@inproceedings{AugensteinHerbergsKuperjansetal.2005,
  author    = {Augenstein, Eckardt and Herbergs, S. and Kuperjans, Isabel and Lucas, K.},
  title     = {Simulation of industrial energy supply systems with integrated cost optimization},
  series = {Proceedings of ECOS 2005, the 18th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation, and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems : Trondheim, Norway, June 20 - 22, 2005. - Vol. 2},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of ECOS 2005, the 18th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation, and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems : Trondheim, Norway, June 20 - 22, 2005. - Vol. 2},
  editor    = {Kjelstrup, Signe},
  publisher = {Tapir Academic Press},
  address   = {Trondheim},
  isbn      = {82-519-2041-8},
  pages     = {627 -- 634},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KueppersGroebelKuperjansetal.2011,
  author    = {K{\"u}ppers, Christine and Groebel, Simone and Kuperjans, Isabel and Dielmann, Klaus-Peter},
  title     = {Molekulargenetische Analysen zur Optimierung der Biogasgewinnung},
  series = {Biogas 2011 : 4. Innovationskongress ; Effizienzsteigerung von Biogasanlagen ; Vorstellung der 17 besten Biogas-Innovationen der letzten 12 Monate ; 12. - 13. Mai 2011, im ZUK der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt ; Tagungsband},
  booktitle = {Biogas 2011 : 4. Innovationskongress ; Effizienzsteigerung von Biogasanlagen ; Vorstellung der 17 besten Biogas-Innovationen der letzten 12 Monate ; 12. - 13. Mai 2011, im ZUK der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt ; Tagungsband},
  publisher = {Profair Consult+Project},
  address   = {Hildesheim},
  isbn      = {978-3-9813776-1-3},
  pages     = {45 -- 48},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{AugensteinHerbergsKuperjans2006,
  author    = {Augenstein, Eckardt and Herbergs, S. and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Planung und Bewertung der Geb{\"a}udeenergieversorgung mit TOP-Energy},
  series = {Heizungs- und Raumlufttechnik : 1. Fachtagung Leonberg, 31. Januar bis 1. Februar 2006. - (VDI-Berichte ; Nr. 1921)},
  booktitle = {Heizungs- und Raumlufttechnik : 1. Fachtagung Leonberg, 31. Januar bis 1. Februar 2006. - (VDI-Berichte ; Nr. 1921)},
  publisher = {VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {3-18-091921-3},
  pages     = {57 -- 60},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KuperjansSchreiberDetermannetal.1998,
  author    = {Kuperjans, Isabel and Schreiber, M. and Determann, L. and Schreiber, R.},
  title     = {Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzung bei der Gestaltung der betrieblichen Energieversorgung und -nutzung},
  series = {Innovationen bei der rationellen Energieanwendung : neue Chancen f{\"u}r die Wirtschaft ; Tagung Dortmund, 3. und 4. M{\"a}rz 1998. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1385)},
  booktitle = {Innovationen bei der rationellen Energieanwendung : neue Chancen f{\"u}r die Wirtschaft ; Tagung Dortmund, 3. und 4. M{\"a}rz 1998. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1385)},
  publisher = {VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {3-18-091385-1},
  pages     = {79 -- 94},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{AugensteinGuerzenichKuperjansetal.2004,
  author    = {Augenstein, Eckardt and G{\"u}rzenich, D. and Kuperjans, Isabel and Wrobel, G.},
  title     = {TOP-Energy : softwaregest{\"u}tzte Analyse und Optimierung industrieller Energieversorgungssysteme},
  series = {Entwicklungslinien der Energietechnik 2004},
  booktitle = {Entwicklungslinien der Energietechnik 2004},
  edition   = {CD-ROM-Ausg.},
  publisher = {VDI},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Betsch2009,
  author    = {Betsch, Matthias},
  title     = {Umbau einer Mikroturbine zu einer extern befeuerten Maschine mit Ankopplung an eine Station{\"a}re-Wirbelschichtfeuerung},
  publisher = {Univ. Rostock, Fakult{\"a}t f{\"u}r Maschinenbau und Schiffstechnik},
  address   = {Rostock},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/nbn:de:gbv:28-diss2009-0166-9},
  pages     = {150 S.},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{AugensteinKuperjansLucas2002,
  author    = {Augenstein, Eckardt and Kuperjans, Isabel and Lucas, K.},
  title     = {EUSEBIA - Decision-Support-System for Technical, Economical and Ecological Design and Evaluation of Industrial Energy Systems},
  series = {ECOS 2002 : proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Efficiency, Costs, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, Berlin, Germany July 3 - 5, 2002. - Vol. 1},
  booktitle = {ECOS 2002 : proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Efficiency, Costs, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, Berlin, Germany July 3 - 5, 2002. - Vol. 1},
  editor    = {Tsatsaronis,, Georgios},
  publisher = {Techn. Univ., Inst. for Energy Engineering},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {3-00-009533-0},
  pages     = {446 -- 453},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuperjansGuerzenichRoosen2005,
  author    = {Kuperjans, Isabel and G{\"u}rzenich, D. and Roosen, P.},
  title     = {Kostenfunktionen im WWW : Unterst{\"u}tzung der Auslegung energietechnischer Anlagen und deren Verschaltungen},
  series = {Gasw{\"a}rme international (GWI)},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {Gasw{\"a}rme international (GWI)},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {0020-9384},
  pages     = {19 -- 21},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KumaranGopinathanRazalietal.2013,
  author    = {Kumaran, P. and Gopinathan, M. and Razali, N. M. and Kuperjans, Isabel and Hariffin, B. and Hamdan, H.},
  title     = {Preliminary evaluation of atomization characteristics of improved biodiesel for gas turbine application},
  series = {IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES)},
  volume    = {16},
  booktitle = {IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES)},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)},
  address   = {London [u.a.]},
  issn      = {1755-1315},
  doi       = {10.1088/1755-1315/16/1/012014},
  pages     = {012014/1 -- 012014/4},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AugensteinKuperjans2001,
  author    = {Augenstein, Eckardt and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Softwaregest{\"u}tzte Analyse und Konzeption betrieblicher Energieversorgungsanlagen},
  series = {Fortschrittliche Energiewandlung und -anwendung : Schwerpunkt: dezentrale Energiesysteme ; Tagung Bochum, 13. und 14. M{\"a}rz 2001. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1594)},
  booktitle = {Fortschrittliche Energiewandlung und -anwendung : Schwerpunkt: dezentrale Energiesysteme ; Tagung Bochum, 13. und 14. M{\"a}rz 2001. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1594)},
  publisher = {VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {3-18-091594-3},
  pages     = {313 -- 322},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KuperjansEsserMeyeretal.2000,
  author    = {Kuperjans, Isabel and Esser, J. and Meyer, J{\"o}rg and Donner, O.},
  title     = {Gestaltung und Bewertung von Energieanlagen unter {\"o}kologischen, wirtschaftlichen und technischen Gesichtspunkten},
  series = {Umweltwirtschaftsforum : UWF},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Umweltwirtschaftsforum : UWF},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {0943-3481},
  pages     = {53 -- 58},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AugensteinHerbergsKuperjans2006,
  author    = {Augenstein, Eckardt and Herbergs, S. and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {TOP-Energy : ein Werkzeug zur Optimierung der Geb{\"a}udeenergieversorgung},
  series = {KI : K{\"a}lte, Luft, Klimatechnik},
  journal   = {KI : K{\"a}lte, Luft, Klimatechnik},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {1865-5432},
  pages     = {198 -- 201},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Groebel2013,
  author    = {Groebel, Simone},
  title     = {Zusammensetzung der Bioz{\"o}nose der Methanbildung unter Anwendung molekularbiologischer Methoden : Auswahl und Immobilisierung eines prozesstragenden Organismus auf einem Biosensor mit dem Ziel der {\"U}berwachung der Prozessstabilit{\"a}t kommerzieller Biogasanlagen},
  publisher = {Univ.-Bibliothek},
  address   = {Rostock},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PauksztatKuperjansMeyer2005,
  author    = {Pauksztat, Anja and Kuperjans, Isabel and Meyer, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Formeln statt Zahlen : Referenzwerte Formeln zur energetischen Bewertung von Produktionsanlagen},
  series = {BWK : das Energie-Fachmagazin},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {BWK : das Energie-Fachmagazin},
  number    = {12},
  issn      = {0006-9612},
  pages     = {52 -- 55},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PauksztatKuperjansMeyer2005,
  author    = {Pauksztat, Anja and Kuperjans, Isabel and Meyer, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Produktbezogene Referenzwerte f{\"u}r Energieeffizienz und CO2-Emissionen},
  series = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : et ; Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt},
  volume    = {55},
  journal   = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : et ; Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {0013-743X},
  pages     = {374 -- 376},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KuperjansAugenstein2001,
  author    = {Kuperjans, Isabel and Augenstein, Eckardt},
  title     = {„EUSEBIA - Software zur Analyse und Verbesserung der betrieblichen Energiewirtschaft},
  series = {Optimierung in der Energieversorgung : Tagung Veitsh{\"o}chheim, 9. und 10. Oktober 2001. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1627)},
  booktitle = {Optimierung in der Energieversorgung : Tagung Veitsh{\"o}chheim, 9. und 10. Oktober 2001. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1627)},
  publisher = {VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {3-18-091627-3},
  pages     = {267 -- 268},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KuperjansSeitzWilhelm1998,
  author    = {Kuperjans, Isabel and Seitz, C.-W. and Wilhelm, H.-G.},
  title     = {Realisierung einer Fernw{\"a}rmeversorgung mit Kraft-W{\"a}rme-Kopplung f{\"u}r den Wohnwertpark Br{\"u}hl},
  series = {Energiemanagement in Kommunen und {\"o}ffentlichen Einrichtungen : Tagung Stuttgart, 16. und 17. September 1998. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1424)},
  booktitle = {Energiemanagement in Kommunen und {\"o}ffentlichen Einrichtungen : Tagung Stuttgart, 16. und 17. September 1998. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1424)},
  publisher = {VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  organization    = {Gesellschaft Energietechnik},
  issn      = {3-18-091424-6},
  pages     = {129 -- 138},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RuppHandschuhRiekeetal.2019,
  author    = {Rupp, Matthias and Handschuh, Nils and Rieke, Christian and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Contribution of country-specific electricity mix and charging time to environmental impact of battery electric vehicles: A case study of electric buses in Germany},
  series = {Applied Energy},
  volume    = {237},
  journal   = {Applied Energy},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0306-2619},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.059},
  pages     = {618 -- 634},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{StollenwerkRiekeDahmenetal.2016,
  author    = {Stollenwerk, Dominik and Rieke, Christian and Dahmen, Markus and Pieper, Martin},
  title     = {Biogas Production Modelling : A Control System Engineering Approach},
  series = {IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Bd. 32},
  booktitle = {IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Bd. 32},
  issn      = {1755-1315},
  doi       = {10.1088/1755-1315/32/1/012008},
  pages     = {012008/1 -- 012008/4},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{KnocheKruskaWeberetal.2001,
  author    = {Knoche, K. F. and Kruska, Martin and Weber, P. and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Energiemanagement},
  series = {Lexikon Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften. - (Lehr- und Handb{\"u}cher zur {\"o}kologischen Unternehmensf{\"u}hrung und Umwelt{\"o}konomie)},
  booktitle = {Lexikon Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften. - (Lehr- und Handb{\"u}cher zur {\"o}kologischen Unternehmensf{\"u}hrung und Umwelt{\"o}konomie)},
  editor    = {Schulz, Werner F.},
  publisher = {Oldenbourg},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {3-486-24523-6},
  pages     = {88 -- 92},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{BouvyKuperjans2004,
  author    = {Bouvy, C. and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Mikro-Gasturbinen : eine neue Technologie zur Kraft-W{\"a}rme-Kopplung in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen},
  series = {Entwicklungslinien der Energietechnik 2004},
  booktitle = {Entwicklungslinien der Energietechnik 2004},
  edition   = {CD-ROM-Ausg.},
  publisher = {VDI-Verlag},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{PauksztatKuperjansdeHesselle2006,
  author    = {Pauksztat, Anja and Kuperjans, Isabel and de Hesselle, M.},
  title     = {Referenzformeln f{\"u}r Energiebedarf und CO2-Emissionen in der Glasindustrie},
  series = {Energieeffizienz - Chancen f{\"u}r die Zukunft : Tagung Berlin, 14. und 15. November 2006. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1951)},
  booktitle = {Energieeffizienz - Chancen f{\"u}r die Zukunft : Tagung Berlin, 14. und 15. November 2006. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1951)},
  edition   = {Nichtred. Ms.-Dr.},
  publisher = {VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {3-18-091951-5},
  pages     = {179 -- 190},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{KruskaKuperjans1999,
  author    = {Kruska, Martin and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {An{\´a}lisis Thermodin{\´a}micos : [Cap{\´i}tulo 3.3]},
  series = {Uso racional de energ{\´i}a : eficiencia energ{\´e}tica y energ{\´i}as renovables. - (Manual para consultores y expertos)},
  booktitle = {Uso racional de energ{\´i}a : eficiencia energ{\´e}tica y energ{\´i}as renovables. - (Manual para consultores y expertos)},
  publisher = {Ministerio de Energ{\´i}a y Minas},
  address   = {Lima},
  pages     = {3.3-1 -- 3.3-15},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {es}
}
@phdthesis{Kuperjans2000,
  author    = {Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Verfahren zur Analyse und Bewertung industrieller Energieanlagen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  pages     = {Getr. Z{\"a}hlung : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KuperjansStarkeEsseretal.2000,
  author    = {Kuperjans, Isabel and Starke, M. and Esser, J. and Meyer, J. and Donner, O.},
  title     = {Analyse und Konzeption von Energieanlagen unter {\"o}kologischen, wirtschaftlichen und technischen Gesichtspunkten},
  series = {WLB : Umwelttechnik f{\"u}r Industrie und Kommune},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {WLB : Umwelttechnik f{\"u}r Industrie und Kommune},
  number    = {11/12},
  issn      = {0341-2679},
  pages     = {26 -- 29},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HoffstadtPohenDickeetal.2020,
  author    = {Hoffstadt, Kevin and Pohen, Gino D. and Dicke, Max D. and Paulsen, Svea and Krafft, Simone and Zang, Joachim W. and Fonseca-Zang, Warde A. da and Leite, Athaydes and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Challenges and prospects of biogas from energy cane as supplement to bioethanol production},
  series = {Agronomy},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Agronomy},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2073-4395},
  doi       = {10.3390/agronomy10060821},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Innovative breeds of sugar cane yield up to 2.5 times as much organic matter as conventional breeds, resulting in a great potential for biogas production. The use of biogas production as a complementary solution to conventional and second-generation ethanol production in Brazil may increase the energy produced per hectare in the sugarcane sector. Herein, it was demonstrated that through ensiling, energy cane can be conserved for six months; the stored cane can then be fed into a continuous biogas process. This approach is necessary to achieve year-round biogas production at an industrial scale. Batch tests revealed specific biogas potentials between 400 and 600 LN/kgVS for both the ensiled and non-ensiled energy cane, and the specific biogas potential of a continuous biogas process fed with ensiled energy cane was in the same range. Peak biogas losses through ensiling of up to 27\% after six months were observed. Finally, compared with second-generation ethanol production using energy cane, the results indicated that biogas production from energy cane may lead to higher energy yields per hectare, with an average energy yield of up to 162 MWh/ha. Finally, the Farm²CBG concept is introduced, showing an approach for decentralized biogas production.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Kuperjans2011,
  author    = {Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Gute Planung ist alles : Energieeffizienz in der Pharmaproduktion},
  series = {Pharma + Food},
  volume    = {2011},
  journal   = {Pharma + Food},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {H{\"u}thig},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1434-8942},
  pages     = {8 -- 10},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BlockViebahnJungbluth2024,
  author    = {Block, Simon and Viebahn, Peter and Jungbluth, Christian},
  title     = {Analysing direct air capture for enabling negative emissions in Germany: an assessment of the resource requirements and costs of a potential rollout in 2045},
  series = {Frontiers in Climate},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Climate},
  publisher = {Frontiers},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2624-9553},
  doi       = {10.3389/fclim.2024.1353939},
  pages     = {18 Seiten},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Direct air capture (DAC) combined with subsequent storage (DACCS) is discussed as one promising carbon dioxide removal option. The aim of this paper is to analyse and comparatively classify the resource consumption (land use, renewable energy and water) and costs of possible DAC implementation pathways for Germany. The paths are based on a selected, existing climate neutrality scenario that requires the removal of 20 Mt of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year by DACCS from 2045. The analysis focuses on the so-called "low-temperature" DAC process, which might be more advantageous for Germany than the "high-temperature" one. In four case studies, we examine potential sites in northern, central and southern Germany, thereby using the most suitable renewable energies for electricity and heat generation. We show that the deployment of DAC results in large-scale land use and high energy needs. The land use in the range of 167-353 km2 results mainly from the area required for renewable energy generation. The total electrical energy demand of 14.4 TWh per year, of which 46\% is needed to operate heat pumps to supply the heat demand of the DAC process, corresponds to around 1.4\% of Germany's envisaged electricity demand in 2045. 20 Mt of water are provided yearly, corresponding to 40\% of the city of Cologne's water demand (1.1 million inhabitants). The capture of CO2 (DAC) incurs levelised costs of 125-138 EUR per tonne of CO2, whereby the provision of the required energy via photovoltaics in southern Germany represents the lowest value of the four case studies. This does not include the costs associated with balancing its volatility. Taking into account transporting the CO2 via pipeline to the port of Wilhelmshaven, followed by transporting and sequestering the CO2 in geological storage sites in the Norwegian North Sea (DACCS), the levelised costs increase to 161-176 EUR/tCO2. Due to the longer transport distances from southern and central Germany, a northern German site using wind turbines would be the most favourable.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KuperjansTerpitzTerruhnetal.1999,
  author    = {Kuperjans, Isabel and Terpitz, J. and Terruhn, H. and Wilhelm, H.-G.},
  title     = {Simulation zur Konzeption und Analyse betrieblicher und kommunaler Nahw{\"a}rmesysteme},
  series = {Betriebliches Energiemanagement : Tagung Cottbus, 30. und 31. M{\"a}rz 1999. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1462)},
  booktitle = {Betriebliches Energiemanagement : Tagung Cottbus, 30. und 31. M{\"a}rz 1999. - (VDI-Berichte ; 1462)},
  publisher = {VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {3-18-091462-9},
  pages     = {195 -- 204},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MaurerRiekeSchemmetal.2023,
  author    = {Maurer, Florian and Rieke, Christian and Schemm, Ralf and Stollenwerk, Dominik},
  title     = {Analysis of an urban grid with high photovoltaic and e-mobility penetration},
  series = {Energies},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Energies},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1996-1073},
  doi       = {10.3390/en16083380},
  pages     = {18 Seiten},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {This study analyses the expected utilization of an urban distribution grid under high penetration of photovoltaic and e-mobility with charging infrastructure on a residential level. The grid utilization and the corresponding power flow are evaluated, while varying the control strategies and photovoltaic installed capacity in different scenarios. Four scenarios are used to analyze the impact of e-mobility. The individual mobility demand is modelled based on the largest German studies on mobility "Mobilit{\"a}t in Deutschland", which is carried out every 5 years. To estimate the ramp-up of photovoltaic generation, a potential analysis of the roof surfaces in the supply area is carried out via an evaluation of an open solar potential study. The photovoltaic feed-in time series is derived individually for each installed system in a resolution of 15 min. The residential consumption is estimated using historical smart meter data, which are collected in London between 2012 and 2014. For a realistic charging demand, each residential household decides daily on the state of charge if their vehicle requires to be charged. The resulting charging time series depends on the underlying behavior scenario. Market prices and mobility demand are therefore used as scenario input parameters for a utility function based on the current state of charge to model individual behavior. The aggregated electricity demand is the starting point of the power flow calculation. The evaluation is carried out for an urban region with approximately 3100 residents. The analysis shows that increased penetration of photovoltaics combined with a flexible and adaptive charging strategy can maximize PV usage and reduce the need for congestion-related intervention by the grid operator by reducing the amount of kWh charged from the grid by 30\% which reduces the average price of a charged kWh by 35\% to 14 ct/kWh from 21.8 ct/kWh without PV optimization. The resulting grid congestions are managed by implementing an intelligent price or control signal. The analysis took place using data from a real German grid with 10 subgrids. The entire software can be adapted for the analysis of different distribution grids and is publicly available as an open-source software library on GitHub.},
  language  = {en}
}