@article{AbbasBalcBremenetal.2022,
  author    = {Abbas, Karim and Balc, Nicolae and Bremen, Sebastian and Skupin, Marco},
  title     = {Crystallization and aging behavior of polyetheretherketone PEEK within rapid tooling and rubber molding},
  series = {Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2504-4494},
  doi       = {10.3390/jmmp6050093},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In times of short product life cycles, additive manufacturing and rapid tooling are important methods to make tool development and manufacturing more efficient. High-performance polymers are the key to mold production for prototypes and small series. However, the high temperatures during vulcanization injection molding cause thermal aging and can impair service life. The extent to which the thermal stress over the entire process chain stresses the material and whether it leads to irreversible material aging is evaluated. To this end, a mold made of PEEK is fabricated using fused filament fabrication and examined for its potential application. The mold is heated to 200 ◦C, filled with rubber, and cured. A differential scanning calorimetry analysis of each process step illustrates the crystallization behavior and first indicates the material resistance. It shows distinct cold crystallization regions at a build chamber temperature of 90 ◦C. At an ambient temperature above Tg, crystallization of 30\% is achieved, and cold crystallization no longer occurs. Additional tensile tests show a decrease in tensile strength after ten days of thermal aging. The steady decrease in recrystallization temperature indicates degradation of the additives. However, the tensile tests reveal steady embrittlement of the material due to increasing crosslinking.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbbasHedwigBalcetal.2023,
  author    = {Abbas, Karim and Hedwig, Lukas and Balc, Nicolae and Bremen, Sebastian},
  title     = {Advanced FFF of PEEK: Infill strategies and material characteristics for rapid tooling},
  series = {Polymers},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Polymers},
  number    = {15},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/polym15214293},
  pages     = {Artikel 4293},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Traditional vulcanization mold manufacturing is complex, costly, and under pressure due to shorter product lifecycles and diverse variations. Additive manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication and high-performance polymers like PEEK offer a promising future in this industry. This study assesses the compressive strength of various infill structures (honeycomb, grid, triangle, cubic, and gyroid) when considering two distinct build directions (Z, XY) to enhance PEEK's economic and resource efficiency in rapid tooling. A comparison with PETG samples shows the behavior of the infill strategies. Additionally, a proof of concept illustrates the application of a PEEK mold in vulcanization. A peak compressive strength of 135.6 MPa was attained in specimens that were 100\% solid and subjected to thermal post-treatment. This corresponds to a 20\% strength improvement in the Z direction. In terms of time and mechanical properties, the anisotropic grid and isotropic cubic infill have emerged for use in rapid tooling. Furthermore, the study highlights that reducing the layer thickness from 0.15 mm to 0.1 mm can result in a 15\% strength increase. The study unveils the successful utilization of a room-temperature FFF-printed PEEK mold in vulcanization injection molding. The parameters and infill strategies identified in this research enable the resource-efficient FFF printing of PEEK without compromising its strength properties. Using PEEK in rapid tooling allows a cost reduction of up to 70\% in tool production.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbdelLatifPeekenBenner1985,
  author    = {Abdel-Latif, Lotfie Ahmed and Peeken, Heinz and Benner, Joachim},
  title     = {Thermohydrodynamic analysis of thrust-bearing with circular pads running on bubbly oil (BTHD-theory)},
  series = {Journal of tribology},
  volume    = {107},
  journal   = {Journal of tribology},
  number    = {4},
  isbn      = {0742-4787},
  issn      = {1528-8897},
  pages     = {527 -- 537},
  year      = {1985},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbdelLatifPeekenBenner1985,
  author    = {Abdel-Latif, Lotfie Ahmed and Peeken, Heinz and Benner, Joachim},
  title     = {Термогидродинамический расчет упорных подшипников с круговыми подушками на масляной пленке, содержащей пузырьки газа},
  series = {Проблемы трения и смазки},
  volume    = {107},
  journal   = {Проблемы трения и смазки},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {94 -- 102},
  year      = {1985},
  language  = {ru}
}
@article{AhmedReisgenSchleseretal.2010,
  author    = {Ahmed, Essam and Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Mokrov, Oleg},
  title     = {On formability of tailor laser welded blanks of DP/TRIP steel sheets},
  series = {Science and technology of welding and joining},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Science and technology of welding and joining},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Maney},
  address   = {Leeds},
  issn      = {1743-2936},
  doi       = {10.1179/136217110X12731414739754},
  pages     = {337 -- 342},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {This paper aims to evaluate the formability of tailor welded blanks of dual phase (DP600)/transformation induced plasticity (TRIP700) steel sheets. In this work, bead on plate butt joints of 2·5 mm DP600 and 1·2 mm TRIP700 steel sheets were performed using CO2 laser beam welding. Microhardness measurements and transverse tensile testing were carried out to characterise the welds. The formability of base metals and welds were investigated by standard Erichsen test. In a perpendicular tensile test to the weld line, all specimens were fractured at the TRIP base metal, and the strengths were somewhat higher than those of base metal. There was a significant reduction in formability caused by welding of the DP600/TRIP700 steel sheets, and the formability increased with increasing welding speed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Anik1978,
  author    = {Anik, Sabri},
  title     = {Gespritzte Metallbeschichtungen : Eigenschaften lichtbogengespritzter Stahlschichten in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von einigen Spritzparametern},
  series = {Technische Rundschau : TR ; das Schweizer Industrie-Magazin},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Technische Rundschau : TR ; das Schweizer Industrie-Magazin},
  number    = {26},
  publisher = {Medtrix Group},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {0040-148X},
  pages     = {9 -- 13},
  year      = {1978},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Anik1978,
  author    = {Anik, Sabri},
  title     = {Gespritzte Metallschichten : Eigenschaften lichtbogengespritzter Stahlschichten in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von einigen Spritzparametern},
  series = {Technische Rundschau : TR ; das Schweizer Industrie-Magazin},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Technische Rundschau : TR ; das Schweizer Industrie-Magazin},
  number    = {39},
  publisher = {Medtrix Group},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {0040-148X},
  pages     = {37 -- 41},
  year      = {1978},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AnikAnik1991,
  author    = {Anik, Sabri and Anik, Salahaddin},
  title     = {Stand der Schweißtechnik in der T{\"u}rkei},
  series = {Schweißen und Schneiden : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren},
  volume    = {43},
  journal   = {Schweißen und Schneiden : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {0036-7184},
  pages     = {142 -- 145},
  year      = {1991},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AnikDagsoez1971,
  author    = {Anik, Sabri and Dagsoez, A. K.},
  title     = {Feinbleche schweißen : die Temperaturverteilung in d{\"u}nnen Stahlblechplatten beim Lichtbogenschweißen},
  series = {Technische Rundschau : TR ; das Schweizer Industrie-Magazin},
  volume    = {63},
  journal   = {Technische Rundschau : TR ; das Schweizer Industrie-Magazin},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Medtrix Group},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {0040-148X},
  pages     = {57 -- 59},
  year      = {1971},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AnikFrohberg1984,
  author    = {Anik, Sabri and Frohberg, Martin G.},
  title     = {Thermodynamics and solubility of oxygen in liquid copper-lead alloys at 1200°C from E.M.F. measurements},
  series = {Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft f{\"u}r physikalische Chemie},
  volume    = {88},
  journal   = {Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft f{\"u}r physikalische Chemie},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {0940-483X},
  pages     = {707 -- 710},
  year      = {1984},
  language  = {en}
}