@article{WilbringEnningPfaffetal.2020,
  author    = {Wilbring, Daniela and Enning, Manfred and Pfaff, Raphael and Schmidt, Bernd},
  title     = {Neue Perspektiven f{\"u}r die Bahn in der Produktions- und Distributionslogistik durch Prozessautomation},
  series = {ETR - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau},
  volume    = {69},
  journal   = {ETR - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {0013-2845},
  pages     = {15 -- 19},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{GerhardsSchleserOttenetal.2019,
  author    = {Gerhards, Benjamin and Schleser, Markus and Otten,, Christian and Schwarz, Alexander and Gebhardt, Andreas},
  title     = {Innovative Laser Beam Joining Technology for Additive Manufactured Parts},
  series = {Conference Proceedings 72nd IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference, 7-12 July 2019, Bratislava},
  booktitle = {Conference Proceedings 72nd IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference, 7-12 July 2019, Bratislava},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GerhardsSchleserOtten2019,
  author    = {Gerhards, Benjamin and Schleser, Markus and Otten, Christian},
  title     = {Advancements of mobile vacuum laser welding for industrial thick sheet applications},
  series = {Conference Proceedings 72nd IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference, 7-12 July 2019, Bratislava},
  booktitle = {Conference Proceedings 72nd IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference, 7-12 July 2019, Bratislava},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BraunChengLaietal.2019,
  author    = {Braun, Sebastian and Cheng, Chi-Tsun and Lai, Chow Yin and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Microservice Architecture for Automation - Realization by the example of a model-factory's manufacturing execution system},
  series = {Proceedings of the 23rd World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: WMSCI 2019},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: WMSCI 2019},
  pages     = {33 -- 37},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Thomas2019,
  author    = {Thomas, Axel},
  title     = {Die Wiederbelebung der Mitarbeiterwohnungsidee bei kommunalen Unternehmen},
  series = {VM Verwaltung und Management},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {VM Verwaltung und Management},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Nomos-Verl.-Ges.},
  address   = {Baden-Baden},
  issn      = {0947-9856},
  doi       = {10.5771/0947-9856-2019-6-286},
  pages     = {286 -- 291},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EngelnMuellges1982,
  author    = {Engeln-M{\"u}llges, Gisela},
  title     = {Entartungsbedingungen f{\"u}r Gleitfl{\"a}chennomogramme und Nomographierbarkeitsbedingungen f{\"u}r Fluchtebenennomogramme},
  series = {ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik},
  volume    = {62},
  journal   = {ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1521-4001},
  doi       = {10.1002/zamm.19820620203},
  pages     = {77 -- 93},
  year      = {1982},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{EngemannDuKallweitetal.2020,
  author    = {Engemann, Heiko and Du, Shengzhi and Kallweit, Stephan and Ning, Chuanfang and Anwar, Saqib},
  title     = {AutoSynPose: Automatic Generation of Synthetic Datasets for 6D Object Pose Estimation},
  series = {Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of MLIS 2020},
  booktitle = {Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of MLIS 2020},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {978-1-64368-137-5},
  doi       = {10.3233/FAIA200770},
  pages     = {89 -- 97},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {We present an automated pipeline for the generation of synthetic datasets for six-dimension (6D) object pose estimation. Therefore, a completely automated generation process based on predefined settings is developed, which enables the user to create large datasets with a minimum of interaction and which is feasible for applications with a high object variance. The pipeline is based on the Unreal 4 (UE4) game engine and provides a high variation for domain randomization, such as object appearance, ambient lighting, camera-object transformation and distractor density. In addition to the object pose and bounding box, the metadata includes all randomization parameters, which enables further studies on randomization parameter tuning. The developed workflow is adaptable to other 3D objects and UE4 environments. An exemplary dataset is provided including five objects of the Yale-CMU-Berkeley (YCB) object set. The datasets consist of 6 million subsegments using 97 rendering locations in 12 different UE4 environments. Each dataset subsegment includes one RGB image, one depth image and one class segmentation image at pixel-level.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EngemannDuKallweitetal.2020,
  author    = {Engemann, Heiko and Du, Shengzhi and Kallweit, Stephan and C{\"o}nen, Patrick and Dawar, Harshal},
  title     = {OMNIVIL - an autonomous mobile manipulator for flexible production},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {24, art. no. 7249},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  isbn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s20247249},
  pages     = {1 -- 30},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{UlmerBraunChengetal.2020,
  author    = {Ulmer, Jessica and Braun, Sebastian and Cheng, Chi-Tsun and Dowey, Steve and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Gamified Virtual Reality Training Environment for the Manufacturing Industry},
  doi       = {10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286661},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{UlmerBraunChengetal.2020,
  author    = {Ulmer, Jessica and Braun, Sebastian and Cheng, Chi-Tsun and Dowey, Steve and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Simulation und Verifikation komplexer Handarbeitsprozesse durch die Kombination von Virtual Reality und Augmented Reality im Single-Piece-Workflow},
  series = {AALE 2020, 17. Fachkonferenz Angewandte Automatisierungstechnik in Lehre und Entwicklung, Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, Leipzig, DE, 4.-6.3.2020},
  booktitle = {AALE 2020, 17. Fachkonferenz Angewandte Automatisierungstechnik in Lehre und Entwicklung, Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, Leipzig, DE, 4.-6.3.2020},
  isbn      = {978-3-8007-5180-8},
  pages     = {1 -- 4},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Schmidt2019,
  author    = {Schmidt, Bernd},
  title     = {Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik f{\"u}r Ingenieure der Schienenfahrzeugtechnik und anderer Fachrichtungen : neu mit neuem SI-System und weiteren Inhalten f{\"u}r Mechantroniker},
  edition   = {3. vollst{\"a}ndig {\"u}berarbeitete Auflage},
  publisher = {B. Schmidt, Fachverlag f{\"u}r Elektro- und Informationstechnik},
  address   = {Bielefeld},
  isbn      = {978-3-944131-04-7},
  pages     = {XXVI, 270 Seiten : Illustrationen, Diagramme},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{SchmidtKaschEichleretal.2021,
  author    = {Schmidt, Thomas and Kasch, Susanne and Eichler, Fabian and Thurn, Laura},
  title     = {Process strategies on laser-based melting of glass powder},
  series = {Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2021},
  booktitle = {Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2021},
  pages     = {10 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This paper presents the laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) using various glass powders (borosilicate and quartz glass). Compared to metals, these require adapted process strategies. First, the glass powders were characterized with regard to their material properties and their processability in the powder bed. This was followed by investigations of the melting behavior of the glass powders with different laser wavelengths (10.6 µm, 1070 nm). In particular, the experimental setup of a CO2 laser was adapted for the processing of glass powder. An experimental setup with integrated coaxial temperature measurement/control and an inductively heatable build platform was created. This allowed the L-PBF process to be carried out at the transformation temperature of the glasses. Furthermore, the component's material quality was analyzed on three-dimensional test specimen with regard to porosity, roughness, density and geometrical accuracy in order to evaluate the developed L-PBF parameters and to open up possible applications.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfaffEnningSutter2022,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Enning, Manfred and Sutter, Stefan},
  title     = {A risk‑based approach to automatic brake tests for rail freight service: incident analysis and realisation concept},
  series = {SN Applied Sciences},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {SN Applied Sciences},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {2523-3971},
  doi       = {10.1007/s42452-022-05007-x},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This study reviews the practice of brake tests in freight railways, which is time consuming and not suitable to detect certain failure types. Public incident reports are analysed to derive a reasonable brake test hardware and communication architecture, which aims to provide automatic brake tests at lower cost than current solutions. The proposed solutions relies exclusively on brake pipe and brake cylinder pressure sensors, a brake release position switch as well as radio communication via standard protocols. The approach is embedded in the Wagon 4.0 concept, which is a holistic approach to a smart freight wagon. The reduction of manual processes yields a strong incentive due to high savings in manual labour and increased productivity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@masterthesis{Schnitzler2022,
  type      = {Bachelor Thesis},
  author    = {Schnitzler, Nora},
  title     = {Identifikation und Bewertung geeigneter Mikrostrukturierungen zum Schutz von Biohybridbeschichtungen von Zahnimplantaten vor Abrasion beim Z{\"a}hneputzen},
  publisher = {FH Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  school      = {Fachhochschule Aachen},
  pages     = {67 S.},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die Oberfl{\"a}chen dentaler Implantate sind definiert durch eine raue Oberfl{\"a}che, um die Integration in den menschlichen Knochen zu optimieren. Entz{\"u}ndungen des umgebenden Zahnfleisches z{\"a}hlen dabei zu den h{\"a}ufigsten Komplikationen nach einer Implantation. Diese Entz{\"u}ndungen entstehen haupts{\"a}chlich durch bakterielle Infektionen des Weichgewebes an der Implantations-Stelle. Die raue Oberfl{\"a}che tr{\"a}gt jedoch zu einer solchen Infektion bei. Da der Implantat-Kopf zum Teil aus dem Knochen herausragt, erfolgt beispielsweise beim Z{\"a}hneputzen eine Freilegung der Implantat-Oberfl{\"a}che. Die durch die Rauheit vergr{\"o}ßerte Oberfl{\"a}che bietet dabei ideale Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r eine Bakterienansiedlung. In der aktuellen Forschung steht die Entwicklung einer Oberfl{\"a}che im Vordergrund, die eine antibakterielle Funktionalisierung erzeugt. Diese verhindert die Bakterienansiedlung und wirkt einer Entz{\"u}ndung entgegen. Um die Beschichtung vor Verschleiß zu sch{\"u}tzen und ihre Lebensdauer der antibakteriellen Wirkung zu erh{\"o}hen, ist es m{\"o}glich die Oberfl{\"a}che mit einer Mikrostruktur zu versehen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Identifikation geeigneter Mikrostrukturierungen, die der antibakteriellen Beschichtung einen optimalen Schutz vor Verschleiß bieten. Am Beispiel von Titan-Zahnimplantaten wird der Schutz der aufgetragenen Biohybridbeschichtung gegen abrasiven Verschleiß untersucht. Im Vorfeld wird eine Analyse der fertigungstechnischen M{\"o}glichkeiten mit Blick auf dentale Implantate und Mikrostrukturen durchgef{\"u}hrt, um das ein passendes Verfahren zu identifizieren. Die Analogiebauteile als Probenk{\"o}rper werden, mithilfe des zuvor ausgew{\"a}hlten Verfahrens, mit verschiedenen Mikrostrukturen versehen. Im Rahmen einer Versuchsdurchf{\"u}hrung, die die mechanische Belastung bei einem Zahnputzdurchgang imitiert, werden die verschiedenen Mikrostrukturen auf ihre Eignung f{\"u}r diese Anwendung {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Ein Vorversuch dient zur Identifizierung eines geeigneten Ankerpeptids, welches den bindenden Bestandteil der Biohybridbeschichtung darstellt. Aus drei zuvor ausgew{\"a}hlten Ankerpeptiden wird das mit der besten Adh{\"a}sionsf{\"a}higkeit herausgestellt. Im finalen Versuchsdurchlauf wird das Ankerpeptid auf die Oberfl{\"a}chen, die mit den Mikrostrukturen versehen sind, aufgetragen. Dabei ist das Ziel eine Mikrostruktur herauszustellen, die den h{\"o}chstm{\"o}glichen Schutz bietet. Durch eine Fluoreszenzpr{\"u}fung mithilfe eines Flourescence Plate Readers wird jede Kombination nach den Belastungsversuchen auf den Restanteil der Beschichtung {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Das Ergebnis stellt eine Mikrostruktur dar, die den bestm{\"o}glichen Schutz bietet. Dies ist erkennbar durch den h{\"o}chsten Anteil an Restbeschichtung. Eine Strukturierung mit sogenannten Micro-Grooves in Kombination mit dem MacHis-Ankerpeptid erzielte in der Analyse der Belastungssimulationen die besten Ergebnisse bez{\"u}glich des Schutzes der Beschichtung. Durch die Versuche best{\"a}tigte sich eine weitere Annahme. Die Strukturierung der Oberfl{\"a}che erzielt einen deutlich h{\"o}heren Schutz im Vergleich zu einer unstrukturierten Oberfl{\"a}che. Zudem hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine Beschichtung mit dem sogenannten PEO-Verfahren eine deutlich gr{\"o}ßere Adh{\"a}sion der Biohybridbeschichtung erzielt. Dies wird jedoch Thema weiterf{\"u}hrender Forschungen sein und kein Bestandteil der vorliegenden Arbeit.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{UlmerBraunChengetal.2022,
  author    = {Ulmer, Jessica and Braun, Sebastian and Cheng, Chi-Tsun and Dowey, Steve and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Gamification of virtual reality assembly training: Effects of a combined point and level system on motivation and training results},
  series = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies},
  volume    = {165},
  journal   = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies},
  number    = {Art. No. 102854},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1071-5819},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102854},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Virtual Reality (VR) offers novel possibilities for remote training regardless of the availability of the actual equipment, the presence of specialists, and the training locations. Research shows that training environments that adapt to users' preferences and performance can promote more effective learning. However, the observed results can hardly be traced back to specific adaptive measures but the whole new training approach. This study analyzes the effects of a combined point and leveling VR-based gamification system on assembly training targeting specific training outcomes and users' motivations. The Gamified-VR-Group with 26 subjects received the gamified training, and the Non-Gamified-VR-Group with 27 subjects received the alternative without gamified elements. Both groups conducted their VR training at least three times before assembling the actual structure. The study found that a level system that gradually increases the difficulty and error probability in VR can significantly lower real-world error rates, self-corrections, and support usages. According to our study, a high error occurrence at the highest training level reduced the Gamified-VR-Group's feeling of competence compared to the Non-Gamified-VR-Group, but at the same time also led to lower error probabilities in real-life. It is concluded that a level system with a variable task difficulty should be combined with carefully balanced positive and negative feedback messages. This way, better learning results, and an improved self-evaluation can be achieved while not causing significant impacts on the participants' feeling of competence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{EvansBraunUlmeretal.2022,
  author    = {Evans, Benjamin and Braun, Sebastian and Ulmer, Jessica and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {AAS implementations - current problems and solutions},
  series = {20th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)},
  booktitle = {20th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  isbn      = {978-1-6654-1040-3},
  doi       = {10.1109/ME54704.2022.9982933},
  pages     = {6 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The fourth industrial revolution presents a multitude of challenges for industries, one of which being the increased flexibility required of manufacturing lines as a result of increased consumer demand for individualised products. One solution to tackle this challenge is the digital twin, more specifically the standardised model of a digital twin also known as the asset administration shell. The standardisation of an industry wide communications tool is a critical step in enabling inter-company operations. This paper discusses the current state of asset administration shells, the frameworks used to host them and their problems that need to be addressed. To tackle these issues, we propose an event-based server capable of drastically reducing response times between assets and asset administration shells and a multi-agent system used for the orchestration and deployment of the shells in the field.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Dreschers2023,
  author    = {Dreschers, Martin},
  title     = {\S25 Arbeitsrechtliche Probleme im Rahmen der Betriebsfortf{\"u}hrung},
  series = {Betriebsfortf{\"u}hrung in Restrukturierung und Insolvenz},
  booktitle = {Betriebsfortf{\"u}hrung in Restrukturierung und Insolvenz},
  editor    = {M{\"o}nning, Rolf-Dieter},
  publisher = {RWS Verlag},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  isbn      = {978-3-8145-2012-4 (print)},
  doi       = {https://doi.org/10.15375/9783814558882-028},
  pages     = {947 -- 988},
  year      = {2023},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Dreschers2023,
  author    = {Dreschers, Martin},
  title     = {\S18 Grenz{\"u}berschreitende Eigenverwaltung},
  series = {HRI II - Handbuch Restrukturierung in der Insolvenz},
  booktitle = {HRI II - Handbuch Restrukturierung in der Insolvenz},
  editor    = {K{\"u}bler, Bruno M. and Bork, Reinhard and Pr{\"u}tting, Hanns},
  publisher = {RWS Verlag},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  isbn      = {978-3-8145-2010-0 (print)},
  doi       = {10.15375/9783814558714-028},
  pages     = {524 -- 556},
  year      = {2023},
  language  = {de}
}
@masterthesis{Ferraioli2023,
  type      = {Bachelor Thesis},
  author    = {Ferraioli, Luigi},
  title     = {Validierung einer Simulationsumgebung f{\"u}r Umfeldsensorik von Schienenfahrzeugen},
  publisher = {FH Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  school      = {Fachhochschule Aachen},
  pages     = {49 Seiten},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Diese Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit der digitalen Nachbildung eines Testgel{\"a}ndes sowie eines Schienenfahrzeugs in der Simulationsumgebung Gazebo. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der pr{\"a}zisen Abbildung der Umfeldsensorik anhand eines realen Schienenfahrzeuges. Ziel ist die Erzeugung {\"a}quivalenter Messdaten der Simulationsumgebung und des realen Schienenfahrzeuges unter gleichen Einsatzbedingungen. Dazu werden unterschiedliche Verfahren eingesetzt, um die Parameter der einzelnen Sensorik so zu konfigurieren, dass die Messergebnisse mit den Messdaten der realen Sensorik konvergieren. Die Ergebnisse der Messdaten zeigen, dass obwohl die Simulationsumgebung einige physikalische Materialeigenschaften nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigt, eine pr{\"a}zise Abbildung der Sensorik und geometrischen Strukturen des Testgel{\"a}ndes m{\"o}glich ist. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus erm{\"o}glicht die Kombination von Gazebo und ROS2 Integrationstests und die Entwicklung von Softwareanwendungen sowohl in der Simulation als auch auf dem realen Schienenfahrzeug. Eine realit{\"a}tsnahe und reproduzierbare Auswertung der Sensormessdaten der Simulationsumgebung f{\"u}r Schienenfahrzeuge ist somit realisierbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PfaffBabilon2023,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Babilon, Katharina},
  title     = {Railway Challenge - moderne Auflage der Rainhill Trials?},
  series = {Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau : ETR ; Impulsgeber f{\"u}r das System Bahn},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau : ETR ; Impulsgeber f{\"u}r das System Bahn},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {DVV Media Group},
  address   = {Hamburg},
  issn      = {0013-2845},
  pages     = {55 -- 58},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Die IMechE Railway Challenge wird j{\"a}hrlich in Stapleford, Großbritannien ausgetragen. Im Rahmen der Challenge entwickeln und bauen Studierende eine Lokomotive und vergleichen sich in verschiedenen Disziplinen, darunter eine automatisierte Zielbremsung, optimale Energier{\"u}ckgewinnung beim Bremsen und minimale Ger{\"a}uschemissionen. Neben diesen und weiteren technischen Wettbewerbsdisziplinen treten die Fahrzeuge und die Teams auch in nicht-technischen Disziplinen wie einer Business Case Challenge an.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ChengWollertChenetal.2023,
  author    = {Cheng, Chi-Tsun and Wollert, J{\"o}rg and Chen, Xi and Fapojuwo, Abraham O.},
  title     = {Guest Editorial : Circuits and Systems for Industry X.0 Applications},
  series = {IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems},
  edition   = {2},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {2156-3357 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1109/JETCAS.2023.3278843},
  pages     = {457 -- 460},
  year      = {2023},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ChavezBermudezCruzCastanonRuchayetal.2022,
  author    = {Chavez Bermudez, Victor Francisco and Cruz Castanon, Victor Fernando and Ruchay, Marco and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Rapid prototyping framework for automation applications based on IO-Link},
  series = {Tagungsband AALE 2022},
  booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2022},
  editor    = {Leipzig, Hochschule f{\"u}r Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur},
  address   = {Leipzig},
  isbn      = {978-3-910103-00-9},
  doi       = {10.33968/2022.28},
  pages     = {8 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The development of protype applications with sensors and actuators in the automation industry requires tools that are independent of manufacturer, and are flexible enough to be modified or extended for any specific requirements. Currently, developing prototypes with industrial sensors and actuators is not straightforward. First of all, the exchange of information depends on the industrial protocol that these devices have. Second, a specific configuration and installation is done based on the hardware that is used, such as automation controllers or industrial gateways. This means that the development for a specific industrial protocol, highly depends on the hardware and the software that vendors provide. In this work we propose a rapid-prototyping framework based on Arduino to solve this problem. For this project we have focused to work with the IO-Link protocol. The framework consists of an Arduino shield that acts as the physical layer, and a software that implements the IO-Link Master protocol. The main advantage of such framework is that an application with industrial devices can be rapid-prototyped with ease as its vendor independent, open-source and can be ported easily to other Arduino compatible boards. In comparison, a typical approach requires proprietary hardware, is not easy to port to another system and is closed-source.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{UlmerMostafaWollert2022,
  author    = {Ulmer, Jessica and Mostafa, Youssef and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Digital Twin Academy: From Zero to Hero through individual learning experiences},
  series = {Tagungsband AALE 2022 / Herausgegeben von der Hochschule f{\"u}r Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig},
  booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2022 / Herausgegeben von der Hochschule f{\"u}r Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig},
  isbn      = {978-3-910103-00-9},
  doi       = {10.33968/2022.33},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:l189-qucosa2-776097},
  pages     = {1 -- 9},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Digital twins are seen as one of the key technologies of Industry 4.0. Although many research groups focus on digital twins and create meaningful outputs, the technology has not yet reached a broad application in the industry. The main reasons for this imbalance are the complexity of the topic, the lack of specialists, and the unawareness of the twin opportunities. The project "Digital Twin Academy" aims to overcome these barriers by focusing on three actions: Building a digital twin community for discussion and exchange, offering multi-stage training for various knowledge levels, and implementing realworld use cases for deeper insights and guidance. In this work, we focus on creating a flexible learning platform that allows the user to select a training path adjusted to personal knowledge and needs. Therefore, a mix of basic and advanced modules is created and expanded by individual feedback options. The usage of personas supports the selection of the appropriate modules.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{UlmerBraunWollert2021,
  author    = {Ulmer, Jessica and Braun, Sebastian and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Adaptive VR-Produktionsumgebungen f{\"u}r Evaluations- und Schulungst{\"a}tigkeiten},
  series = {Automation 2021: Navigating towards resilient Production},
  booktitle = {Automation 2021: Navigating towards resilient Production},
  publisher = {VDI},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {978-3-18-092392-5},
  issn      = {0083-5560},
  doi       = {10.51202/9783181023921-55},
  pages     = {55 -- 64},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Industrie 4.0 stellt viele Herausforderungen an produzierende Unternehmen und ihre Besch{\"a}f-tigten. Innovative und effektive Trainingsstrategien sind erforderlich, um mit den sich schnell ver{\"a}ndernden Produktionsumgebungen und neuen Fertigungstechnologien Schritt halten zu k{\"o}nnen. Virtual Reality (VR) bietet neue M{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r On-the-Job, On-Demand- und Off-Premise-Schulungen. Diese Arbeit stellt ein neues VR Schulungssystem vor, welches sich flexible an unterschiedliche Trainingsobjekte auf Grundlage von Rezepten und CAD Modellen anpassen l{\"a}sst. Das Konzept basiert auf gerichteten azyklischen Graphen und einem Level-system. Es erm{\"o}glicht eine benutzerindividuelle Lerngeschwindigkeit mittels visueller Ele-mente. Das Konzept wurde f{\"u}r einen mechanischen Anwendungsfall mit Industriekomponen-ten implementiert und in der Industrie 4.0-Modellfabrik der FH Aachen umgesetzt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LuftBremenLuft2023,
  author    = {Luft, Angela and Bremen, Sebastian and Luft, Nils},
  title     = {A cost/benefit and flexibility evaluation framework for additive technologies in strategic factory planning},
  series = {Processes},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Processes},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2227-9717},
  doi       = {10.3390/pr11071968},
  pages     = {Artikel 1968},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {There is a growing demand for more flexibility in manufacturing to counter the volatility and unpredictability of the markets and provide more individualization for customers. However, the design and implementation of flexibility within manufacturing systems are costly and only economically viable if applicable to actual demand fluctuations. To this end, companies are considering additive manufacturing (AM) to make production more flexible. This paper develops a conceptual model for the impact quantification of AM on volume and mix flexibility within production systems in the early stages of the factory-planning process. Together with the model, an application guideline is presented to help planners with the flexibility quantification and the factory design process. Following the development of the model and guideline, a case study is presented to indicate the potential impact additive technologies can have on manufacturing flexibility Within the case study, various scenarios with different production system configurations and production programs are analyzed, and the impact of the additive technologies on volume and mix flexibility is calculated. This work will allow factory planners to determine the potential impacts of AM on manufacturing flexibility in an early planning stage and design their production systems accordingly.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Pfaff2023,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael},
  title     = {Braking distance prediction for vehicle consist in low-speed on-sight operation: a Monte Carlo approach},
  series = {Railway Engineering Science},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Railway Engineering Science},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {SpringerOpen},
  issn      = {2662-4753 (eISSN)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s40534-023-00303-7},
  pages     = {135 -- 144},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The first and last mile of a railway journey, in both freight and transit applications, constitutes a high effort and is either non-productive (e.g. in the case of depot operations) or highly inefficient (e.g. in industrial railways). These parts are typically managed on-sight, i.e. with no signalling and train protection systems ensuring the freedom of movement. This is possible due to the rather short braking distances of individual vehicles and shunting consists. The present article analyses the braking behaviour of such shunting units. For this purpose, a dedicated model is developed. It is calibrated on published results of brake tests and validated against a high-definition model for low-speed applications. Based on this model, multiple simulations are executed to obtain a Monte Carlo simulation of the resulting braking distances. Based on the distribution properties and established safety levels, the risk of exceeding certain braking distances is evaluated and maximum braking distances are derived. Together with certain parameters of the system, these can serve in the design and safety assessment of driver assistance systems and automation of these processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbbasHedwigBalcetal.2023,
  author    = {Abbas, Karim and Hedwig, Lukas and Balc, Nicolae and Bremen, Sebastian},
  title     = {Advanced FFF of PEEK: Infill strategies and material characteristics for rapid tooling},
  series = {Polymers},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Polymers},
  number    = {15},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/polym15214293},
  pages     = {Artikel 4293},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Traditional vulcanization mold manufacturing is complex, costly, and under pressure due to shorter product lifecycles and diverse variations. Additive manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication and high-performance polymers like PEEK offer a promising future in this industry. This study assesses the compressive strength of various infill structures (honeycomb, grid, triangle, cubic, and gyroid) when considering two distinct build directions (Z, XY) to enhance PEEK's economic and resource efficiency in rapid tooling. A comparison with PETG samples shows the behavior of the infill strategies. Additionally, a proof of concept illustrates the application of a PEEK mold in vulcanization. A peak compressive strength of 135.6 MPa was attained in specimens that were 100\% solid and subjected to thermal post-treatment. This corresponds to a 20\% strength improvement in the Z direction. In terms of time and mechanical properties, the anisotropic grid and isotropic cubic infill have emerged for use in rapid tooling. Furthermore, the study highlights that reducing the layer thickness from 0.15 mm to 0.1 mm can result in a 15\% strength increase. The study unveils the successful utilization of a room-temperature FFF-printed PEEK mold in vulcanization injection molding. The parameters and infill strategies identified in this research enable the resource-efficient FFF printing of PEEK without compromising its strength properties. Using PEEK in rapid tooling allows a cost reduction of up to 70\% in tool production.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LuftLuftArntz2023,
  author    = {Luft, Angela and Luft, Nils and Arntz, Kristian},
  title     = {A basic description logic for service-oriented architecture in factory planning and operational control in the age of industry 4.0},
  series = {Applied Sciences},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Applied Sciences},
  number    = {13},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/app13137610},
  pages     = {Artikel 7610},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Manufacturing companies across multiple industries face an increasingly dynamic and unpredictable environment. This development can be seen on both the market and supply side. To respond to these challenges, manufacturing companies must implement smart manufacturing systems and become more flexible and agile. The flexibility in operational planning regarding the scheduling and sequencing of customer orders needs to be increased and new structures must be implemented in manufacturing systems' fundamental design as they constitute much of the operational flexibility available. To this end, smart and more flexible solutions for production planning and control (PPC) are developed. However, scheduling or sequencing is often only considered isolated in a predefined stable environment. Moreover, their orientation on the fundamental logic of the existing IT solutions and their applicability in a dynamic environment is limited. This paper presents a conceptual model for a task-based description logic that can be applied to factory planning, technology planning, and operational control. By using service-oriented architectures, the goal is to generate smart manufacturing systems. The logic is designed to allow for easy and automated maintenance. It is compatible with the existing resource and process allocation logic across operational and strategic factory and production planning.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UlmerBraunChengetal.2023,
  author    = {Ulmer, Jessica and Braun, Carsten and Cheng, Chi-Tsun and Dowey, Steve and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {A human factors-aware assistance system in manufacturing based on gamification and hardware modularisation},
  series = {International Journal of Production Research},
  journal   = {International Journal of Production Research},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  issn      = {0020-7543 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1080/00207543.2023.2166140},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Assistance systems have been widely adopted in the manufacturing sector to facilitate various processes and tasks in production environments. However, existing systems are mostly equipped with rigid functional logic and do not provide individual user experiences or adapt to their capabilities. This work integrates human factors in assistance systems by adjusting the hardware and instruction presented to the workers' cognitive and physical demands. A modular system architecture is designed accordingly, which allows a flexible component exchange according to the user and the work task. Gamification, the use of game elements in non-gaming contexts, has been further adopted in this work to provide level-based instructions and personalised feedback. The developed framework is validated by applying it to a manual workstation for industrial assembly routines.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WollertLeidinger2010,
  author    = {Wollert, J{\"o}rg and Leidinger, Rafael},
  title     = {Automation trifft Automotive : SPS in der Fahrzeugtechnik},
  series = {Elektronik automotive : Magazin f{\"u}r Entwicklungen in der Kfz-Elektronik und Telematik},
  journal   = {Elektronik automotive : Magazin f{\"u}r Entwicklungen in der Kfz-Elektronik und Telematik},
  number    = {4/5},
  publisher = {WEKA Fachmedien},
  address   = {Haar},
  issn      = {1614-0125},
  pages     = {44 -- 48},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Eine SPS im Kraftfahrzeug? Das geht ja gar nicht - da gibt es doch all die Hersteller f{\"u}r Kfz-Steuerger{\"a}te, die konfigurierbare Hardware anbieten. Im Prinzip ja, aber leider sind gerade die Sensoren oder Aktoren nicht ansteuerbar, die der Entwickler genau f{\"u}r sein aktuelles Projekt ben{\"o}tigt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen kleinen Einblick in neue M{\"o}glichkeiten des Rapid Prototyping f{\"u}r mechatronische Systeme auf der Basis von Speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerungen (SPS).},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ReisgenSchleserMokrovetal.2010,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Mokrov, Oleg and Ahmed, Essam},
  title     = {Uni- and bi-axial deformation behavior of laser welded advanced high strength steel sheets},
  series = {Journal of materials processing technology},
  volume    = {210},
  journal   = {Journal of materials processing technology},
  number    = {15},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0924-0136},
  doi       = {http10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.08.003},
  pages     = {2188 -- 2196},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Bead-on-plate butt joints of 2.5 mm hot rolled DP600/DP600 and 1.2 mm cold rolled TRIP700/TRIP700 steel sheets were performed using 6 kW CO2 laser beam welding. The welding speed ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 and from 2.1 to 3.9 m/min in DP/DP and TRIP/TRIP steel weldments respectively. A top surface helium gas was used as a shielding gas at a flow rate of 20 l/min. Metallographic examinations and transverse tensile testing (DIN EN 895: 1995) were carried out to characterize the weldments. The formability of base metals and weldments were investigated by standard Erichsen test (DIN EN ISO 20482). It was found that the uniaxial plastic behavior of both DP600 and TRIP700 base metals was in agreement with Swift and modified Mecking-Kocks models respectively. In a perpendicular tensile test to the weld line, all specimens were fractured at the base metal however the strengths were somewhat higher than those of base metal. There was a significant reduction in formability caused by welding of both DP/DP and TRIP/TRIP steel weldments and the formability has been improved with the increase of the welding speed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisgenSchleserJerabeketal.2010,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Jerabek, Jakub and Chudoba, Rostislav},
  title     = {Messung der Strahlqualit{\"a}t einer Elektronenstrahlanlage in Umgebungsatmosph{\"a}re},
  series = {Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1521-4052},
  pages     = {45 -- 52},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat das Elektronenstrahlschweißen, das bereits im gr{\"o}ßeren Maßstab verwendet wird, seine F{\"a}higkeit als qualitatives Werkzeug f{\"u}r die Verbindung verschiedener Materialen nachgewiesen. Das Non Vacuum Electron Beam Welding (NV-EBW) hat zahlreiche Vorteile im Vergleich zum Elektronenstrahlschweißen im Vakuum, da man unter normalem Atmosph{\"a}rendruck arbeiten kann. Im Hinblick auf die reproduzierbare Qualit{\"a}t, insbesondere im Bereich der Massen-Fertigung, ist die Kontrolle der Strahlparameter sowie deren Einfluss auf das Schweißergebnis von großer Bedeutung. Durch eine genaue Kenntnis der Strahlkenngr{\"o}ßen wie des Strahldurchmessers und der Leistungsdichteverteilung kann eine Aussage {\"u}ber die sich ausbildende Schweißnaht sowie die Schweißbaddynamik getroffen werden. Messungen der Strahlkenngr{\"o}ßen im Prozess erlauben insbesondere die Untersuchung von Humping-Effekten. In diesem Beitrag wird der Prozess der Elektronenstrahlvermessung unter atmosph{\"a}rischen Bedingungen beschrieben. Es wird zudem die Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Elektronenstrahlcharakteristika von den verschiedenen Prozessparametern dargestellt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MukherjeePrahlBlecketal.2010,
  author    = {Mukherjee, Krishnendu and Prahl, Ulrich and Bleck, Wolfgang and Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Abdurakhmanov, Aydemir},
  title     = {Characterization and modelling techniques for gas metal arc welding of DP 600 sheet steels},
  series = {Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1521-4052},
  doi       = {10.1002/mawe.201000692},
  pages     = {972 -- 983},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The objectives of the present work are to characterize the Gas Metal Arc Welding process of DP 600 sheet steel and to summarize the modelling techniques. The time-temperature evolution during the welding cycle was measured experimentally and modelled with the softwaretool SimWeld. To model the phase transformations during the welding cycle dilatometer tests were done to quantify the parameters for phase field modelling by MICRESS®. The important input parameters are interface mobility, nucleation density, etc. A contribution was made to include austenite to bainite transformation in MICRESS®. This is useful to predict the microstructure in the fast cooling segments. The phase transformation model is capable to predict the microstructure along the heating and cooling cycles of welding. Tensile tests have shown the evidence of failure at the heat affected zone, which has the ferrite-tempered martensite microstructure.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisgenSchleserMokrovetal.2010,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Mokrov, Oleg and Ahmed, Essam},
  title     = {Shielding gas influences on laser weldability of tailored blanks of advanced automotive steels},
  series = {Applied surface science},
  volume    = {257},
  journal   = {Applied surface science},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0169-4332 (E-Journal); 0169-4332 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.08.042},
  pages     = {1401 -- 1406},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The effects of shielding gas types and flow rates on CO2 laser weldability of DP600/TRIP700 steel sheets were studied in this work. The evaluated shielding gases were helium (He), argon (Ar) and different mixtures of He and Ar. Weld penetration, tensile strength and formability (Erichsen test) of laser welds were found to be strongly dependent upon the shielding gas types. The ability of shielding gas in removing plasma plume and thus increasing weld penetration is believed to be closely related to ionization potential and atomic weight which determine the period of plasma formation and disappearance. It was found that the higher helium shielding gas flow rate, the deeper weld penetration and the lower weld width.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AhmedReisgenSchleseretal.2010,
  author    = {Ahmed, Essam and Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Mokrov, Oleg},
  title     = {On formability of tailor laser welded blanks of DP/TRIP steel sheets},
  series = {Science and technology of welding and joining},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Science and technology of welding and joining},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Maney},
  address   = {Leeds},
  issn      = {1743-2936},
  doi       = {10.1179/136217110X12731414739754},
  pages     = {337 -- 342},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {This paper aims to evaluate the formability of tailor welded blanks of dual phase (DP600)/transformation induced plasticity (TRIP700) steel sheets. In this work, bead on plate butt joints of 2·5 mm DP600 and 1·2 mm TRIP700 steel sheets were performed using CO2 laser beam welding. Microhardness measurements and transverse tensile testing were carried out to characterise the welds. The formability of base metals and welds were investigated by standard Erichsen test. In a perpendicular tensile test to the weld line, all specimens were fractured at the TRIP base metal, and the strengths were somewhat higher than those of base metal. There was a significant reduction in formability caused by welding of the DP600/TRIP700 steel sheets, and the formability increased with increasing welding speed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HaselgruberMautnerThiele2010,
  author    = {Haselgruber, Nikolaus and Mautner, Karin and Thiele, Jan},
  title     = {Usage Space Analysis for Reliability Testing},
  series = {Quality and Reliability Engineering International},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Quality and Reliability Engineering International},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1099-1638},
  doi       = {10.1002/qre.1155},
  pages     = {877 -- 885},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {During the development process of a complex technical product, one widely used and important technique is accelerated testing where the applied stress on a component is chosen to exceed the reference stress, i.e. the stress encountered in field operation, in order to reduce the time to failure. For that, the reference stress has to be known. Since a complex technical product may fail regarding numerous failure modes, stress in general is highly dimensional rather than scalar. In addition, customers use their products individually, i.e. field operation should be described by a distribution rather than by one scalar stress value. In this paper, a way to span the customer usage space is shown. It allows the identification of worst case reference stress profiles in significantly reduced dimensions with minimal loss of information. The application example shows that even for a complex product like a combustion engine, stress information can be compressed significantly. With low measurement effort it turned out that only three reference stress cycles were sufficient to cover a broad range of customer stress variety.},
  language  = {en}
}