@article{EngelmannSimsekShalabyetal.2024,
  author    = {Engelmann, Ulrich M. and Simsek, Beril and Shalaby, Ahmed and Krause, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Key contributors to signal generation in frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD): an in silico study},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s24061945},
  pages     = {Artikel 1945},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) is a sensitive and selective technique to detect magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) serving as probes for binding biological targets. Its principle relies on the nonlinear magnetic relaxation dynamics of a particle ensemble interacting with a dual frequency external magnetic field. In order to increase its sensitivity, lower its limit of detection and overall improve its applicability in biosensing, matching combinations of external field parameters and internal particle properties are being sought to advance FMMD. In this study, we systematically probe the aforementioned interaction with coupled N{\´e}el-Brownian dynamic relaxation simulations to examine how key MNP properties as well as applied field parameters affect the frequency mixing signal generation. It is found that the core size of MNPs dominates their nonlinear magnetic response, with the strongest contributions from the largest particles. The drive field amplitude dominates the shape of the field-dependent response, whereas effective anisotropy and hydrodynamic size of the particles only weakly influence the signal generation in FMMD. For tailoring the MNP properties and parameters of the setup towards optimal FMMD signal generation, our findings suggest choosing large particles of core sizes dc > 25 nm nm with narrow size distributions (σ < 0.1) to minimize the required drive field amplitude. This allows potential improvements of FMMD as a stand-alone application, as well as advances in magnetic particle imaging, hyperthermia and magnetic immunoassays.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AridaAlHaddadSchoening2011,
  author    = {Arida, Hassan A. and Al-Haddad, Ameera and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {New Solid-State Organic Membrane Based Lead-Selective Micro-Electrode},
  series = {International Journal of Electrochemical Science. 6 (2011), H. 9},
  journal   = {International Journal of Electrochemical Science. 6 (2011), H. 9},
  isbn      = {1452-3981},
  pages     = {3858 -- 3867},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThustSchoeningMuchandanietal.2003,
  author    = {Thust, M. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Muchandani, A. and Wang, J. and Arzdorf, Michael and Mulchandani, P. and Chen, W.},
  title     = {Feldeffekt-Enzymsensor zur Detektion von Pestiziden},
  series = {Sensoren f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Hochtechnologien und Neuentwicklungen f{\"u}r die Verfahrenstechnik / 6. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium, 8. - 10. Dezember 2003, Dresden. J{\"o}rg Peter Baselt; Gerald Gerlach (Hg.)},
  journal   = {Sensoren f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Hochtechnologien und Neuentwicklungen f{\"u}r die Verfahrenstechnik / 6. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium, 8. - 10. Dezember 2003, Dresden. J{\"o}rg Peter Baselt; Gerald Gerlach (Hg.)},
  publisher = {w.e.b.-Univ.-Verl.},
  address   = {Dresden},
  isbn      = {3-935712-92-8},
  pages     = {125 -- 128},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchoeningArzdorfMulchandanietal.2003,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Arzdorf, Michael and Mulchandani, P. and Chen, W. and Mulchandani, A.},
  title     = {Towards a capacitive enzyme sensor for direct determination of organophosphorus pesticides: Fundamentals studies and aspects of development},
  series = {Sensors. 3 (2003), H. 6},
  journal   = {Sensors. 3 (2003), H. 6},
  isbn      = {1424-8220},
  pages     = {119 -- 127},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningArzdorfMulchandanietal.2003,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Arzdorf, Michael and Mulchandani, P. and Chen, W. and Mulchandani, A.},
  title     = {A capacitive field-effect sensor for the direct determination of organophosphorus pesticides},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B. 91 (2003), H. 1-3},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B. 91 (2003), H. 1-3},
  isbn      = {0925-4005},
  pages     = {92 -- 97},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}