@incollection{BensbergAuthCzarnecki2021, author = {Bensberg, Frank and Auth, Gunnar and Czarnecki, Christian}, title = {Finding the perfect RPA match : a criteria-based selection method for RPA solutions}, series = {Robotic process automation : Management, technology, applications}, booktitle = {Robotic process automation : Management, technology, applications}, editor = {Czarnecki, Christian and Fettke, Peter}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Oldenbourg}, isbn = {978-3-11-067677-8}, doi = {10.1515/9783110676693-201}, pages = {47 -- 75}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The benefits of robotic process automation (RPA) are highly related to the usage of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software products that can be easily implemented and customized by business units. But, how to find the best fitting RPA product for a specific situation that creates the expected benefits? This question is related to the general area of software evaluation and selection. In the face of more than 75 RPA products currently on the market, guidance considering those specifics is required. Therefore, this chapter proposes a criteria-based selection method specifically for RPA. The method includes a quantitative evaluation of costs and benefits as well as a qualitative utility analysis based on functional criteria. By using the visualization of financial implications (VOFI) method, an application-oriented structure is provided that opposes the total cost of ownership to the time savings times salary (TSTS). For the utility analysis a detailed list of functional criteria for RPA is offered. The whole method is based on a multi-vocal review of scientific and non-scholarly literature including publications by business practitioners, consultants, and vendors. The application of the method is illustrated by a concrete RPA example. The illustrated structures, templates, and criteria can be directly utilized by practitioners in their real-life RPA implementations. In addition, a normative decision process for selecting RPA alternatives is proposed before the chapter closes with a discussion and outlook.}, language = {en} } @incollection{CroonCzarnecki2021, author = {Croon, Philipp and Czarnecki, Christian}, title = {Liability for loss or damages caused by RPA}, series = {Robotic process automation : Management, technology, applications}, booktitle = {Robotic process automation : Management, technology, applications}, editor = {Czarnecki, Christian and Fettke, Peter}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Oldenbourg}, isbn = {9783110676778}, doi = {10.1515/9783110676693-202}, pages = {135 -- 151}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Intelligent autonomous software robots replacing human activities and performing administrative processes are reality in today's corporate world. This includes, for example, decisions about invoice payments, identification of customers for a marketing campaign, and answering customer complaints. What happens if such a software robot causes a damage? Due to the complete absence of human activities, the question is not trivial. It could even happen that no one is liable for a damage towards a third party, which could create an uncalculatable legal risk for business partners. Furthermore, the implementation and operation of those software robots involves various stakeholders, which result in the unsolvable endeavor of identifying the originator of a damage. Overall it is advisable to all involved parties to carefully consider the legal situation. This chapter discusses the liability of software robots from an interdisciplinary perspective. Based on different technical scenarios the legal aspects of liability are discussed.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchneiderWisselinkNoelleetal.2021, author = {Schneider, Dominik and Wisselink, Frank and N{\"o}lle, Nikolai and Czarnecki, Christian}, title = {Einfluss von K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz auf Customer Journeys am Beispiel von intelligentem Parken}, series = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in der Anwendung : Rechtliche Aspekte, Anwendungspotenziale und Einsatzszenarien}, booktitle = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in der Anwendung : Rechtliche Aspekte, Anwendungspotenziale und Einsatzszenarien}, editor = {Barton, Thomas and M{\"u}ller, Christian}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-30935-0 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-30936-7_7}, pages = {99 -- 122}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Im Konsumentenmarkt entstehen vermehrt neue Anwendungen von K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz (KI). Zunehmend dr{\"a}ngen auch Ger{\"a}te und Dienste in den Markt, die eigenst{\"a}ndig {\"u}ber das Internet kommunizieren. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen diese Ger{\"a}te und Dienste mit neuartigen KI-basierten Diensten verbessert werden. Solche Dienste k{\"o}nnen die Art und Weise beeinflussen, wie Kunden kommerzielle Entscheidungen treffen und somit das Kundenerlebnis maßgeblich ver{\"a}ndern. Der Einfluss von KI auf kommerzielle Interaktionen wurde bisher noch nicht umfassend untersucht. Basierend auf einem Framework, welches einen ersten {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Effekte von KI auf kommerzielle Interaktionen gibt, wird in diesem Kapitel der Einfluss von KI auf Customer Journeys am konkreten Anwendungsfall des intelligenten Parkens analysiert. Die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse k{\"o}nnen in der Praxis als Grundlage genutzt werden, um das Potenzial von KI zu verstehen und bei der Gestaltung eigener Customer Journeys umzusetzen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FiedlerGottschlichMuellerMelcher2021, author = {Fiedler, Gerda and Gottschlich-M{\"u}ller, Birgit and Melcher, Karin}, title = {Online-Pr{\"u}fungen mit STACK Aufgaben}, series = {Tagungsband ASIM Workshop STS/GMMS/EDU 2021}, booktitle = {Tagungsband ASIM Workshop STS/GMMS/EDU 2021}, editor = {Liu-Henke, Xiaobo and Durak, Umut}, publisher = {ARGESIM Verlag}, address = {Wien}, isbn = {978-3-901608-69-8}, doi = {10.11128/arep.45}, pages = {173 -- 178}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Wir stellen hier exemplarisch STACK Aufgaben vor, die frei von der Problematik sind, welche sich durch diverse Kommunikationswege und (webbasierte) Computer Algebra Systeme (CAS) ergibt. Daher sind sie insbesondere f{\"u}r eine Open-Book Online Pr{\"u}fung geeignet, da eine faire Pr{\"u}fungssituation gew{\"a}hrleistet werden kann.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KronigerHorikawaFunkeetal.2021, author = {Kroniger, Daniel and Horikawa, Atsushi and Funke, Harald and Pf{\"a}ffle, Franziska}, title = {Numerical investigation of micromix hydrogen flames at different combustor pressure levels}, series = {The Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE)}, booktitle = {The Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE)}, doi = {10.1299/jsmeicope.2021.15.2021-0237}, pages = {4 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This study investigates the influence of pressure on the temperature distribution of the micromix (MMX) hydrogen flame and the NOx emissions. A steady computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis is performed by simulating a reactive flow with a detailed chemical reaction model. The numerical analysis is validated based on experimental investigations. A quantitative correlation is parametrized based on the numerical results. We find, that the flame initiation point shifts with increasing pressure from anchoring behind a downstream located bluff body towards anchoring upstream at the hydrogen jet. The numerical NOx emissions trend regarding to a variation of pressure is in good agreement with the experimental results. The pressure has an impact on both, the residence time within the maximum temperature region and on the peak temperature itself. In conclusion, the numerical model proved to be adequate for future prototype design exploration studies targeting on improving the operating range.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HorikawaOkadaYamaguchietal.2021, author = {Horikawa, Atsushi and Okada, Kunio and Yamaguchi, Masato and Aoki, Shigeki and Wirsum, Manfred and Funke, Harald and Kusterer, Karsten}, title = {Combustor development and engine demonstration of micro-mix hydrogen combustion applied to M1A-17 gas turbine}, series = {Conference Proceedings Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea and Air, Volume 3B: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions}, booktitle = {Conference Proceedings Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea and Air, Volume 3B: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions}, doi = {10.1115/GT2021-59666}, pages = {13 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Kawasaki Heavy Industries, LTD. (KHI) has research and development projects for a future hydrogen society. These projects comprise the complete hydrogen cycle, including the production of hydrogen gas, the refinement and liquefaction for transportation and storage, and finally the utilization in a gas turbine for electricity and heat supply. Within the development of the hydrogen gas turbine, the key technology is stable and low NOx hydrogen combustion, namely the Dry Low NOx (DLN) hydrogen combustion. KHI, Aachen University of Applied Science, and B\&B-AGEMA have investigated the possibility of low NOx micro-mix hydrogen combustion and its application to an industrial gas turbine combustor. From 2014 to 2018, KHI developed a DLN hydrogen combustor for a 2MW class industrial gas turbine with the micro-mix technology. Thereby, the ignition performance, the flame stability for equivalent rotational speed, and higher load conditions were investigated. NOx emission values were kept about half of the Air Pollution Control Law in Japan: 84ppm (O2-15\%). Hereby, the elementary combustor development was completed. From May 2020, KHI started the engine demonstration operation by using an M1A-17 gas turbine with a co-generation system located in the hydrogen-fueled power generation plant in Kobe City, Japan. During the first engine demonstration tests, adjustments of engine starting and load control with fuel staging were investigated. On 21st May, the electrical power output reached 1,635 kW, which corresponds to 100\% load (ambient temperature 20 °C), and thereby NOx emissions of 65 ppm (O2-15, 60 RH\%) were verified. Here, for the first time, a DLN hydrogen-fueled gas turbine successfully generated power and heat.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KronigerHorikawaFunkeetal.2021, author = {Kroniger, Daniel and Horikawa, Atsushi and Funke, Harald and Pf{\"a}ffle, Franziska and Kishimoto, Tsuyoshi and Okada, Koichi}, title = {Experimental and numerical investigation on the effect of pressure on micromix hydrogen combustion}, series = {Conference Proceedings Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea and Air, Volume 3A: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions}, booktitle = {Conference Proceedings Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea and Air, Volume 3A: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions}, publisher = {ASME}, address = {New York, NY}, doi = {10.1115/GT2021-58926}, pages = {11 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The micromix (MMX) combustion concept is a DLN gas turbine combustion technology designed for high hydrogen content fuels. Multiple non-premixed miniaturized flames based on jet in cross-flow (JICF) are inherently safe against flashback and ensure a stable operation in various operative conditions. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of pressure on the micromix flame with focus on the flame initiation point and the NOx emissions. A numerical model based on a steady RANS approach and the Complex Chemistry model with relevant reactions of the GRI 3.0 mechanism is used to predict the reactive flow and NOx emissions at various pressure conditions. Regarding the turbulence-chemical interaction, the Laminar Flame Concept (LFC) and the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) are compared. The numerical results are validated against experimental results that have been acquired at a high pressure test facility for industrial can-type gas turbine combustors with regard to flame initiation and NOx emissions. The numerical approach is adequate to predict the flame initiation point and NOx emission trends. Interestingly, the flame shifts its initiation point during the pressure increase in upstream direction, whereby the flame attachment shifts from anchoring behind a downstream located bluff body towards anchoring directly at the hydrogen jet. The LFC predicts this change and the NOx emissions more accurately than the EDC. The resulting NOx correlation regarding the pressure is similar to a non-premixed type combustion configuration.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuellerSchmittLeiseetal.2021, author = {M{\"u}ller, Tim M. and Schmitt, Andreas and Leise, Philipp and Meck, Tobias and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F. and Pfetsch, Marc E.}, title = {Validation of an optimized resilient water supply system}, series = {Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering}, booktitle = {Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-77255-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_7}, pages = {70 -- 80}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Component failures within water supply systems can lead to significant performance losses. One way to address these losses is the explicit anticipation of failures within the design process. We consider a water supply system for high-rise buildings, where pump failures are the most likely failure scenarios. We explicitly consider these failures within an early design stage which leads to a more resilient system, i.e., a system which is able to operate under a predefined number of arbitrary pump failures. We use a mathematical optimization approach to compute such a resilient design. This is based on a multi-stage model for topology optimization, which can be described by a system of nonlinear inequalities and integrality constraints. Such a model has to be both computationally tractable and to represent the real-world system accurately. We therefore validate the algorithmic solutions using experiments on a scaled test rig for high-rise buildings. The test rig allows for an arbitrary connection of pumps to reproduce scaled versions of booster station designs for high-rise buildings. We experimentally verify the applicability of the presented optimization model and that the proposed resilience properties are also fulfilled in real systems.}, language = {en} } @article{Olbertz2021, author = {Olbertz, Klaus}, title = {Die Dienstreisezeit als Arbeitszeit - oder doch nicht? : Zur arbeitgeberfreundlichen Bewertung von Dienstreisezeiten durch das Bundesarbeitsgericht}, series = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht}, journal = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht}, number = {1}, issn = {0028-3460}, pages = {38 -- 44}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Der arbeitsrechtlich richtige Umgang mit Zeiten einer Dienstreise kann in der betrieblichen Praxis Probleme bereiten. Ob die Reisezeiten als solche Arbeitszeit i. S. des Arbeitszeitgesetzes (ArbZG ) darstellen, also bspw. auf die t{\"a}gliche H{\"o}chstarbeitszeit angerechnet werden m{\"u}ssen oder nicht, ist oftmals genauso unklar wie die Frage, ob und inwieweit Reisezeiten verg{\"u}tungspflichtig sind. Aber auch, ob ein Arbeitnehmer {\"u}berhaupt zur Durchf{\"u}hrung einer Dienstreise verpflichtet werden kann, ist ein m{\"o}glicher Anlass von Streitigkeiten zwischen den Arbeitsvertragsparteien, wie verschiedene Gerichtsentscheidungen zeigen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beantwortet die aufgeworfenen Fragen und gibt hierzu einen praxisorientierten {\"U}berblick.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MandekarJentschLutzetal.2021, author = {Mandekar, Swati and Jentsch, Lina and Lutz, Kai and Behbahani, Mehdi and Melnykowycz, Mark}, title = {Earable design analysis for sleep EEG measurements}, series = {UbiComp '21}, booktitle = {UbiComp '21}, doi = {10.1145/3460418.3479328}, pages = {171 -- 175}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Conventional EEG devices cannot be used in everyday life and hence, past decade research has been focused on Ear-EEG for mobile, at-home monitoring for various applications ranging from emotion detection to sleep monitoring. As the area available for electrode contact in the ear is limited, the electrode size and location play a vital role for an Ear-EEG system. In this investigation, we present a quantitative study of ear-electrodes with two electrode sizes at different locations in a wet and dry configuration. Electrode impedance scales inversely with size and ranges from 450 kΩ to 1.29 MΩ for dry and from 22 kΩ to 42 kΩ for wet contact at 10 Hz. For any size, the location in the ear canal with the lowest impedance is ELE (Left Ear Superior), presumably due to increased contact pressure caused by the outer-ear anatomy. The results can be used to optimize signal pickup and SNR for specific applications. We demonstrate this by recording sleep spindles during sleep onset with high quality (5.27 μVrms).}, language = {en} }