@article{RuppSchulzeKuperjans2018,
  author    = {Rupp, Matthias and Schulze, Sven and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Comparative life cycle analysis of conventional and hybrid heavy-duty trucks},
  series = {World electric vehicle journal},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {World electric vehicle journal},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2032-6653},
  doi       = {10.3390/wevj9020033},
  pages     = {Article No. 33},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Heavy-duty trucks are one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions in German traffic. Drivetrain electrification is an option to reduce tailpipe emissions by increasing energy conversion efficiency. To evaluate the vehicle's environmental impacts, it is necessary to consider the entire life cycle. In addition to the daily use, it is also necessary to include the impact of production and disposal. This study presents the comparative life cycle analysis of a parallel hybrid and a conventional heavy-duty truck in long-haul operation. Assuming a uniform vehicle glider, only the differing parts of both drivetrains are taken into account to calculate the environmental burdens of the production. The use phase is modeled by a backward simulation in MATLAB/Simulink considering a characteristic driving cycle. A break-even analysis is conducted to show at what mileage the larger CO2eq emissions due to the production of the electric drivetrain are compensated. The effect of parameter variation on the break-even mileage is investigated by a sensitivity analysis. The results of this analysis show the difference in CO2eq/t km is negative, indicating that the hybrid vehicle releases 4.34 g CO2eq/t km over a lifetime fewer emissions compared to the diesel truck. The break-even analysis also emphasizes the advantages of the electrified drivetrain, compensating the larger emissions generated during production after already a distance of 15,800 km (approx. 1.5 months of operation time). The intersection coordinates, distance, and CO2eq, strongly depend on fuel, emissions for battery production and the driving profile, which lead to nearly all parameter variations showing an increase in break-even distance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfaffBabilon2023,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Babilon, Katharina},
  title     = {Railway Challenge - moderne Auflage der Rainhill Trials?},
  series = {Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau : ETR ; Impulsgeber f{\"u}r das System Bahn},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau : ETR ; Impulsgeber f{\"u}r das System Bahn},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {DVV Media Group},
  address   = {Hamburg},
  issn      = {0013-2845},
  pages     = {55 -- 58},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Die IMechE Railway Challenge wird j{\"a}hrlich in Stapleford, Großbritannien ausgetragen. Im Rahmen der Challenge entwickeln und bauen Studierende eine Lokomotive und vergleichen sich in verschiedenen Disziplinen, darunter eine automatisierte Zielbremsung, optimale Energier{\"u}ckgewinnung beim Bremsen und minimale Ger{\"a}uschemissionen. Neben diesen und weiteren technischen Wettbewerbsdisziplinen treten die Fahrzeuge und die Teams auch in nicht-technischen Disziplinen wie einer Business Case Challenge an.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WeiheErnstRoethetal.2013,
  author    = {Weihe, Stefan and Ernst, Ansgar and R{\"o}th, Thilo and Proksch, Johannes},
  title     = {Leichtmetall-Stahl-Verbundguss im Nutzfahrzeugbau},
  series = {Lightweight Design},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Lightweight Design},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2192-8738 (Online)},
  pages     = {38 -- 43},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In modernen Fahrzeugkarosserien der Großserie kommen zunehmend Materialmischbauweisen zur Anwendung. In Zusammenarbeit der Daimler AG, der Tower Automotive Holding GmbH, der Imperia GmbH sowie der Partnerunternehmen KSM Castings GmbH und Schaufler Tooling GmbH \& Co. KG wird das Leichtbaupotenzial von Stahlblech-AluminiumverbundgussHybriden am Beispiel des vorderen Dachquertr{\"a}gers des Mercedes-Benz Viano/Vito ausf{\"u}hrlich untersucht.},
  language  = {de}
}