@inproceedings{KohlFreyerKraemeretal.2023, author = {Kohl, Philipp and Freyer, Nils and Kr{\"a}mer, Yoka and Werth, Henri and Wolf, Steffen and Kraft, Bodo and Meinecke, Matthias and Z{\"u}ndorf, Albert}, title = {ALE: a simulation-based active learning evaluation framework for the parameter-driven comparison of query strategies for NLP}, series = {Deep Learning Theory and Applications. DeLTA 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science}, booktitle = {Deep Learning Theory and Applications. DeLTA 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science}, editor = {Conte, Donatello and Fred, Ana and Gusikhin, Oleg and Sansone, Carlo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-39058-6 (Print)}, doi = {978-3-031-39059-3}, pages = {235 -- 253}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Supervised machine learning and deep learning require a large amount of labeled data, which data scientists obtain in a manual, and time-consuming annotation process. To mitigate this challenge, Active Learning (AL) proposes promising data points to annotators they annotate next instead of a subsequent or random sample. This method is supposed to save annotation effort while maintaining model performance. However, practitioners face many AL strategies for different tasks and need an empirical basis to choose between them. Surveys categorize AL strategies into taxonomies without performance indications. Presentations of novel AL strategies compare the performance to a small subset of strategies. Our contribution addresses the empirical basis by introducing a reproducible active learning evaluation (ALE) framework for the comparative evaluation of AL strategies in NLP. The framework allows the implementation of AL strategies with low effort and a fair data-driven comparison through defining and tracking experiment parameters (e.g., initial dataset size, number of data points per query step, and the budget). ALE helps practitioners to make more informed decisions, and researchers can focus on developing new, effective AL strategies and deriving best practices for specific use cases. With best practices, practitioners can lower their annotation costs. We present a case study to illustrate how to use the framework.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NikolovskiLimpertNessauetal.2023, author = {Nikolovski, Gjorgji and Limpert, Nicolas and Nessau, Hendrik and Reke, Michael and Ferrein, Alexander}, title = {Model-predictive control with parallelised optimisation for the navigation of autonomous mining vehicles}, series = {2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3503-4691-6 (Online)}, doi = {10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186806}, pages = {6 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The work in modern open-pit and underground mines requires the transportation of large amounts of resources between fixed points. The navigation to these fixed points is a repetitive task that can be automated. The challenge in automating the navigation of vehicles commonly used in mines is the systemic properties of such vehicles. Many mining vehicles, such as the one we have used in the research for this paper, use steering systems with an articulated joint bending the vehicle's drive axis to change its course and a hydraulic drive system to actuate axial drive components or the movements of tippers if available. To address the difficulties of controlling such a vehicle, we present a model-predictive approach for controlling the vehicle. While the control optimisation based on a parallel error minimisation of the predicted state has already been established in the past, we provide insight into the design and implementation of an MPC for an articulated mining vehicle and show the results of real-world experiments in an open-pit mine environment.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FreyerThewesMeinecke2023, author = {Freyer, Nils and Thewes, Dustin and Meinecke, Matthias}, title = {GUIDO: a hybrid approach to guideline discovery \& ordering from natural language texts}, series = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications DATA - Volume 1}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications DATA - Volume 1}, editor = {Gusikhin, Oleg and Hammoudi, Slimane and Cuzzocrea, Alfredo}, isbn = {978-989-758-664-4}, issn = {2184-285X}, doi = {10.5220/0012084400003541}, pages = {335 -- 342}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Extracting workflow nets from textual descriptions can be used to simplify guidelines or formalize textual descriptions of formal processes like business processes and algorithms. The task of manually extracting processes, however, requires domain expertise and effort. While automatic process model extraction is desirable, annotating texts with formalized process models is expensive. Therefore, there are only a few machine-learning-based extraction approaches. Rule-based approaches, in turn, require domain specificity to work well and can rarely distinguish relevant and irrelevant information in textual descriptions. In this paper, we present GUIDO, a hybrid approach to the process model extraction task that first, classifies sentences regarding their relevance to the process model, using a BERT-based sentence classifier, and second, extracts a process model from the sentences classified as relevant, using dependency parsing. The presented approach achieves significantly better resul ts than a pure rule-based approach. GUIDO achieves an average behavioral similarity score of 0.93. Still, in comparison to purely machine-learning-based approaches, the annotation costs stay low.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KloeserBuesgenKohletal.2023, author = {Kl{\"o}ser, Lars and B{\"u}sgen, Andr{\´e} and Kohl, Philipp and Kraft, Bodo and Z{\"u}ndorf, Albert}, title = {Explaining relation classification models with semantic extents}, series = {DeLTA 2023: Deep Learning Theory and Applications}, booktitle = {DeLTA 2023: Deep Learning Theory and Applications}, editor = {Conte, Donatello and Fred, Ana and Gusikhin, Oleg and Sansone, Carlo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-39058-6 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-39059-3_13}, pages = {189 -- 208}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In recent years, the development of large pretrained language models, such as BERT and GPT, significantly improved information extraction systems on various tasks, including relation classification. State-of-the-art systems are highly accurate on scientific benchmarks. A lack of explainability is currently a complicating factor in many real-world applications. Comprehensible systems are necessary to prevent biased, counterintuitive, or harmful decisions. We introduce semantic extents, a concept to analyze decision patterns for the relation classification task. Semantic extents are the most influential parts of texts concerning classification decisions. Our definition allows similar procedures to determine semantic extents for humans and models. We provide an annotation tool and a software framework to determine semantic extents for humans and models conveniently and reproducibly. Comparing both reveals that models tend to learn shortcut patterns from data. These patterns are hard to detect with current interpretability methods, such as input reductions. Our approach can help detect and eliminate spurious decision patterns during model development. Semantic extents can increase the reliability and security of natural language processing systems. Semantic extents are an essential step in enabling applications in critical areas like healthcare or finance. Moreover, our work opens new research directions for developing methods to explain deep learning models.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SteuerDankert2023, author = {Steuer-Dankert, Linda}, title = {Training future skills - sustainability, interculturality \& innovation in a digital design thinking format}, series = {Proceedings of the 19th International CDIO Conference}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th International CDIO Conference}, pages = {12 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The complex questions of today for a world of tomorrow are characterized by their global impact. Solutions must therefore not only be sustainable in the sense of the three pillars of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social) but must also function globally. This goes hand in hand with the need for intercultural acceptance of developed services and products. To achieve this, engineers, as the problem solvers of the future, must be able to work in intercultural teams on appropriate solutions, and be sensitive to intercultural perspectives. To equip the engineers of the future with the so-called future skills, teaching concepts are needed in which students can acquire these methods and competencies in application-oriented formats. The presented course "Applying Design Thinking - Sustainability, Innovation and Interculturality" was developed to teach future skills from the competency areas Digital Key Competencies, Classical Competencies and Transformative Competencies. The CDIO Standard 3.0, in particular the standards 5, 6, 7 and 8, was used as a guideline. The course aims to prepare engineering students from different disciplines and cultures for their future work in an international environment by combining a digital teaching format with an interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary and intercultural setting for solving sustainability challenges. The innovative moment lies in the digital application of design thinking and the inclusion of intercultural as well as trans- and interdisciplinary perspectives in innovation development processes. In this paper, the concept of the course will be presented in detail and the particularities of a digital implementation of design thinking will be addressed. Subsequently, the potentials and challenges will be reflected and practical advice for integrating design thinking in engineering education will be given.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EggertWeber2023, author = {Eggert, Mathias and Weber, Jannik}, title = {What drives the purchase decision in Instagram stores?}, series = {ECIS 2023 Research Papers}, booktitle = {ECIS 2023 Research Papers}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The popularity of social media and particularly Instagram grows steadily. People use the different platforms to share pictures as well as videos and to communicate with friends. The potential of social media platforms is also being used for marketing purposes and for selling products. While for Facebook and other online social media platforms the purchase decision factors are investigated several times, Instagram stores remain mainly unattended so far. The present research work closes this gap and sheds light into decisive factors for purchasing products offered in Instagram stores. A theoretical research model, which contains selected constructs that are assumed to have a significant influence on Instagram user´s purchase intention, is developed. The hypotheses are evaluated by applying structural equation modelling on survey data containing 127 relevant participants. The results of the study reveal that 'trust', 'personal recommendation', and 'usability' significantly influences user's buying intention in Instagram stores.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KreyerEsch2017, author = {Kreyer, J{\"o}rg and Esch, Thomas}, title = {Simulation Tool for Predictive Control Strategies for an ORCSystem in Heavy Duty Vehicles}, series = {European GT Conference 2017}, booktitle = {European GT Conference 2017}, pages = {16 Seiten}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Scientific questions - How can a non-stationary heat offering in the commercial vehicle be used to reduce fuel consumption? - Which potentials offer route and environmental information among with predicted speed and load trajectories to increase the efficiency of a ORC-System? Methods - Desktop bound holistic simulation model for a heavy duty truck incl. an ORC System - Prediction of massflows, temperatures and mixture quality (AFR) of exhaust gas}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KemperHellenbroichEsch2009, author = {Kemper, Hans and Hellenbroich, Gereon and Esch, Thomas}, title = {Concept of an innovative passenger-car hybrid drive for European driving conditions}, series = {Hybrid vehicles and energy management : 6th symposium ; 18th and 19th February 2009, Stadthalle Braunschweig}, booktitle = {Hybrid vehicles and energy management : 6th symposium ; 18th and 19th February 2009, Stadthalle Braunschweig}, publisher = {Gesamtzentrum f{\"u}r Verkehr (GZVB)}, address = {Braunschweig}, isbn = {978-3-937655-20-8}, pages = {264 -- 287}, year = {2009}, abstract = {The downsizing of spark ignition engines in conjunction with turbocharging is considered to be a promising method for reducing CO₂ emissions. Using this concept, FEV has developed a new, highly efficient drivetrain to demonstrate fuel consumption reduction and drivability in a vehicle based on the Ford Focus ST. The newly designed 1.8L turbocharged gasoline engine incorporates infinitely variable intake and outlet control timing and direct fuel injection utilizing piezo injectors centrally located. In addition, this engine uses a prototype FEV engine control system, with software that was developed and adapted entirely by FEV. The vehicle features a 160 kW engine with a maximum mean effective pressure of 22.4 bar and 34 \% savings in simulated fuel consumption. During the first stage, a new electrohydraulically actuated hybrid transmission with seven forward gears and one reverse gear and a single dry starting clutch will be integrated. The electric motor of the hybrid is directly connected to the gear set of the transmission. Utilizing the special gear set layout, the electric motor can provide boost during a change of gears, so that there is no interruption in traction. Therefore, the transmission system combines the advantages of a double clutch controlled gear change (gear change without an interruption in traction) with the efficient, cost-effective design of an automated manual transmission system. Additionally, the transmission provides a purely electric drive system and the operation of an air-conditioning compressor during the engine stop phases. One other alternative is through the use of CAI (Controlled Auto Ignition), which incorporates a process developed by FEV for controlled compression ignition.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FunkeEschRoosen2009, author = {Funke, Harald and Esch, Thomas and Roosen, Peter}, title = {Using motor gasoline for aircrafts - coping with growing bio-fuel-caused risks by understanding cause-effect relationship}, series = {Fuels 2009 : mineral oil based and alternative fuels ; 7th international colloquium ; January 14 - 15, 2009}, booktitle = {Fuels 2009 : mineral oil based and alternative fuels ; 7th international colloquium ; January 14 - 15, 2009}, editor = {Bartz, Wilfried J.}, publisher = {Technische Akademie Esslingen (TAE)}, address = {Ostfildern}, isbn = {978-3-924813-75-8}, pages = {237 -- 244}, year = {2009}, abstract = {The utilisation of vehicle-oriented gasoline in general aviation is very desirable for both ecological and economical reasons, as well as for general considerations of availability. As of today vehicle fuels may be used if the respective engine and cell are certified for such an operation. For older planes a supplementary technical certificate is provided for gasoline mixtures with less than 1 \% v/v ethanol only, though. Larger admixtures of ethanol may lead to sudden engine malfunction and should be considered as considerable security risks. Major problems are caused by the partially ethanol non-withstanding materials, a necessarily changed stochiometric adjustment of the engine for varying ethanol shares and the tendency for phase separation in the presence of absorbed water. The concepts of the flexible fuel vehicles are only partially applicable in the view of air security.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeissAbanteribaEsch2007, author = {Weiss, Alexander and Abanteriba, Sylvester and Esch, Thomas}, title = {Investigation of Flow Separation Inside a Conical Rocket Nozzle With the Aid of an Annular Cross Flow}, series = {Proceedings of the ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. Volume 1: Symposia, Parts A and B}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. Volume 1: Symposia, Parts A and B}, publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)}, address = {New York}, isbn = {0-7918-4288-6}, doi = {10.1115/FEDSM2007-37387}, pages = {1861 -- 1871}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Flow separation is a phenomenon that occurs in all kinds of supersonic nozzles sometimes during run-up and shut-down operations. Especially in expansion nozzles of rocket engines with large area ratio, flow separation can trigger strong side loads that can damage the structure of the nozzle. The investigation presented in this paper seeks to establish measures that may be applied to alter the point of flow separation. In order to achieve this, a supersonic nozzle was placed at the exit plane of the conical nozzle. This resulted in the generation of cross flow surrounding the core jet flow from the conical nozzle. Due to the entrainment of the gas stream from the conical nozzle the pressure in its exit plane was found to be lower than that of the ambient. A Cold gas instead of hot combustion gases was used as the working fluid. A mathematical simulation of the concept was validated by experiment. Measurements confirmed the simulation results that due to the introduction of a second nozzle the pressure in the separated region of the conical nozzle was significantly reduced. It was also established that the boundary layer separation inside the conical nozzle was delayed thus allowing an increased degree of overexpansion. The condition established by the pressure measurements was also demonstrated qualitatively using transparent nozzle configurations.}, language = {en} }