@inproceedings{KernDikta2009,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Dikta, Gerhard},
  title     = {Probability of damage of electrical and electronic systems due to indirect lightning flashes - investigation of data from German insurance companies},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {In the presented paper data collected from the field related to damage statistics of electrical and electronic apparatus in household are reported and investigated. These damages (total number approx. 74000 cases), registered by five German insurance companies in 2005 and 2006, were adviced by customers as caused by lightning overvoltages. With the use of stochastical methods it is possible, to reasses the collected data and to distinguish between cases, which are with high probability caused by lightning overvoltages, and those, which are not. If there was an indication for a direct strike, this case was excluded, so the focus was only on indirect lightning flashes, i.e. only flashes to ground near the structure and flashes to or nearby an incoming service line were investigated. The data from the field contain the location of damaged apparatus (residence of the policy holder) and the distances of the nearest cloud-to-ground stroke to the location of the damage registered by the German lightning location network BLIDS at the date of damage. The statistical data along with some complementary numerical simulations allow to verify the correspondence of the Standards rules used for IEC 62305-2 with the field data and to define some correction needs. The results could lead to a better understanding whether a damage reported to an insurance company is really caused by indirect lightning, or not.},
  subject      = {Blitzschutz},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WetterKern2014,
  author    = {Wetter, Martin and Kern, Alexander},
  title     = {Number of lightning strikes to tall structures - comparison of calculations and measurements using a modern lightning monitoring system},
  series = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China},
  booktitle = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China},
  organization    = {International Conference on Lightning Protection <2014, Shanghai>},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernSchelthoffMathieu2012,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Schelthoff, Christof and Mathieu, Moritz},
  title     = {Calculation of interception efficiencies for mesh-type air-terminations according to IEC 62305-3 using a dynamic electro-geometrical model},
  series = {International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) : 2 - 7 Sept. 2012, Vienna},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) : 2 - 7 Sept. 2012, Vienna},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  organization    = {International Conference on Lightning Protection <2012, Wien>},
  isbn      = {978-1-4673-1896-9 (E-Book) ; 978-1-4673-1898-3 (Print)},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LoPiparoKernMazzetti2012,
  author    = {Lo Piparo, G. B. and Kern, Alexander and Mazzetti, C.},
  title     = {Some masterpoints about risk due to lightning},
  series = {International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) : 2 - 7 Sept. 2012, Vienna},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) : 2 - 7 Sept. 2012, Vienna},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  organization    = {International Conference on Lightning Protection <2012, Wien>},
  isbn      = {978-1-4673-1896-9 (E-Book) ; 978-1-4673-1898-3 (Print)},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RousseauKern2014,
  author    = {Rousseau, Alain and Kern, Alexander},
  title     = {How to deal with environmental risk in IEC 62305-2},
  series = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China},
  booktitle = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China},
  organization    = {International Conference on Lightning Protection <2014, Shanghai>},
  pages     = {521 -- 527},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The 2nd edition of the lightning risk management standard (IEC 62305-2) considers structures, which may endanger environment. In these cases, the loss is not limited to the structure itself, which is valid for usual structures. In the past (Edition 1) this danger was simply taken into account by a special hazard factor, multiplying the existing risk for the structure with a number. Now, in the edition 2, we add to the risk for the structure itself a "second risk" due to the losses outside the structure. The losses outside can be treated independently from what occurs inside. This is a major advantage to analyze the risk for sensitive structures, like chemical plants, nuclear plants, or structures containing explosives, etc. In this paper, the existing procedure given by the European version EN 62305-2 Ed.2 is further developed and applied to a few structures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernBraun2014,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Braun, Christian},
  title     = {Risk management according to IEC 62305-2 edition 2: 2010-12 assessment of structures with a risk of explosion},
  series = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China},
  booktitle = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China},
  organization    = {International Conference on Lightning Protection <2014, Shanghai>},
  pages     = {1237 -- 1242},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Risk management for structures with a risk of explosion should be considered very carefully when performing a risk analysis according to IEC 62305-2. In contrast to the 2006 edition of the standard, the 2010 edition describes the topic "Structures with a risk of explosion" in more detail. Moreover, in Germany separate procedures and parameters are defined for the risk analysis of structures with a risk of explosion (Supplement 3 of the German DIN EN 62305-2 standard). This paper describes the contents and the relevant calculations of this Supplement 3, together with a numerical example.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernKrichelMueller2001,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Peter},
  title     = {Lightning protection design of a renewable energy hybrid-system without power mains connection},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {In the year 2000 a direct lightning strike to the hybridsystem without power mains connection VATALI on the Greek island Crete results in the destruction and damage of some mechanical and electrical components. The hybrid-system VATALI was not lightning protected at that time. The hardware damage costs are approx. 60,000 €. The exposed site of the hybrid-system on top of a mountain was and still is the reason for a high risk of lightning strikes. Also in the future further lightning strikes have to be taken into consideration. In the paper a fundamental lightning protection design concept for renewable energy hybrid-systems without power mains connection and protection measures against direct strikes and overvoltages are shown in detail. The design concept was realized exemplarily for the hybrid-system VATALI. The hardware costs for the protection measures were about 15,000 €. About 50\% of the costs are due to protection measures against direct strikes, 50\% are due to overvoltage protection. Future extensions, new installations, or modifications have to be included into the lightning protection design concept of the hybrid-system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ZischankKernFrentzeletal.2000,
  author    = {Zischank, Wolfgang J. and Kern, Alexander and Frentzel, Ralf and Heidler, Fridolin and Seevers, M.},
  title     = {Assessment of the lightning transient coupling to control cables interconnecting structures in large industrial facilities and power plants},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {Large industrial facilities and power plants often require a huge number fo information and control cables between the differnet structures. These I\&C-cables can be routed in reinforced concrete cable ducts or in isolated buried cable runs. KTA 2206 is the German lightning protection standard for nuclear power plants. During the last several years considerable effort has been made to revise this standard. Despite the well established principles and design guidelines for the construction of the lightning protection system, this standard puts special emphasis on the coupling of transient overvoltages to I\&C-cables.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SurteesGillespieKernetal.2004,
  author    = {Surtees, A. J. and Gillespie, A. and Kern, Alexander and Rousseau, A.},
  title     = {DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK ASSESSMENT CALCULATOR BASED ON A SIMPLIFIED FORM OF THE IEC 62305-2 STANDARD ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Neue Blitzschutznorm IEC 62305. Entwicklung einer einfachen Software zur Risikoabw{\"a}gung},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernHeidlerSeeversetal.2004,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Heidler, Fridolin and Seevers, M. and Zischank, Wolfgang J.},
  title     = {Magnetic Fields and Induced Voltages in case of a Direct Strike - Comparison of Results obtained from Measurements at a Scaled Building to those of IEC 62305-4},
  isbn      = {0304-3886},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In the paper the results obtained from experiments at a modelled reinforced building in case of a direct lightning strike are compared with calculations. The comparison includes peak values of the magnetic field Hmax, its derivative (dH/dt)max and of induced voltages umax in typical cable routings. The experiments are performed at a 1:6 scaled building and the results are extrapolated using the similarity relations theory. The calculations are based on the approximate formulae given in IEC 62305-4 and have to be supplemented by a rough estimation of the additional shielding effect of a second reinforcement layer. The comparison shows, that the measured peak values of the magnetic field and its derivative are mostly lower than the calculated. The induced voltages are in good agreement. Hence, calculations of the induced voltages based on IEC 62305-4 are a good method for lightning protection studies of buildings, where the reinforcement is used as a grid-like electromagnetic shield.},
  subject      = {Blitz},
  language  = {en}
}