@article{MuribYeapEurlingsetal.2016,
  author    = {Murib, M. S. and Yeap, W. S. and Eurlings, Y. and Grinsven, B. van and Boyen, H.-G. and Conings, B. and Michiels, L. and Ameloot, M. and Carleer, R. and Warmer, J. and Kaul, P. and Haenen, K. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Ceuninck, W. de and Wagner, P.},
  title     = {Heat-transfer based characterization of DNA on synthetic sapphire chips},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
  volume    = {230},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
  number    = {230},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0925-4005},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.027},
  pages     = {260 -- 271},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {In this study, we show that synthetic sapphire (Al₂O₃), an established implant material, can also serve as a platform material for biosensors comparable to nanocrystalline diamond. Sapphire chips, beads, and powder were first modified with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), followed by succinic anhydride (SA), and finally single-stranded probe DNA was EDC coupled to the functionalized layer. The presence of the APTES-SA layer on sapphire powders was confirmed by thermogravimetric analyis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Using planar sapphire chips as substrates and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as surface-sensitive tool, the sequence of individual layers was analyzed with respect to their chemical state, enabling the quantification of areal densities of the involved molecular units. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate the hybridization of fluorescently tagged target DNA to the probe DNA, including denaturation- and re-hybridization experiments. Due to its high thermal conductivity, synthetic sapphire is especially suitable as a chip material for the heat-transfer method, which was employed to distinguish complementary- and non-complementary DNA duplexes containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These results indicate that it is possible to detect mutations electronically with a chemically resilient and electrically insulating chip material.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MolinnusHardtKaeveretal.2018,
  author    = {Molinnus, Denise and Hardt, G. and K{\"a}ver, L. and Willenberg, H.S. and Kr{\"o}ger, J.-C. and Poghossian, Arshak and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Chip-based biosensor for the detection of low adrenaline concentrations to support adrenal venous sampling},
  series = {Sensor and Actuators B: Chemical},
  volume    = {272},
  journal   = {Sensor and Actuators B: Chemical},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0925-4005},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.snb.2018.05.136},
  pages     = {21 -- 27},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {A chip-based amperometric biosensor referring on using the bioelectrocatalytical amplification principle for the detection of low adrenaline concentrations is presented. The adrenaline biosensor has been prepared by modification of a platinum thin-film electrode with an enzyme membrane containing the pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase and glutaraldehyde. Measuring conditions such as temperature, pH value, and glucose concentration have been optimized to achieve a high sensitivity and a low detection limit of about 1 nM adrenaline measured in phosphate buffer at neutral pH value. The response of the biosensor to different catecholamines has also been proven. Long-term stability of the adrenaline biosensor has been studied over 10 days. In addition, the biosensor has been successfully applied for adrenaline detection in human blood plasma for future biomedical applications. Furthermore, preliminary experiments have been carried to detect the adrenaline-concentration difference measured in peripheral blood and adrenal venous blood, representing the adrenal vein sampling procedure of a physician.},
  language  = {en}
}