@article{Heinrichs1989,
  author    = {Heinrichs, Horst},
  title     = {Verbindung von CAD und CAE mittels der systemneutralen CAD I Schnittstelle},
  pages     = {391 -- 408},
  year      = {1989},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Gauchel1999,
  author    = {Gauchel, Joachim},
  title     = {Verbesserung der Qualit{\"a}t von Freiformoberfl{\"a}chen},
  address   = {FH Aachen},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Pfeiffer1999,
  author    = {Pfeiffer, Johann},
  title     = {Verbesserung der Qualit{\"a}t von Freiformoberfl{\"a}chen},
  publisher = {Fachhochsch.},
  address   = {Aachen},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{StarkeKampker1999,
  author    = {Starke, G{\"u}nther and Kampker, M.},
  title     = {Verbesserte Roboterprogrammierung f{\"u}r die werkstattorientierte Fertigung},
  series = {DVS-Berichte. 199 (1999)},
  journal   = {DVS-Berichte. 199 (1999)},
  isbn      = {0418-9639},
  pages     = {84 -- 90},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{GrundmannBommesFricke2003,
  author    = {Grundmann, Reinhard and Bommes, Leonard and Fricke, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Ventilatoren},
  publisher = {Vulkan-Verlag},
  address   = {Essen},
  isbn      = {3-8027-3200-6},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Gebhardt2002,
  author    = {Gebhardt, Andreas},
  title     = {Vakuumgiessen innerhalb der Produktentstehung},
  series = {Form und Werkzeug (2002)},
  journal   = {Form und Werkzeug (2002)},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BudaWollertVedral2009,
  author    = {Buda, Aurel and Wollert, J{\"o}rg and Vedral, Andreas},
  title     = {UWIfac - Ultra wideband interface for factory automation},
  series = {Automation 2009 : Automatisierungskongress in Deutschland ; Kongress Baden-Baden, 16. und 17. Juni 2009. (VDI-Berichte ; 2067)},
  booktitle = {Automation 2009 : Automatisierungskongress in Deutschland ; Kongress Baden-Baden, 16. und 17. Juni 2009. (VDI-Berichte ; 2067)},
  publisher = {VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  organization    = {Automatisierungskongress <2009, Baden-Baden>},
  isbn      = {978-3-18-092067-2},
  pages     = {257 -- 260},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Wollert2007,
  author    = {Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {UWB, ZigBee und Z-Wave in der Automatisierung : neue Konkurrenzsituation bei Short Range Wireless?},
  series = {Elektronik : Fachmedium f{\"u}r industrielle Anwender und Entwickler},
  volume    = {Bd. 56},
  journal   = {Elektronik : Fachmedium f{\"u}r industrielle Anwender und Entwickler},
  number    = {H. 2},
  issn      = {0013-5658},
  pages     = {62 -- 65},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{FranzenSteckenPfaffetal.2019,
  author    = {Franzen, Julian and Stecken, Jannis and Pfaff, Raphael and Kuhlenk{\"o}tter, Bernd},
  title     = {Using the Digital Shadow for a Prescriptive Optimization of Maintenance and Operation : The Locomotive in the Context of the Cyber-Physical System},
  series = {Advances in Production, Logistics and Traffic},
  booktitle = {Advances in Production, Logistics and Traffic},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-13535-5},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-13535-5_19},
  pages     = {265 -- 276},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In competition with other modes of transport, rail freight transport is looking for solutions to become more attractive. Short-term success can be achieved through the data-driven optimization of operations and maintenance as well as the application of novel strategies such as prescriptive maintenance. After introducing the concept of prescriptive maintenance, this paper aims to prove that vehicle-focused applications of this approach indeed have the potential to increase attractiveness. However, even greater advantages can be activated if data from the horizontal network of the vehicle is available. Drawing on the state of the art in research and technology in the field of cyber-physical systems (CPS) as well as digital twins and shadows, our work serves to design a system of systems for the horizontal interconnection of a rail vehicle and to conceptualize a draft for a digital twin of a locomotive.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HaselgruberMautnerThiele2010,
  author    = {Haselgruber, Nikolaus and Mautner, Karin and Thiele, Jan},
  title     = {Usage Space Analysis for Reliability Testing},
  series = {Quality and Reliability Engineering International},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Quality and Reliability Engineering International},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1099-1638},
  doi       = {10.1002/qre.1155},
  pages     = {877 -- 885},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {During the development process of a complex technical product, one widely used and important technique is accelerated testing where the applied stress on a component is chosen to exceed the reference stress, i.e. the stress encountered in field operation, in order to reduce the time to failure. For that, the reference stress has to be known. Since a complex technical product may fail regarding numerous failure modes, stress in general is highly dimensional rather than scalar. In addition, customers use their products individually, i.e. field operation should be described by a distribution rather than by one scalar stress value. In this paper, a way to span the customer usage space is shown. It allows the identification of worst case reference stress profiles in significantly reduced dimensions with minimal loss of information. The application example shows that even for a complex product like a combustion engine, stress information can be compressed significantly. With low measurement effort it turned out that only three reference stress cycles were sufficient to cover a broad range of customer stress variety.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{UlmerBraunChengetal.2022,
  author    = {Ulmer, Jessica and Braun, Sebastian and Cheng, Chi-Tsun and Dowey, Steve and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Usage of digital twins for gamification applications in manufacturing},
  series = {Procedia CIRP Leading manufacturing systems transformation - Proceedings of the 55th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems 2022},
  volume    = {107},
  booktitle = {Procedia CIRP Leading manufacturing systems transformation - Proceedings of the 55th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems 2022},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2212-8271},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.procir.2022.05.044},
  pages     = {675 -- 680},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Gamification applications are on the rise in the manufacturing sector to customize working scenarios, offer user-specific feedback, and provide personalized learning offerings. Commonly, different sensors are integrated into work environments to track workers' actions. Game elements are selected according to the work task and users' preferences. However, implementing gamified workplaces remains challenging as different data sources must be established, evaluated, and connected. Developers often require information from several areas of the companies to offer meaningful gamification strategies for their employees. Moreover, work environments and the associated support systems are usually not flexible enough to adapt to personal needs. Digital twins are one primary possibility to create a uniform data approach that can provide semantic information to gamification applications. Frequently, several digital twins have to interact with each other to provide information about the workplace, the manufacturing process, and the knowledge of the employees. This research aims to create an overview of existing digital twin approaches for digital support systems and presents a concept to use digital twins for gamified support and training systems. The concept is based upon the Reference Architecture Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and includes information about the whole life cycle of the assets. It is applied to an existing gamified training system and evaluated in the Industry 4.0 model factory by an example of a handle mounting.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Kallweit1994,
  author    = {Kallweit, Stephan},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Erstellung wissensbasierter Fehlerdiagnosesysteme f{\"u}r Kreiselpumpen},
  pages     = {271 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AnikFrohbergKapoor1982,
  author    = {Anik, Sabri and Frohberg, Martin G. and Kapoor, Madan Lal},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zum thermodynamischen Verhalten des Sauerstoffs in Kupfer-Wismut-Schmelzen bei 1200°C},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physikalische Chemie},
  volume    = {133},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physikalische Chemie},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {0942-9352},
  pages     = {167 -- 174},
  year      = {1982},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FrohbergAnik1986,
  author    = {Frohberg, Martin G. and Anik, Sabri},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zum L{\"o}sungsverhalten von Sauerstoff in Metallschmelzen},
  series = {Neue H{\"u}tte : metallurgisch-metallkundliche Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Forschung und Praxis},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Neue H{\"u}tte : metallurgisch-metallkundliche Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Forschung und Praxis},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {0028-3207},
  pages     = {255 -- 258},
  year      = {1986},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{ScheikReisgenSchleseretal.2012,
  author    = {Scheik, Sven and Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Huber, Frederic},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zum dehnungsbasierten Versagen von geklebten, oberfl{\"a}chenveredelten Blechen im Zugscherversuch},
  series = {2. Doktorandenseminar Klebtechnik : Vortr{\"a}ge der gleichnamigen Veranstaltung in Dresden am 5. und 6. September 2011},
  booktitle = {2. Doktorandenseminar Klebtechnik : Vortr{\"a}ge der gleichnamigen Veranstaltung in Dresden am 5. und 6. September 2011},
  publisher = {DVS-Media},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  organization    = {Institut f{\"u}r Schweißtechnik und F{\"u}getechnik Aachen> ; Doktorandenseminar Klebtechnik <2, 2011, Dresden>},
  isbn      = {978-3-87155-599-2},
  pages     = {73 -- 78},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{ScheikReisgenSchleseretal.2012,
  author    = {Scheik, Sven and Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Huber, Frederic},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zum dehnungsbasierten Versagen von geklebten, oberfl{\"a}chenveredelten Blechen im Zugscherversuch},
  series = {2. Doktorandenseminar Klebtechnik : Vortr{\"a}ge der gleichnamigen Veranstaltung in Dresden am 5. und 6. September 2011. (DVS-Berichte ; 292)},
  booktitle = {2. Doktorandenseminar Klebtechnik : Vortr{\"a}ge der gleichnamigen Veranstaltung in Dresden am 5. und 6. September 2011. (DVS-Berichte ; 292)},
  publisher = {DVS Media},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  organization    = {Doktorandenseminar Klebtechnik <2, 2011, Dresden> ; Institut f{\"u}r Schweißtechnik und F{\"u}getechnik <Aachen>},
  isbn      = {978-3-87155-599-2},
  pages     = {73 -- 78},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ReisgenSchleserSchiebahn2013,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Schiebahn, Alexander},
  title     = {Untersuchung zum Einfluss von Maschineneigenschaften von Schweißzangen zum Widerstandspunktschweißen auf das Schweißergebnis},
  series = {Schweissen und Schneiden : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren},
  volume    = {Bd. 65},
  journal   = {Schweissen und Schneiden : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren},
  number    = {H. 6},
  publisher = {DVS Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  issn      = {0036-7184},
  pages     = {309 -- 313},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Schleser2011,
  author    = {Schleser, Markus},
  title     = {Untersuchung des konduktiven R{\"u}hrreibschweißens an Stahl- und Aluminiumwerkstoffen. Schlussbericht. F{\"o}rderkennzeichen: AIF 15687 N},
  pages     = {87 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Willms1987,
  author    = {Willms, Herbert},
  title     = {Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Str{\"o}mungsfeld und Reaktionsfront beim deflagrativen Abbrand von Kohlenwasserstoff-Luft-Gemischwolken},
  publisher = {VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {3-18-142719-5},
  pages     = {VII, 168 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1987},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Thomas2013,
  author    = {Thomas, Axel},
  title     = {Unternehmertum als Studienfach?!},
  series = {Innovation durch Kooperation : wie der Mittelstand durch Zusammenarbeit mit den Hochschulen seine Wettbewerbsf{\"a}higkeit steigert : Festschrift f{\"u}r Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Johannes Gartzen / Thomas Gartzen, Ute Gartzen (Hrsg.)},
  booktitle = {Innovation durch Kooperation : wie der Mittelstand durch Zusammenarbeit mit den Hochschulen seine Wettbewerbsf{\"a}higkeit steigert : Festschrift f{\"u}r Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Johannes Gartzen / Thomas Gartzen, Ute Gartzen (Hrsg.)},
  publisher = {Apprimus Verlag},
  address   = {Aachen},
  isbn      = {978-3-86359-136-6},
  pages     = {139 -- 144},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}