a one-step global reaction is applied using a hybrid Eddy-Break-up model that incorporates finite rate kinetics. The model is evaluated and compared to a detailed hydrogen combustion mechanism derived by Li et al. including 9 species and 19 reversible elementary reactions. Based on this mechanism, reduction of the computational effort is achieved by applying the Flamelet Generated Manifolds (FGM) method while the accuracy of the detailed reaction scheme is maintained. For hydrogen-rich syngas combustion (H₂-CO) numerical analyses based on a skeletal H₂/CO reaction mechanism derived by Hawkes et al. and a detailed reaction mechanism provided by Ranzi et al. are performed. The comparison between combustion models and the validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors. The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The Flamelet Generated Manifolds method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry. Especially for reaction mechanisms with a high number of species accuracy and computational effort can be balanced using the FGM model.}, language = {en} } @article{FunkeEschRoosen2022, author = {Funke, Harald and Esch, Thomas and Roosen, Petra}, title = {Antriebssystemanpassungen zur Verwendung von LPG als Flugkraftstoff}, series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ)}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ)}, number = {83}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.1007/s35146-021-0778-2}, pages = {58 -- 62}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Auch in der allgemeinen Luftfahrt w{\"a}re es w{\"u}nschenswert, die bereits vorhandenen Verbrennungsmotoren mit weniger CO₂-tr{\"a}chtigen Kraftstoffen als dem heute weit verbreiteten Avgas 100LL betreiben zu k{\"o}nnen. Es ist anzunehmen, dass im Vergleich die unter Normalbedingungen gasf{\"o}rmigen Kraftstoffe CNG, LPG oder LNG deutlich weniger Emissionen produzieren. Erforderliche Antriebssystemanpassungen wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts an der FH Aachen untersucht.}, language = {de} } @article{FunkeEschRoosen2022, author = {Funke, Harald and Esch, Thomas and Roosen, Petra}, title = {Powertrain Adaptions for LPG Usage in General Aviation}, series = {MTZ worldwide}, volume = {2022}, journal = {MTZ worldwide}, number = {83}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.1007/s38313-021-0756-6}, pages = {58 -- 62}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In general aviation, too, it is desirable to be able to operate existing internal combustion engines with fuels that produce less CO₂ than Avgas 100LL being widely used today It can be assumed that, in comparison, the fuels CNG, LPG or LNG, which are gaseous under normal conditions, produce significantly lower emissions. Necessary propulsion system adaptations were investigated as part of a research project at Aachen University of Applied Sciences.}, language = {en} }