@inproceedings{Kern2017,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander},
  title     = {Optimierung des Blitzschutzes bei Biogasanlagen},
  series = {12. VDE/ABB-Blitzschutztagung : Beitr{\"a}ge der 12. VDE/ABB-Fachtagung, 12.-13. Oktober 2017, Aschaffenburg},
  booktitle = {12. VDE/ABB-Blitzschutztagung : Beitr{\"a}ge der 12. VDE/ABB-Fachtagung, 12.-13. Oktober 2017, Aschaffenburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-8007-4459-6},
  pages     = {48 -- 56},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KernBeierlZischank2009,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Beierl, Ottmar and Zischank, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Calculation of the separation distance according to IEC 62305-3: 2006-10 - Remarks for the application and simplified methods},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {[Paper of the X International Symposium on Lightning Protection 9th - 13th November, 2009 - Curitiba, Brazil. 6 pages] The international standard IEC 62305-3, published in 2006, requires as an integral part of the lightning protection system (LPS) the consideration of a separation distance between the conductors of the LPS and metal and electrical installations inside the structure to be protected. IEC 62305-3 gives two different methods for this calculation: a standard, simplified approach and a more detailed approach, which differ especially regarding the treatment of the current sharing effect on the LPS conductors. Hence, different results for the separation distance are possible, leading to some discrepancies in the use of the standard. The standard approach defined in the main part (Clause 6.3) and in Annex C of the standard in some cases may lead to a severe oversizing of the required separation distance. The detailed approach described in Annex E naturally gives more correct results. However, a calculation of the current sharing amongst all parts of the air-termination and downconductor network is necessary, in many cases requiring the use of network analysis programs. In this paper simplified methods for the assessment of the current sharing are presented, which are easy to use as well as sufficiently adequate.},
  subject      = {Blitzschutz},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KernBraun2014,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Braun, Christian},
  title     = {Risk management according to IEC 62305-2 edition 2: 2010-12 assessment of structures with a risk of explosion},
  series = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China},
  booktitle = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China},
  organization    = {International Conference on Lightning Protection <2014, Shanghai>},
  pages     = {1237 -- 1242},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Risk management for structures with a risk of explosion should be considered very carefully when performing a risk analysis according to IEC 62305-2. In contrast to the 2006 edition of the standard, the 2010 edition describes the topic "Structures with a risk of explosion" in more detail. Moreover, in Germany separate procedures and parameters are defined for the risk analysis of structures with a risk of explosion (Supplement 3 of the German DIN EN 62305-2 standard). This paper describes the contents and the relevant calculations of this Supplement 3, together with a numerical example.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernBrocke2017,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Brocke, Ralph},
  title     = {Planung von Fangeinrichtungen mit dem dynamischen elektro-geometrischen Modell - M{\"o}gliche praktische Anwendungen},
  series = {12. VDE/ABB-Blitzschutztagung : Beitr{\"a}ge der 12. VDE/ABB-Fachtagung, 12.-13. Oktober 2017, Aschaffenburg},
  booktitle = {12. VDE/ABB-Blitzschutztagung : Beitr{\"a}ge der 12. VDE/ABB-Fachtagung, 12.-13. Oktober 2017, Aschaffenburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-8007-4459-6},
  pages     = {75 -- 82},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{KernDikta2009,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Dikta, Gerhard},
  title     = {Probability of damage of electrical and electronic systems due to indirect lightning flashes - investigation of data from German insurance companies},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {In the presented paper data collected from the field related to damage statistics of electrical and electronic apparatus in household are reported and investigated. These damages (total number approx. 74000 cases), registered by five German insurance companies in 2005 and 2006, were adviced by customers as caused by lightning overvoltages. With the use of stochastical methods it is possible, to reasses the collected data and to distinguish between cases, which are with high probability caused by lightning overvoltages, and those, which are not. If there was an indication for a direct strike, this case was excluded, so the focus was only on indirect lightning flashes, i.e. only flashes to ground near the structure and flashes to or nearby an incoming service line were investigated. The data from the field contain the location of damaged apparatus (residence of the policy holder) and the distances of the nearest cloud-to-ground stroke to the location of the damage registered by the German lightning location network BLIDS at the date of damage. The statistical data along with some complementary numerical simulations allow to verify the correspondence of the Standards rules used for IEC 62305-2 with the field data and to define some correction needs. The results could lead to a better understanding whether a damage reported to an insurance company is really caused by indirect lightning, or not.},
  subject      = {Blitzschutz},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernHeidlerSeeversetal.2004,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Heidler, Fridolin and Seevers, M. and Zischank, Wolfgang J.},
  title     = {Magnetic Fields and Induced Voltages in case of a Direct Strike - Comparison of Results obtained from Measurements at a Scaled Building to those of IEC 62305-4},
  isbn      = {0304-3886},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In the paper the results obtained from experiments at a modelled reinforced building in case of a direct lightning strike are compared with calculations. The comparison includes peak values of the magnetic field Hmax, its derivative (dH/dt)max and of induced voltages umax in typical cable routings. The experiments are performed at a 1:6 scaled building and the results are extrapolated using the similarity relations theory. The calculations are based on the approximate formulae given in IEC 62305-4 and have to be supplemented by a rough estimation of the additional shielding effect of a second reinforcement layer. The comparison shows, that the measured peak values of the magnetic field and its derivative are mostly lower than the calculated. The induced voltages are in good agreement. Hence, calculations of the induced voltages based on IEC 62305-4 are a good method for lightning protection studies of buildings, where the reinforcement is used as a grid-like electromagnetic shield.},
  subject      = {Blitz},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernImaniVashianiTimmermanns2021,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Imani Vashiani, Anahita and Timmermanns, Tobias},
  title     = {Threat for human beings due to touch voltages and body currents caused by direct lightning strikes in case of non-isolated lightning protection systems using natural components},
  series = {35th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) and XVI International Symposium on Lightning Protection (SIPDA)},
  booktitle = {35th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) and XVI International Symposium on Lightning Protection (SIPDA)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  isbn      = {978-1-6654-2346-5},
  doi       = {10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627465},
  pages     = {8 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {For typical cases of non-isolated lightning protection systems (LPS) the impulse currents are investigated which may flow through a human body directly touching a structural part of the LPS. Based on a basic LPS model with conventional down-conductors especially the cases of external and internal steel columns and metal fa{\c{c}}ades are considered and compared. Numerical simulations of the line quantities voltages and currents in the time domain are performed with an equivalent circuit of the entire LPS. As a result it can be stated that by increasing the number of conventional down-conductors and external steel columns the threat for a human being can indeed be reduced, but not down to an acceptable limit. In case of internal steel columns used as natural down-conductors the threat can be reduced sufficiently, depending on the low-resistive connection of the steel columns to the lightning equipotential bonding or the earth termination system, resp. If a metal fa{\c{c}}ade is used the threat for human beings touching is usually very low, if the fa{\c{c}}ade is sufficiently interconnected and multiply connected to the lightning equipotential bonding or the earth termination system, resp.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernKrichel2002,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank},
  title     = {Considerations about the lightning protection system of mains independent renewable energy hybrid-systems - practical experiences},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {In the paper a lightning protection design concept for renewable energy hybrid-systems without power mains connection is described. Based on a risk analysis protection measures against direct strikes and overvoltages are shown in an overview. The design concept is realized exemplarily for the hybrid-system VATALI on the Greek island Crete. VATALI, not lightning protected at that time, was a victim of a lightning strike in the year 2000 causing destructions and damages of some mechanical and electrical components with costs of approx. 60.000 €. The hardware costs for the protection measures were about 15.000 €: about 50\% of the costs are due to protection measures against direct strikes, 50\% are due to overvoltage protection.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernKrichelMueller2001,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Peter},
  title     = {Lightning protection design of a renewable energy hybrid-system without power mains connection},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {In the year 2000 a direct lightning strike to the hybridsystem without power mains connection VATALI on the Greek island Crete results in the destruction and damage of some mechanical and electrical components. The hybrid-system VATALI was not lightning protected at that time. The hardware damage costs are approx. 60,000 €. The exposed site of the hybrid-system on top of a mountain was and still is the reason for a high risk of lightning strikes. Also in the future further lightning strikes have to be taken into consideration. In the paper a fundamental lightning protection design concept for renewable energy hybrid-systems without power mains connection and protection measures against direct strikes and overvoltages are shown in detail. The design concept was realized exemplarily for the hybrid-system VATALI. The hardware costs for the protection measures were about 15,000 €. About 50\% of the costs are due to protection measures against direct strikes, 50\% are due to overvoltage protection. Future extensions, new installations, or modifications have to be included into the lightning protection design concept of the hybrid-system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernKraemer2003,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Kr{\"a}mer, Heinz-Josef},
  title     = {Blitzschutzkonzept f{\"u}r eine bauliche Anlage mit Stahlkonstruktion und metallenen W{\"a}nden},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Bauliche Anlagen mit Stahlkonstruktionen (bzw. auch Stahlbetonskelett- Konstruktionen) und metallenen W{\"a}nden sind bereits in sehr großer Zahl errichtet. Dazu geh{\"o}ren kleinere bis gr{\"o}ßere Lagerhallen ebenso wie Einkaufszentren. Sie zeichnen sich durch große Flexibilit{\"a}t, einfache Planung, kurze Bauzeit und rel. geringe Kosten aus. Auch in der nahen Zukunft ist deshalb mit Planung und Errichtung weiterer solcher baulicher Anlagen zu rechnen. Abh{\"a}ngig von der Nutzung der Hallen sind auch mehr oder weniger umfangreiche elektrische und elektronische Systeme vorhanden, die wichtige Funktionen sicherstellen m{\"u}ssen. Der Blitzschutz f{\"u}r diese baulichen Anlagen sollte sich also nicht nur im „klassischen" Geb{\"a}ude-Blitzschutz nach DIN V 0185-3 VDE V 0185 Teil 3 [1] ersch{\"o}pfen; ein Erg{\"a}nzung hin zu einem sinnvollen Grundschutz der elektrischen und elektronischen Systeme nach DIN V 0185-4 VDE V 0185 Teil 4 [2] ist anzuraten. Im folgenden Beitrag wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, mit dem ein hochwertiger Blitzschutz sowohl der baulichen Anlage und der darin befindlichen Personen, als auch der elektrischen und elektronischen Systeme verwirklicht werden kann. Insbesondere bei großfl{\"a}chigen Hallen stellen sich dabei besondere Anforderungen. Das Konzept und die zugeh{\"o}rigen blitzschutz-technischen Maßnahmen k{\"o}nnen drei Hauptbereichen zugeordnet werden: - {\"A}ußerer Blitzschutz; - Innerer Blitzschutz; - weitergehende besondere Maßnahmen. Das Konzept sowie die Maßnahmen werden allgemein beschrieben und teilweise anhand einer ausgef{\"u}hrten Anlage mit Fotos beispielhaft dokumentiert.},
  language  = {de}
}