@inproceedings{MagnorSoltauBragardetal.2010,
  author    = {Magnor, D. and Soltau, N. and Bragard, Michael and Schmiegel, A. and De Doncker, R. W. and Sauer, D. U.},
  title     = {Analysis of the model dynamics for the battery and battery converter in a grid-connected 5 kW photovoltaic system},
  series = {Proceedings / 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition ; 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion ; Feria Valencia, Convention \& Exhibition Centre, Valencia, Spain, conference 6 - 10 September 2010, exhibition 6 - 9 September 2010 ; Joint World Conference of: 25th European Photovoltic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 36th US IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 20th Asia/Pacific PV Science and Engineering Conference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings / 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition ; 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion ; Feria Valencia, Convention \& Exhibition Centre, Valencia, Spain, conference 6 - 10 September 2010, exhibition 6 - 9 September 2010 ; Joint World Conference of: 25th European Photovoltic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 36th US IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 20th Asia/Pacific PV Science and Engineering Conference},
  editor    = {de Santi, Giovanni Frederigo},
  publisher = {WIP Renewable Energies},
  address   = {[M{\"u}nchen]},
  isbn      = {3-936338-26-4 (DVD-ROM)},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchmiegelKochDittmeretal.2010,
  author    = {Schmiegel, A. and Koch, K. and Dittmer, M. and Braun, M. and Landau, M. and Dick, C. and Bragard, Michael and [u.a.],},
  title     = {Das Sol-ion System : ein System zur Optimierung des Eigenverbrauchs von PV-Strom},
  series = {Photovoltaische Solarenergie : 25. Symposium ; 03. - 05. M{\"a}rz 2010, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein. - (Wissen f{\"u}r Profis)},
  booktitle = {Photovoltaische Solarenergie : 25. Symposium ; 03. - 05. M{\"a}rz 2010, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein. - (Wissen f{\"u}r Profis)},
  publisher = {OTTI, Ostbayerisches Technologie-Transfer-Inst.},
  address   = {Regensburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-941785-23-6},
  pages     = {354 -- 359},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BragardKoellenspergerDeDoncker2007,
  author    = {Bragard, Michael and K{\"o}llensperger, P. and De Doncker, R. W.},
  title     = {Der Internally Commutated Thyristor (ICT) : ein neuartiger GCT mit integrierter Ausschalteinheit},
  series = {"Nowoczesne urządzenia zasilające w energetyce" : X międzynarodowa konferencja naukowo techniczna, Zakopane, 14-16 marca 2007 r. : materiały konferencyjne},
  booktitle = {"Nowoczesne urządzenia zasilające w energetyce" : X międzynarodowa konferencja naukowo techniczna, Zakopane, 14-16 marca 2007 r. : materiały konferencyjne},
  editor    = {Dmowski, Antoni},
  publisher = {APS Energia},
  address   = {Warszawa},
  isbn      = {83-918709-7-9},
  pages     = {7.1 -- 7.9},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{NoetzoldUphuesWegeneretal.2013,
  author    = {N{\"o}tzold, K. and Uphues, A. and Wegener, R. and Fink, K. and Bragard, Michael and Griessel, R. and Soter, S.},
  title     = {Inverter based test setup for LVRT verification of a full-scale 2 MW wind power converter},
  series = {15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE), 2013 : 2 - 6 Sept. 2013, Lille, France / [EPE Association; PELS, IEEE Power Electronics Society]},
  booktitle = {15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE), 2013 : 2 - 6 Sept. 2013, Lille, France / [EPE Association; PELS, IEEE Power Electronics Society]},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  isbn      = {978-1-4799-0115-9 (Online-Ausg.)},
  doi       = {10.1109/EPE.2013.6634752},
  pages     = {1037 -- 1042},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{NoetzoldUphuesWegeneretal.2012,
  author    = {N{\"o}tzold, K. and Uphues, A. and Wegener, R. and Soter, S. and Fink, K. and Bragard, Michael and Griessel, R.},
  title     = {Inverter based test setup for LVRT verification of a full-scale 2 MW wind power converter},
  series = {EPE Joint Wind Energy and T\&D Chapters Seminar : 28th and 29th of June 2012, in the Utzon Centre, Aalborg, Denmark ; papers, posters, presentations. - Session 2: Grid connection, compliance},
  booktitle = {EPE Joint Wind Energy and T\&D Chapters Seminar : 28th and 29th of June 2012, in the Utzon Centre, Aalborg, Denmark ; papers, posters, presentations. - Session 2: Grid connection, compliance},
  publisher = {EPE Association},
  address   = {Brussels},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KoellenspergerBragardPlumetal.2007,
  author    = {K{\"o}llensperger, P. and Bragard, Michael and Plum, T. and De Doncker, R. W.},
  title     = {The dual GCT : a new high-power device using optimized GCT technology},
  series = {Conference record of the 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Conference : 42. IAS annual meeting ; September 23 - 27, 2007, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA},
  booktitle = {Conference record of the 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Conference : 42. IAS annual meeting ; September 23 - 27, 2007, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA},
  publisher = {IEEE Operations Center},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  isbn      = {978-1-4244-1260-0 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.1109/07IAS.2007.76},
  pages     = {358 -- 365},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BragardSoltauDeDonckeretal.2010,
  author    = {Bragard, Michael and Soltau, N. and De Doncker, R. W. and Schmiegel, A.},
  title     = {Design and implementation of a 5 kW photovoltaic system with li-ion battery and additional DC-DC converter},
  series = {2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2010) : Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 12 - 16 September 2010 / [sponsored by the IEEE Power Electronics and Industry Applications Societies]},
  booktitle = {2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2010) : Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 12 - 16 September 2010 / [sponsored by the IEEE Power Electronics and Industry Applications Societies]},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  isbn      = {978-1-4244-5286-6 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1109/ECCE.2010.5618220},
  pages     = {2944 -- 2949},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BragardConradDeDoncker2010,
  author    = {Bragard, Michael and Conrad, M. and De Doncker, R. W.},
  title     = {The integrated emitter turn-off thyristor (IETO) : an innovative thyristor based high power semiconductor device using MOS assisted turn-off},
  series = {2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2010) : Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 12 - 16 September 2010 / [sponsored by the IEEE Power Electronics and Industry Applications Societies]},
  booktitle = {2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2010) : Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 12 - 16 September 2010 / [sponsored by the IEEE Power Electronics and Industry Applications Societies]},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  isbn      = {978-1-4244-5286-6 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1109/ECCE.2010.5618410},
  pages     = {4551 -- 4557},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BragardRongeDeDoncker2011,
  author    = {Bragard, Michael and Ronge, C. and De Doncker, R. W.},
  title     = {Sandwich design of high-power thyristor based devices with integrated MOSFET structure},
  series = {Proceedings of the 2011 - 14th - European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 2011) : Aug. 30, 2011 - Sept. 1, 2011, Birmingham, United Kingdom},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 - 14th - European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 2011) : Aug. 30, 2011 - Sept. 1, 2011, Birmingham, United Kingdom},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  isbn      = {978-1-61284-167-0 (Print)},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BragardGottschlichDeDoncker2011,
  author    = {Bragard, Michael and Gottschlich, J. and De Doncker, R. W.},
  title     = {Design and realization of a credit card size driver stage for high power thyristor based devices with integrated MOS structure},
  series = {2011 IEEE 8th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE \& ECCE 2011) : Jeju, South Korea, 30 May 2011 - 3 June 2011 / [co-sponsored by the Korean Institute of Power Electronics ...]},
  booktitle = {2011 IEEE 8th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE \& ECCE 2011) : Jeju, South Korea, 30 May 2011 - 3 June 2011 / [co-sponsored by the Korean Institute of Power Electronics ...]},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  isbn      = {978-1-61284-958-4 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1109/ICPE.2011.5944661},
  pages     = {1182 -- 1189},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WittigRuettersBragard2024,
  author    = {Wittig, M. and R{\"u}tters, Ren{\´e} and Bragard, Michael},
  title     = {Application of RL in control systems using the example of a rotatory inverted pendulum},
  series = {Tagungsband AALE 2024 : Fit f{\"u}r die Zukunft: praktische L{\"o}sungen f{\"u}r die industrielle Automation},
  booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2024 : Fit f{\"u}r die Zukunft: praktische L{\"o}sungen f{\"u}r die industrielle Automation},
  editor    = {Reiff-Stephan, J{\"o}rg and J{\"a}kel, Jens and Schwarz, Andr{\´e}},
  publisher = {le-tex publishing services GmbH},
  address   = {Leipzig},
  isbn      = {978-3-910103-02-3},
  doi       = {10.33968/2024.53},
  pages     = {241 -- 248},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {In this paper, the use of reinforcement learning (RL) in control systems is investigated using a rotatory inverted pendulum as an example. The control behavior of an RL controller is compared to that of traditional LQR and MPC controllers. This is done by evaluating their behavior under optimal conditions, their disturbance behavior, their robustness and their development process. All the investigated controllers are developed using MATLAB and the Simulink simulation environment and later deployed to a real pendulum model powered by a Raspberry Pi. The RL algorithm used is Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). The LQR controller exhibits an easy development process, an average to good control behavior and average to good robustness. A linear MPC controller could show excellent results under optimal operating conditions. However, when subjected to disturbances or deviations from the equilibrium point, it showed poor performance and sometimes instable behavior. Employing a nonlinear MPC Controller in real time was not possible due to the high computational effort involved. The RL controller exhibits by far the most versatile and robust control behavior. When operated in the simulation environment, it achieved a high control accuracy. When employed in the real system, however, it only shows average accuracy and a significantly greater performance loss compared to the simulation than the traditional controllers. With MATLAB, it is not yet possible to directly post-train the RL controller on the Raspberry Pi, which is an obstacle to the practical application of RL in a prototyping or teaching setting. Nevertheless, RL in general proves to be a flexible and powerful control method, which is well suited for complex or nonlinear systems where traditional controllers struggle.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BindzusBragard2018,
  author    = {Bindzus, Manuel and Bragard, Michael},
  title     = {Motivating Intuitive Understanding of the Switched Reluctance Machine in the Education of Undergraduate Students},
  series = {2018 IEEE 59th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)},
  booktitle = {2018 IEEE 59th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)},
  isbn      = {978-1-5386-6903-7},
  doi       = {10.1109/RTUCON.2018.8659870},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BragardHoekHoegenetal.2018,
  author    = {Bragard, Michael and Hoek, Hauke van and Hoegen, Anne von and Doncker, Rik W. De},
  title     = {Motivation-based Learning: Teaching Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering with an LED Spinning Top},
  series = {2018 IEEE 59th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)},
  booktitle = {2018 IEEE 59th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)},
  isbn      = {978-1-5386-6903-7},
  doi       = {10.1109/RTUCON.2018.8659810},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RuettersWeinheimerBragard2018,
  author    = {R{\"u}tters, Ren{\´e} and Weinheimer, Marius and Bragard, Michael},
  title     = {Teaching Control Theory with a Simplified Helicopter Model and a Classroom Fitting Hardware Test-Bench},
  series = {2018 IEEE 59th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)},
  booktitle = {2018 IEEE 59th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)},
  isbn      = {978-1-5386-6903-7},
  doi       = {10.1109/RTUCON.2018.8659871},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HoegenDonckerBragardetal.2021,
  author    = {Hoegen, Anne von and Doncker, Rik W. De and Bragard, Michael and Hoegen, Svenja von},
  title     = {Problem-based learning in automation engineering: performing a remote laboratory aession aerving various educational attainments},
  series = {2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)},
  booktitle = {2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  doi       = {10.1109/EDUCON46332.2021.9453925},
  pages     = {1605 -- 1614},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {During the Covid-19 pandemic, vocational colleges, universities of applied science and technical universities often had to cancel laboratory sessions requiring students' attendance. These above of all are of decisive importance in order to give learners an understanding of theory through practical work.This paper is a contribution to the implementation of distance learning for laboratory work applicable for several upper secondary educational facilities. Its aim is to provide a paradigm for hybrid teaching to analyze and control a non-linear system depicted by a tank model. For this reason, we redesign a full series of laboratory sessions on the basis of various challenges. Thus, it is suitable to serve different reference levels of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF).We present problem-based learning through online platforms to compensate the lack of a laboratory learning environment. With a task deduced from their future profession, we give students the opportunity to develop own solutions in self-defined time intervals. A requirements specification provides the framework conditions in terms of time and content for students having to deal with the challenges of the project in a self-organized manner with regard to inhomogeneous previous knowledge. If the concept of Complete Action is introduced in classes before, they will automatically apply it while executing the project.The goal is to combine students' scientific understanding with a procedural knowledge. We suggest a series of remote laboratory sessions that combine a problem formulation from the subject area of Measurement, Control and Automation Technology with a project assignment that is common in industry by providing extracts from a requirements specification.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{OstkottePetersHueningetal.2022,
  author    = {Ostkotte, Sebastian and Peters, Constantin and H{\"u}ning, Felix and Bragard, Michael},
  title     = {Design, implementation and verification of an rotational incremental position encoder based on the magnetic Wiegand effect},
  series = {2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)},
  booktitle = {2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  isbn      = {978-1-6654-6726-1},
  issn      = {2691-0616},
  doi       = {10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803477},
  pages     = {6 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This paper covers the use of the magnetic Wiegand effect to design an innovative incremental encoder. First, a theoretical design is given, followed by an estimation of the achievable accuracy and an optimization in open-loop operation. Finally, a successful experimental verification is presented. For this purpose, a permanent magnet synchronous machine is controlled in a field-oriented manner, using the angle information of the prototype.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{EndressBragard2017,
  author    = {Endress, Tim and Bragard, Michael},
  title     = {Recording of efficiency-maps of low-power electric drive systems using a flexible matlab-based test bench},
  series = {2017 IEEE 58th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)},
  booktitle = {2017 IEEE 58th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  isbn      = {978-1-5386-3846-0},
  doi       = {10.1109/RTUCON.2017.8124775},
  pages     = {5 Seiten},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This paper introduces a hardware setup to measure efficiency maps of low-power electric motors and their associated inverters. Here, the power of the device under test (DUT) ranges from some Watts to a few hundred Watts. The torque and speed of the DUT are measured independent of voltage and current in multiple load points. A Matlab-based software approach in combination with an open Texas-Instruments (TI) hardware setup ensures flexibility. Exemplarily, the efficiency field of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) is measured to proof the concept. Brushless-DC (BLDC) motors can be tested as well. The nomenclature in this paper is based on the new European standard DIN EN 50598. Special attention is paid to the calculation of the measurement error.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchifferBragard2019,
  author    = {Schiffer, Fabian and Bragard, Michael},
  title     = {Cascaded LQ and Field-Oriented Control of a Mobile Inverse Pendulum (Segway) with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines},
  series = {2019 20th International Conference on Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM)},
  booktitle = {2019 20th International Conference on Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM)},
  isbn      = {978-1-5386-9257-8},
  doi       = {10.1109/REM.2019.8744101},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BragardSubeSchneideretal.2019,
  author    = {Bragard, Michael and Sube, Maike and Schneider, Maike and Jungemann, Christoph},
  title     = {Introducing a Cross-University Bachelor's Programme with Orientation Semester - Enabling a Permeable Academic Education System},
  series = {2019 20th International Conference on Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM)},
  booktitle = {2019 20th International Conference on Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM)},
  isbn      = {978-1-5386-9257-8},
  doi       = {10.1109/REM.2019.8744132},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RuettersBragardDolls2024,
  author    = {R{\"u}tters, Ren{\´e} and Bragard, Michael and Dolls, Sarah},
  title     = {The Inverted Rotary Pendulum: Facilitating Practical Teaching in Advanced Control Engineering},
  series = {2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)},
  booktitle = {2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {2165-9559},
  doi       = {10.1109/EDUCON60312.2024.10578937},
  pages     = {5 Seiten},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {This paper outlines a practical approach to teach control engineering principles, with an inverted rotary pendulum, serving as an illustrative example. It shows how the pendulum is embedded in an advanced course of control engineering. This approach is incorporated into a flipped-classroom concept, as well as classical teaching concepts, offering students practical experience in control engineering. In addition, the design of the pendulum is shown, using a Raspberry Pi as the target platform for Matlab Simulink. This pendulum can be used in the classroom to evaluate the controller design mentioned above. It is analysed if the use of the pendulum generates a deeper understanding of the learning contents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BeckerBragard2024,
  author    = {Becker, Tim and Bragard, Michael},
  title     = {Low-Voltage DC Training Lab for Electric Drives - Optimizing the Balancing Act Between High Student Throughput and Individual Learning Speed},
  series = {2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)},
  booktitle = {2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {2165-9559},
  doi       = {10.1109/EDUCON60312.2024.10578902},
  pages     = {8 Seiten},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {After a brief introduction of conventional laboratory structures, this work focuses on an innovative and universal approach for a setup of a training laboratory for electric machines and drive systems. The novel approach employs a central 48 V DC bus, which forms the backbone of the structure. Several sets of DC machine, asynchronous machine and synchronous machine are connected to this bus. The advantages of the novel system structure are manifold, both from a didactic and a technical point of view: Student groups can work on their own performance level in a highly parallelized and at the same time individualized way. Additional training setups (similar or different) can easily be added. Only the total power dissipation has to be provided, i.e. the DC bus balances the power flow between the student groups. Comparative results of course evaluations of several cohorts of students are shown.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FingerKhalsaKreyeretal.2019,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Khalsa, R. and Kreyer, J{\"o}rg and Mayntz, Joscha and Braun, Carsten and Dahmann, Peter and Esch, Thomas and Kemper, Hans and Schmitz, O. and Bragard, Michael},
  title     = {An approach to propulsion system modelling for the conceptual design of hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft},
  series = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2019, 30.9.-2.10.2019, Darmstadt},
  booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2019, 30.9.-2.10.2019, Darmstadt},
  pages     = {15 Seiten},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In this paper, an approach to propulsion system modelling for hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft is presented. Because the focus is on general aviation aircraft, only combinations of electric motors and reciprocating combustion engines are explored. Gas turbine hybrids will not be considered. The level of the component's models is appropriate for the conceptual design stage. They are simple and adaptable, so that a wide range of designs with morphologically different propulsive system architectures can be quickly compared. Modelling strategies for both mass and efficiency of each part of the propulsion system (engine, motor, battery and propeller) will be presented.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KramerBragardRitzetal.2024,
  author    = {Kramer, Pia and Bragard, Michael and Ritz, Thomas and Ferfer, Ute and Schiffers, Tim},
  title     = {Visualizing, Enhancing and Predicting Students' Success through ECTS Monitoring},
  series = {2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)},
  booktitle = {2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {2165-9559},
  doi       = {10.1109/EDUCON60312.2024.10578652},
  pages     = {5 Seiten},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {This paper serves as an introduction to the ECTS monitoring system and its potential applications in higher education. It also emphasizes the potential for ECTS monitoring to become a proactive system, supporting students by predicting academic success and identifying groups of potential dropouts for tailored support services. The use of the nearest neighbor analysis is suggested for improving data analysis and prediction accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}