@inproceedings{Pfaff2018,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael},
  title     = {Railway Challenge 2018 - Ein Wettbewerb f{\"u}r Parkbahn-Lokomotiven},
  series = {Deine Bahn},
  booktitle = {Deine Bahn},
  issn      = {0948-7263},
  pages     = {22 -- 24},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{PfaffMelcherFranzen2018,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Melcher, Karin and Franzen, Julian},
  title     = {Rare event simulation to optimise maintenance intervals of safety critical redundant subsystems},
  series = {Proceedings of the European Conference of the PHM Society},
  volume    = {4},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Conference of the PHM Society},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtEnningPfaff2018,
  author    = {Schmidt, Bernd and Enning, Manfred and Pfaff, Raphael},
  title     = {G{\"u}terwagen 4.0 - Der G{\"u}terwagen f{\"u}r das Internet der Dinge Teil 3: Einf{\"u}hrungsszenarien f{\"u}r aktive, kommunikative G{\"u}terwagen},
  series = {ETR - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {ETR - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {DVV Media Group},
  address   = {Hamburg},
  issn      = {0013-2845},
  pages     = {60 -- 64},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Wenn durch innovative, automatisierte G{\"u}terwagen betriebswirtschaftliche Vorteile nutzbar gemacht werden sollen, muss die Migration auf das neue System in sinnvollen Teilschritten unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der organisationellen und betrieblichen Vereinbarkeit vorgenommen werden. Eine stufenweise Migration mit Nachr{\"u}stbarkeit und Kompatibilit{\"a}t kann die optimale Ausstattungsvariante f{\"u}r die unterschiedlichen Betriebsszenarien sowie eine Steigerung der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Gesamtsystems bieten.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BabilonWilbringTappertetal.2018,
  author    = {Babilon, Katharina and Wilbring, Daniela and Tappert, Tim and Pfaff, Raphael and Enning, Manfred},
  title     = {Schienenfahrzeugtechnik hands on - FH Aachen IMechE Railway Challenge},
  series = {Ingenieurspiegel},
  journal   = {Ingenieurspiegel},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Public Verlag},
  address   = {Bingen},
  issn      = {1868-5919},
  pages     = {20 -- 22},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BueckingPfaffDirksmeier2018,
  author    = {B{\"u}cking, Henrik and Pfaff, Raphael and Dirksmeier, Roger},
  title     = {Sensor positioning and thermal model for condition monitoring of pressure gas reservoirs in vehicles},
  series = {Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2018},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2018},
  pages     = {5 Seiten},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{FranzenSteckenPfaffetal.2019,
  author    = {Franzen, Julian and Stecken, Jannis and Pfaff, Raphael and Kuhlenk{\"o}tter, Bernd},
  title     = {Using the Digital Shadow for a Prescriptive Optimization of Maintenance and Operation : The Locomotive in the Context of the Cyber-Physical System},
  series = {Advances in Production, Logistics and Traffic},
  booktitle = {Advances in Production, Logistics and Traffic},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-13535-5},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-13535-5_19},
  pages     = {265 -- 276},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In competition with other modes of transport, rail freight transport is looking for solutions to become more attractive. Short-term success can be achieved through the data-driven optimization of operations and maintenance as well as the application of novel strategies such as prescriptive maintenance. After introducing the concept of prescriptive maintenance, this paper aims to prove that vehicle-focused applications of this approach indeed have the potential to increase attractiveness. However, even greater advantages can be activated if data from the horizontal network of the vehicle is available. Drawing on the state of the art in research and technology in the field of cyber-physical systems (CPS) as well as digital twins and shadows, our work serves to design a system of systems for the horizontal interconnection of a rail vehicle and to conceptualize a draft for a digital twin of a locomotive.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WilbringEnningPfaffetal.2020,
  author    = {Wilbring, Daniela and Enning, Manfred and Pfaff, Raphael and Schmidt, Bernd},
  title     = {Neue Perspektiven f{\"u}r die Bahn in der Produktions- und Distributionslogistik durch Prozessautomation},
  series = {ETR - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau},
  volume    = {69},
  journal   = {ETR - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {0013-2845},
  pages     = {15 -- 19},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Pfaff2023,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael},
  title     = {Braking distance prediction for vehicle consist in low-speed on-sight operation: a Monte Carlo approach},
  series = {Railway Engineering Science},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Railway Engineering Science},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {SpringerOpen},
  issn      = {2662-4753 (eISSN)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s40534-023-00303-7},
  pages     = {135 -- 144},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The first and last mile of a railway journey, in both freight and transit applications, constitutes a high effort and is either non-productive (e.g. in the case of depot operations) or highly inefficient (e.g. in industrial railways). These parts are typically managed on-sight, i.e. with no signalling and train protection systems ensuring the freedom of movement. This is possible due to the rather short braking distances of individual vehicles and shunting consists. The present article analyses the braking behaviour of such shunting units. For this purpose, a dedicated model is developed. It is calibrated on published results of brake tests and validated against a high-definition model for low-speed applications. Based on this model, multiple simulations are executed to obtain a Monte Carlo simulation of the resulting braking distances. Based on the distribution properties and established safety levels, the risk of exceeding certain braking distances is evaluated and maximum braking distances are derived. Together with certain parameters of the system, these can serve in the design and safety assessment of driver assistance systems and automation of these processes.},
  language  = {en}
}