@inproceedings{ShahidiPfaffEnning2017,
  author    = {Shahidi, Parham and Pfaff, Raphael and Enning, Manfred},
  title     = {The connected wagon - a concept for the integration of vehicle side sensors and actors with cyber physical representation for condition based maintenance},
  series = {First International Conference on Rail Transportation},
  booktitle = {First International Conference on Rail Transportation},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeilerPichlerPfaffetal.2009,
  author    = {Seiler, Friedrich and Pichler, Alexander and Pfaff, Raphael and Srulijes, Julio},
  title     = {Novel processing tools for automated doppler picture velocimetry (DPV) evaluation},
  series = {Journal of visualization},
  volume    = {Vol. 12},
  journal   = {Journal of visualization},
  number    = {Iss. 4},
  issn      = {1343-8875},
  pages     = {323 -- 337},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SeilerPichlerPfaffetal.2008,
  author    = {Seiler, Friedrich and Pichler, Alexander and Pfaff, Raphael and George, Alfred and Srulijes, Julio},
  title     = {Improved Doppler picture velocimetry and new automated processing},
  series = {14th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics : Lisbon, Portugal, 7 - 10 July 2008},
  booktitle = {14th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics : Lisbon, Portugal, 7 - 10 July 2008},
  organization    = {International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics <14, 2008, Lisboa>},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PfaffVinsonneauBurnham2006,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Vinsonneau, B. and Burnham, K. J.},
  title     = {Multiple models for nonlinear systems},
  series = {Proceedings / Eigteenth International Conference on Systems Engineering : ICSE 2006 : 5 - 7 September 2006 ; [held at Coventry University, UK]},
  booktitle = {Proceedings / Eigteenth International Conference on Systems Engineering : ICSE 2006 : 5 - 7 September 2006 ; [held at Coventry University, UK]},
  organization    = {International Conference on Systems Engineering <18, 2006, Coventry>},
  isbn      = {1-84600-013-0},
  pages     = {347 -- 352},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PfaffShahidiEnning2017,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Shahidi, Parham and Enning, Manfred},
  title     = {Connected freight rail rolling stock: a modular approach integrating sensors, actors and cyber physical systems for operational advantages and condition based maintenance},
  series = {Asia-Pacific Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society},
  booktitle = {Asia-Pacific Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PfaffSchmidtEnning2017,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Schmidt, B. D. and Enning, Manfred},
  title     = {Towards inclusion of the freight rail system in the industrial internet of things - Wagon 4.0},
  series = {Stephenson Conference, London, March 2017},
  booktitle = {Stephenson Conference, London, March 2017},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PfaffPichlerGeorgeetal.2007,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Pichler, Alexander and George, Alfred and Seiler, Friedrich},
  title     = {Model based image processing for flow visualisation : 16th International Conference on Systems Science, Wroclaw, Poland, September 04 - 06, 2007},
  series = {PU / Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis ; 2007, 620},
  booktitle = {PU / Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis ; 2007, 620},
  publisher = {ISL},
  address   = {Saint Louis, France},
  organization    = {International Conference on Systems Science <16, 2007, Wroclaw>},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PfaffMoshiriReichetal.2017,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Moshiri, Amir and Reich, Alexander and G{\"a}bel, Markus},
  title     = {Modelling of the effect of sanding on the wheel-rail adhesion area},
  series = {First International Conference on Rail Transportation},
  booktitle = {First International Conference on Rail Transportation},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PfaffMelcherFranzen2018,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Melcher, Karin and Franzen, Julian},
  title     = {Rare event simulation to optimise maintenance intervals of safety critical redundant subsystems},
  series = {Proceedings of the European Conference of the PHM Society},
  volume    = {4},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Conference of the PHM Society},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PfaffLarkowskiBurnham2011,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Larkowski, Tomasz and Burnham, Keith J.},
  title     = {An application of adaptive control in the behavioural framework},
  series = {21st International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng) : 16 - 18 Aug. 2011, Las Vegas, Nevada ; proceedings},
  booktitle = {21st International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng) : 16 - 18 Aug. 2011, Las Vegas, Nevada ; proceedings},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  organization    = {International Conference on Systems Engineering <21, 2011, Las Vegas>},
  isbn      = {978-1-4577-1078-0 ; 978-0-7695-4495-3},
  pages     = {49 -- 54},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PfaffLarkowskiBurnham2010,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Larkowski, Tomasz and Burnham, Keith J.},
  title     = {An approach to adaptive control in the behavioural framework},
  series = {UKACC International Conference on Control 2010 (CONTROL 2010) : Coventry, United Kingdom, 7 - 10 September 2010 ; Vol. 2. (IET seminar digest ; 2010/004)},
  booktitle = {UKACC International Conference on Control 2010 (CONTROL 2010) : Coventry, United Kingdom, 7 - 10 September 2010 ; Vol. 2. (IET seminar digest ; 2010/004)},
  publisher = {Curran},
  address   = {Red Hook, NY},
  organization    = {United Kingdom Automatic Control Council},
  isbn      = {978-1-62748-119-9},
  pages     = {833 -- 838},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfaffEnningSutter2022,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Enning, Manfred and Sutter, Stefan},
  title     = {A risk‑based approach to automatic brake tests for rail freight service: incident analysis and realisation concept},
  series = {SN Applied Sciences},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {SN Applied Sciences},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {2523-3971},
  doi       = {10.1007/s42452-022-05007-x},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This study reviews the practice of brake tests in freight railways, which is time consuming and not suitable to detect certain failure types. Public incident reports are analysed to derive a reasonable brake test hardware and communication architecture, which aims to provide automatic brake tests at lower cost than current solutions. The proposed solutions relies exclusively on brake pipe and brake cylinder pressure sensors, a brake release position switch as well as radio communication via standard protocols. The approach is embedded in the Wagon 4.0 concept, which is a holistic approach to a smart freight wagon. The reduction of manual processes yields a strong incentive due to high savings in manual labour and increased productivity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PfaffBurnham2008,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Burnham, Keith J.},
  title     = {On abstraction and interpretability: a behavioural perspective},
  series = {19th International Conference on Systems Engineering 2008 : ICSENG '08 : 19 - 21 Aug. 2008, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada},
  booktitle = {19th International Conference on Systems Engineering 2008 : ICSENG '08 : 19 - 21 Aug. 2008, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  organization    = {International Conference on Systems Engineering <19, 2008, Las Vegas, Nev.>},
  isbn      = {978-0-7695-3331-5 ; 978-0-7695-2719-2},
  pages     = {89 -- 94},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfaffBurnham2009,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Burnham, Keith J.},
  title     = {On abstraction and interpretability: a behavioural perspective},
  series = {Systems Science},
  volume    = {Vol. 35},
  journal   = {Systems Science},
  number    = {Iss. 2},
  issn      = {0137-1223},
  pages     = {19 -- 26},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Pfaff2013,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael},
  title     = {Evaluation and extension of the potential for application of the behavioural framework to practical engineering problems},
  pages     = {XVI, 231 S.},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@masterthesis{Pfaff2007,
  type      = {Bachelor Thesis},
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael},
  title     = {Automated processing of the ISL Doppler images},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Pfaff2006,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael},
  title     = {Modelling of nonlinear systems using piecewise defined models},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Pfaff2017,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael},
  title     = {Analysis of Big Data Streams to obtain Braking Reliability Information for Train Protection systems},
  series = {Asia-Pacific Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society},
  booktitle = {Asia-Pacific Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Pfaff2023,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael},
  title     = {Braking distance prediction for vehicle consist in low-speed on-sight operation: a Monte Carlo approach},
  series = {Railway Engineering Science},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Railway Engineering Science},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {SpringerOpen},
  issn      = {2662-4753 (eISSN)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s40534-023-00303-7},
  pages     = {135 -- 144},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The first and last mile of a railway journey, in both freight and transit applications, constitutes a high effort and is either non-productive (e.g. in the case of depot operations) or highly inefficient (e.g. in industrial railways). These parts are typically managed on-sight, i.e. with no signalling and train protection systems ensuring the freedom of movement. This is possible due to the rather short braking distances of individual vehicles and shunting consists. The present article analyses the braking behaviour of such shunting units. For this purpose, a dedicated model is developed. It is calibrated on published results of brake tests and validated against a high-definition model for low-speed applications. Based on this model, multiple simulations are executed to obtain a Monte Carlo simulation of the resulting braking distances. Based on the distribution properties and established safety levels, the risk of exceeding certain braking distances is evaluated and maximum braking distances are derived. Together with certain parameters of the system, these can serve in the design and safety assessment of driver assistance systems and automation of these processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GaoBabilonPfaffetal.2018,
  author    = {Gao, H. and Babilon, Katharina and Pfaff, Raphael and Gan, F. and Reich, A.},
  title     = {Model of wheel-rail contact for sanding and adhesion enhancement},
  series = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/wheel Systems, CM 2018},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/wheel Systems, CM 2018},
  isbn      = {978-946186963-0},
  pages     = {314 -- 321},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}