@inproceedings{SchulzeBuxlohGross2021,
  author    = {Schulze-Buxloh, Lina and Groß, Rolf Fritz},
  title     = {Miniature urban farming plant: a complex educational "Toy" for engineering students},
  series = {The Future of Education 11th Edition 2021},
  booktitle = {The Future of Education 11th Edition 2021},
  pages     = {4 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Urban farming is an innovative and sustainable way of food production and is becoming more and more important in smart city and quarter concepts. It also enables the production of certain foods in places where they usually dare not produced, such as production of fish or shrimps in large cities far away from the coast. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to show students such concepts and systems in real life as part of courses: visits of such industry plants are sometimes not possible because of distance or are permitted by the operator for hygienic reasons. In order to give the students the opportunity of getting into contact with such an urban farming system and its complex operation, an industrial urban farming plant was set up on a significantly smaller scale. Therefore, all needed technical components like water aeriation, biological and mechanical filtration or water circulation have been replaced either by aquarium components or by self-designed parts also using a 3D-printer. Students from different courses like mechanical engineering, smart building engineering, biology, electrical engineering, automation technology and civil engineering were involved in this project. This "miniature industrial plant" was also able to start operation and has now been running for two years successfully. Due to Corona pandemic, home office and remote online lectures, the automation of this miniature plant should be brought to a higher level in future for providing a good control over the system and water quality remotely. The aim of giving the student a chance to get to know the operation of an urban farming plant was very well achieved and the students had lots of fun in "playing" and learning with it in a realistic way.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchulzeBuxlohGrossUlbrich2021,
  author    = {Schulze-Buxloh, Lina and Groß, Rolf Fritz and Ulbrich, Michelle},
  title     = {Digital planning using building information modelling and virtual reality: new approach for students' remote practical training under lockdown conditions in the course of smart building engineering},
  series = {Proceedings of International Conference on Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology 2021},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of International Conference on Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology 2021},
  publisher = {ISTES Organization},
  address   = {San Antonio, TX},
  isbn      = {978-1-952092-17-6},
  pages     = {118 -- 123},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The worldwide Corona pandemic has severely restricted student projects in the higher semesters of engineering courses. In order not to delay the graduation, a new concept had to be developed for projects under lockdown conditions. Therefore, unused rooms at the university should be digitally recorded in order to develop a new usage concept as laboratory rooms. An inventory of the actual state of the rooms was done first by taking photos and listing up all flaws and peculiarities. After that, a digital site measuring was done with a 360° laser scanner and these recorded scans were linked to a coherent point cloud and transferred to a software for planning technical building services and supporting Building Information Modelling (BIM). In order to better illustrate the difference between the actual and target state, two virtual reality models were created for realistic demonstration. During the project, the students had to go through the entire digital planning phases. Technical specifications had to be complied with, as well as documentation, time planning and cost estimate. This project turned out to be an excellent alternative to on-site practical training under lockdown conditions and increased the students' motivation to deal with complex technical questions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MohanGrossMenzeletal.2021,
  author    = {Mohan, Nijanthan and Groß, Rolf Fritz and Menzel, Karsten and Theis, Fabian},
  title     = {Opportunities and Challenges in the Implementation of Building Information Modeling for Prefabrication of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems in Small and Medium-Sized Contracting Companies in Germany - A Case Study},
  series = {WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol. 205},
  booktitle = {WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol. 205},
  publisher = {WIT Press},
  address   = {Southampton},
  issn      = {1743-3509},
  doi       = {10.2495/BIM210101},
  pages     = {117 -- 126},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Even though BIM (Building Information Modelling) is successfully implemented in most of the world, it is still in the early stages in Germany, since the stakeholders are sceptical of its reliability and efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the opportunities and obstacles to implementing BIM for prefabrication. Among all other advantages of BIM, prefabrication is chosen for this paper because it plays a vital role in creating an impact on the time and cost factors of a construction project. The project stakeholders and participants can explicitly observe the positive impact of prefabrication, which enables the breakthrough of the scepticism factor among the small-scale construction companies. The analysis consists of the development of a process workflow for implementing prefabrication in building construction followed by a practical approach, which was executed with two case studies. It was planned in such a way that, the first case study gives a first-hand experience for the workers at the site on the BIM model so that they can make much use of the created BIM model, which is a better representation compared to the traditional 2D plan. The main aim of the first case study is to create a belief in the implementation of BIM Models, which was succeeded by the execution of offshore prefabrication in the second case study. Based on the case studies, the time analysis was made and it is inferred that the implementation of BIM for prefabrication can reduce construction time, ensures minimal wastes, better accuracy, less problem-solving at the construction site. It was observed that this process requires more planning time, better communication between different disciplines, which was the major obstacle for successful implementation. This paper was carried out from the perspective of small and medium-sized mechanical contracting companies for the private building sector in Germany.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{DuranParedesMottaghyHerrmannetal.2020,
  author    = {Duran Paredes, Ludwin and Mottaghy, Darius and Herrmann, Ulf and Groß, Rolf Fritz},
  title     = {Online ground temperature and soil moisture monitoring of a shallow geothermal system with non-conventional components},
  series = {EGU General Assembly 2020},
  booktitle = {EGU General Assembly 2020},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {We present first results from a newly developed monitoring station for a closed loop geothermal heat pump test installation at our campus, consisting of helix coils and plate heat exchangers, as well as an ice-store system. There are more than 40 temperature sensors and several soil moisture content sensors distributed around the system, allowing a detailed monitoring under different operating conditions.In the view of the modern development of renewable energies along with the newly concepts known as Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 (high-tech strategy from the German government), we created a user-friendly web application, which will connect the things (sensors) with the open network (www). Besides other advantages, this allows a continuous remote monitoring of the data from the numerous sensors at an arbitrary sampling rate.Based on the recorded data, we will also present first results from numerical simulations, taking into account all relevant heat transport processes.The aim is to improve the understanding of these processes and their influence on the thermal behavior of shallow geothermal systems in the unsaturated zone. This will in turn facilitate the prediction of the performance of these systems and therefore yield an improvement in their dimensioning when designing a specific shallow geothermal installation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SattlerAttiAlexopoulosetal.2022,
  author    = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Atti, Vikrama and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf and Dutta, Siddharth and Kioutsioukis, Ioannis},
  title     = {DNI forecast tool for the smart operation of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage: Theory, results and outlook},
  series = {SolarPACES 2022 conference proceedings},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2022 conference proceedings},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {TIB Open Publishing},
  address   = {Hannover},
  issn      = {2751-9899 (online)},
  doi       = {10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.731},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This work presents a basic forecast tool for predicting direct normal irradiance (DNI) in hourly resolution, which the Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich (SIJ) is developing within a research project. The DNI forecast data shall be used for a parabolic trough collector (PTC) system with a concrete thermal energy storage (C-TES) located at the company KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd in Limassol, Cyprus. On a daily basis, 24-hour DNI prediction data in hourly resolution shall be automatically produced using free or very low-cost weather forecast data as input. The purpose of the DNI forecast tool is to automatically transfer the DNI forecast data on a daily basis to a main control unit (MCU). The MCU automatically makes a smart decision on the operation mode of the PTC system such as steam production mode and/or C-TES charging mode. The DNI forecast tool was evaluated using historical data of measured DNI from an on-site weather station, which was compared to the DNI forecast data. The DNI forecast tool was tested using data from 56 days between January and March 2022, which included days with a strong variation in DNI due to cloud passages. For the evaluation of the DNI forecast reliability, three categories were created and the forecast data was sorted accordingly. The result was that the DNI forecast tool has a reliability of 71.4 \% based on the tested days. The result fulfils SIJ's aim to achieve a reliability of around 70 \%, but SIJ aims to still improve the DNI forecast quality.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{HoffschmidtAlexopoulosRauetal.2022,
  author    = {Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Rau, Christoph and Sattler, Johannes, Christoph and Anthrakidis, Anette and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and O'Connor, B. and Chico Caminos, R.A. and Rend{\´o}n, C. and Hilger, P.},
  title     = {Concentrating solar power},
  series = {Comprehensive Renewable Energy (Second Edition) / Volume 3: Solar Thermal Systems: Components and Applications},
  booktitle = {Comprehensive Renewable Energy (Second Edition) / Volume 3: Solar Thermal Systems: Components and Applications},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {978-0-12-819734-9},
  pages     = {670 -- 724},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The focus of this chapter is the production of power and the use of the heat produced from concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) systems. The chapter starts with the general theoretical principles of concentrating systems including the description of the concentration ratio, the energy and mass balance. The power conversion systems is the main part where solar-only operation and the increase in operational hours. Solar-only operation include the use of steam turbines, gas turbines, organic Rankine cycles and solar dishes. The operational hours can be increased with hybridization and with storage. Another important topic is the cogeneration where solar cooling, desalination and of heat usage is described. Many examples of commercial CSP power plants as well as research facilities from the past as well as current installed and in operation are described in detail. The chapter closes with economic and environmental aspects and with the future potential of the development of CSP around the world.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{HoffschmidtAlexopoulosRauetal.2021,
  author    = {Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Rau, Christoph and Sattler, Johannes, Christoph and Anthrakidis, Anette and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and O'Connor, B. and Caminos, R.A. Chico and Rend{\´o}n, C. and Hilger, P.},
  title     = {Concentrating Solar Power},
  series = {Earth systems and environmental sciences},
  booktitle = {Earth systems and environmental sciences},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {978-0-12-409548-9},
  doi       = {10.1016/B978-0-12-819727-1.00089-3},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The focus of this chapter is the production of power and the use of the heat produced from concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) systems. The chapter starts with the general theoretical principles of concentrating systems including the description of the concentration ratio, the energy and mass balance. The power conversion systems is the main part where solar-only operation and the increase in operational hours. Solar-only operation include the use of steam turbines, gas turbines, organic Rankine cycles and solar dishes. The operational hours can be increased with hybridization and with storage. Another important topic is the cogeneration where solar cooling, desalination and of heat usage is described. Many examples of commercial CSP power plants as well as research facilities from the past as well as current installed and in operation are described in detail. The chapter closes with economic and environmental aspects and with the future potential of the development of CSP around the world.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SattlerChicoCaminosAttietal.2020,
  author    = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Chico Caminos, Ricardo Alexander and Atti, Vikrama Nagababu and {\"U}rlings, Nicolas and Dutta, Siddharth and Ruiz, Victor and Kalogirou, Soteris and Ktistis, Panayiotis and Agathokleous, Rafaela and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Dynamic simulation tool for a performance evaluation and sensitivity study of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings 2303},
  booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings 2303},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  issn      = {0094-243X},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0029277},
  pages     = {160004},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{AtmaneHirechKassmietal.2020,
  author    = {Atmane, Ilias and Hirech, Kamal and Kassmi, K. and Mahdi, Zahra and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Schwarzer, Klemens and Chayeb, H. and Bachiri, N.},
  title     = {Design and realization of a pilot solar desalination plant in Douar El Hamri in the province of Berkane (Morocco)},
  series = {Sustainable entrepreneurship, renewable energy-based projects, and digitalization},
  booktitle = {Sustainable entrepreneurship, renewable energy-based projects, and digitalization},
  editor    = {Omrane, Amina and Kassmi, Khalil and Akram, Muhammad Wasim and Khanna, Ashish and Mostafiz, Imtiaz},
  publisher = {CRC Press},
  address   = {Boca Raton, Fa.},
  isbn      = {9781000292541 (E-Book)},
  pages     = {18 Seiten},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Producing fresh water from saline water has become one of the most difficult challenges to overcome especially with the high demand and shortage of fresh water. In this context, as part of a collaboration with Germany, the authors propose a design and implementation of a pilot multi-stage solar desalination system (MSD), remotely controlled, at Douar Al Hamri in the rural town of Boughriba in the province of Berkane, Morocco. More specifically, they present their contribution on the remote control and supervision system, which makes the functioning of the MSD system reliable and guarantees the production of drinking water for the population of Douar. The results obtained show that the electronic cards and computer communication software implemented allow the acquisition of all electrical (currents, voltages, powers, yields), thermal (temperatures of each stage), and meteorological (irradiance and ambient temperature), remote control and maintenance (switching on, off, data transfer). By comparing with the literature carried out in the field of solar energy, the authors conclude that the MSD and electronic desalination systems realized during this work represent a contribution in terms of the reliability and durability of providing drinking water in rural and urban areas.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ElMoussaouiKassmiAlexopoulosetal.2021,
  author    = {El Moussaoui, Noureddine and Kassmi, Khalil and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Schwarzer, Klemens and Chayeb, Hamid and Bachiri, Najib},
  title     = {Simulation studies on a new innovative design of a hybrid solar distiller MSDH alimented with a thermal and photovoltaic energy},
  series = {Materialstoday: Proceedings},
  volume    = {45},
  booktitle = {Materialstoday: Proceedings},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2214-7853},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.115},
  pages     = {7653 -- 7660},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this paper, we present the structure, the simulation the operation of a multi-stage, hybrid solar desalination system (MSDH), powered by thermal and photovoltaic (PV) (MSDH) energy. The MSDH system consists of a lower basin, eight horizontal stages, a field of four flat thermal collectors with a total area of 8.4 m2, 3 Kw PV panels and solar batteries. During the day the system is heated by thermal energy, and at night by heating resistors, powered by solar batteries. These batteries are charged by the photovoltaic panels during the day. More specifically, during the day and at night, we analyse the temperature of the stages and the production of distilled water according to the solar irradiation intensity and the electric heating power, supplied by the solar batteries. The simulations were carried out in the meteorological conditions of the winter month (February 2020), presenting intensities of irradiance and ambient temperature reaching 824 W/m2 and 23 °C respectively. The results obtained show that during the day the system is heated by the thermal collectors, the temperature of the stages and the quantity of water produced reach 80 °C and 30 Kg respectively. At night, from 6p.m. the system is heated by the electric energy stored in the batteries, the temperature of the stages and the quantity of water produced reach respectively 90 °C and 104 Kg for an electric heating power of 2 Kw. Moreover, when the electric power varies from 1 Kw to 3 Kw the quantity of water produced varies from 92 Kg to 134 Kg. The analysis of these results and their comparison with conventional solar thermal desalination systems shows a clear improvement both in the heating of the stages, by 10\%, and in the quantity of water produced by a factor of 3.},
  language  = {en}
}