@unpublished{BornheimNiklasBlanecketal.2023, author = {Bornheim, Tobias and Niklas, Grieger and Blaneck, Patrick Gustav and Bialonski, Stephan}, title = {Preprint: Speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates with QLoRA-adapted large language models}, series = {Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics}, journal = {Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2309.09902}, pages = {8 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The growing body of political texts opens up new opportunities for rich insights into political dynamics and ideologies but also increases the workload for manual analysis. Automated speaker attribution, which detects who said what to whom in a speech event and is closely related to semantic role labeling, is an important processing step for computational text analysis. We study the potential of the large language model family Llama 2 to automate speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates from 2017-2021. We fine-tune Llama 2 with QLoRA, an efficient training strategy, and observe our approach to achieve competitive performance in the GermEval 2023 Shared Task On Speaker Attribution in German News Articles and Parliamentary Debates. Our results shed light on the capabilities of large language models in automating speaker attribution, revealing a promising avenue for computational analysis of political discourse and the development of semantic role labeling systems.}, language = {en} } @article{KowalewskiBragardHueningetal.2023, author = {Kowalewski, Paul and Bragard, Michael and H{\"u}ning, Felix and De Doncker, Rik W.}, title = {An inexpensive Wiegand-sensor-based rotary encoder without rotating magnets for use in electrical drives}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {0018-9456 (Print)}, doi = {10.1109/TIM.2023.3326166}, pages = {10 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This paper introduces an inexpensive Wiegand-sensor-based rotary encoder that avoids rotating magnets and is suitable for electrical-drive applications. So far, Wiegand-sensor-based encoders usually include a magnetic pole wheel with rotating permanent magnets. These encoders combine the disadvantages of an increased magnet demand and a limited maximal speed due to the centripetal force acting on the rotating magnets. The proposed approach reduces the total demand of permanent magnets drastically. Moreover, the rotating part is manufacturable from a single piece of steel, which makes it very robust and cheap. This work presents the theoretical operating principle of the proposed approach and validates its benefits on a hardware prototype. The presented proof-of-concept prototype achieves a mechanical resolution of 4.5 ° by using only 4 permanent magnets, 2Wiegand sensors and a rotating steel gear wheel with 20 teeth.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AlhaskirTschescheLinkeetal.2023, author = {Alhaskir, Mohamed and Tschesche, Matteo and Linke, Florian and Schriewer, Elisabeth and Weber, Yvonne and Wolking, Stefan and R{\"o}hrig, Rainer and Koch, Henner and Kutafina, Ekaterina}, title = {ECG matching: an approach to synchronize ECG datasets for data quality comparisons}, series = {Proceedings of the 68th Annual Meeting of the German Association of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology e.V. (gmds) 2023}, volume = {307}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 68th Annual Meeting of the German Association of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology e.V. (gmds) 2023}, editor = {R{\"o}hrig, Rainer and Grabe, Niels and Haag, Martin and H{\"u}bner, Ursula and Sax, Ulrich and Schmidt, Carsten Oliver and Sedlmayr, Martin and Zapf, Antonia}, publisher = {IOS Press}, isbn = {978-1-64368-428-4 (Print)}, doi = {10.3233/SHTI230718}, pages = {225 -- 232}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Clinical assessment of newly developed sensors is important for ensuring their validity. Comparing recordings of emerging electrocardiography (ECG) systems to a reference ECG system requires accurate synchronization of data from both devices. Current methods can be inefficient and prone to errors. To address this issue, three algorithms are presented to synchronize two ECG time series from different recording systems: Binned R-peak Correlation, R-R Interval Correlation, and Average R-peak Distance. These algorithms reduce ECG data to their cyclic features, mitigating inefficiencies and minimizing discrepancies between different recording systems. We evaluate the performance of these algorithms using high-quality data and then assess their robustness after manipulating the R-peaks. Our results show that R-R Interval Correlation was the most efficient, whereas the Average R-peak Distance and Binned R-peak Correlation were more robust against noisy data.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EichenbaumNikolovskiMuelhensetal.2023, author = {Eichenbaum, Julian and Nikolovski, Gjorgji and M{\"u}lhens, Leon and Reke, Michael and Ferrein, Alexander and Scholl, Ingrid}, title = {Towards a lifelong mapping approach using Lanelet 2 for autonomous open-pit mine operations}, series = {2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3503-2069-5 (Online)}, doi = {10.1109/CASE56687.2023.10260526}, pages = {8 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Autonomous agents require rich environment models for fulfilling their missions. High-definition maps are a well-established map format which allows for representing semantic information besides the usual geometric information of the environment. These are, for instance, road shapes, road markings, traffic signs or barriers. The geometric resolution of HD maps can be as precise as of centimetre level. In this paper, we report on our approach of using HD maps as a map representation for autonomous load-haul-dump vehicles in open-pit mining operations. As the mine undergoes constant change, we also need to constantly update the map. Therefore, we follow a lifelong mapping approach for updating the HD maps based on camera-based object detection and GPS data. We show our mapping algorithm based on the Lanelet 2 map format and show our integration with the navigation stack of the Robot Operating System. We present experimental results on our lifelong mapping approach from a real open-pit mine.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TischbeinKeanVertgewalletal.2023, author = {Tischbein, Franziska and Kean, Kilian and Vertgewall, Chris Martin and Ulbig, Andreas and Altherr, Lena}, title = {Determination of the topology of low-voltage distribution grids using cluster methods}, series = {27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023)}, booktitle = {27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-83953-855-1}, doi = {10.1049/icp.2023.0478}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Due to the decarbonization of the energy sector, the electric distribution grids are undergoing a major transformation, which is expected to increase the load on the operating resources due to new electrical loads and distributed energy resources. Therefore, grid operators need to gradually move to active grid management in order to ensure safe and reliable grid operation. However, this requires knowledge of key grid variables, such as node voltages, which is why the mass integration of measurement technology (smart meters) is necessary. Another problem is the fact that a large part of the topology of the distribution grids is not sufficiently digitized and models are partly faulty, which means that active grid operation management today has to be carried out largely blindly. It is therefore part of current research to develop methods for determining unknown grid topologies based on measurement data. In this paper, different clustering algorithms are presented and their performance of topology detection of low voltage grids is compared. Furthermore, the influence of measurement uncertainties is investigated in the form of a sensitivity analysis.}, language = {en} } @incollection{FreyerKempt2023, author = {Freyer, Nils and Kempt, Hendrik}, title = {AI-DSS in healthcare and their power over health-insecure collectives}, series = {Justice in global health}, booktitle = {Justice in global health}, editor = {Bhakuni, Himani and Miotto, Lucas}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781003399933}, doi = {10.4324/9781003399933-4}, pages = {38 -- 55}, year = {2023}, abstract = {AI-based systems are nearing ubiquity not only in everyday low-stakes activities but also in medical procedures. To protect patients and physicians alike, explainability requirements have been proposed for the operation of AI-based decision support systems (AI-DSS), which adds hurdles to the productive use of AI in clinical contexts. This raises two questions: Who decides these requirements? And how should access to AI-DSS be provided to communities that reject these standards (particularly when such communities are expert-scarce)? This chapter investigates a dilemma that emerges from the implementation of global AI governance. While rejecting global AI governance limits the ability to help communities in need, global AI governance risks undermining and subjecting health-insecure communities to the force of the neo-colonial world order. For this, this chapter first surveys the current landscape of AI governance and introduces the approach of relational egalitarianism as key to (global health) justice. To discuss the two horns of the referred dilemma, the core power imbalances faced by health-insecure collectives (HICs) are examined. The chapter argues that only strong demands of a dual strategy towards health-secure collectives can both remedy the immediate needs of HICs and enable them to become healthcare independent.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchulteTiggesMatheisRekeetal.2023, author = {Schulte-Tigges, Joschua and Matheis, Dominik and Reke, Michael and Walter, Thomas and Kaszner, Daniel}, title = {Demonstrating a V2X enabled system for transition of control and minimum risk manoeuvre when leaving the operational design domain}, series = {HCII 2023: HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems}, booktitle = {HCII 2023: HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems}, editor = {Kr{\"o}mker, Heidi}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-35677-3 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-35678-0_12}, pages = {200 -- 210}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Modern implementations of driver assistance systems are evolving from a pure driver assistance to a independently acting automation system. Still these systems are not covering the full vehicle usage range, also called operational design domain, which require the human driver as fall-back mechanism. Transition of control and potential minimum risk manoeuvres are currently research topics and will bridge the gap until full autonomous vehicles are available. The authors showed in a demonstration that the transition of control mechanisms can be further improved by usage of communication technology. Receiving the incident type and position information by usage of standardised vehicle to everything (V2X) messages can improve the driver safety and comfort level. The connected and automated vehicle's software framework can take this information to plan areas where the driver should take back control by initiating a transition of control which can be followed by a minimum risk manoeuvre in case of an unresponsive driver. This transition of control has been implemented in a test vehicle and was presented to the public during the IEEE IV2022 (IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium) in Aachen, Germany.}, language = {en} } @article{HoffstadtCheenakulaNikolauszetal.2023, author = {Hoffstadt, Kevin and Cheenakula, Dheeraja and Nikolausz, Marcell and Krafft, Simone and Harms, Hauke and Kuperjans, Isabel}, title = {Design and construction of a new reactor for flexible biomethanation of hydrogen}, series = {Fermentation}, volume = {9}, journal = {Fermentation}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2311-5637}, doi = {10.3390/fermentation9080774}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The increasing share of renewable electricity in the grid drives the need for sufficient storage capacity. Especially for seasonal storage, power-to-gas can be a promising approach. Biologically produced methane from hydrogen produced from surplus electricity can be used to substitute natural gas in the existing infrastructure. Current reactor types are not or are poorly optimized for flexible methanation. Therefore, this work proposes a new reactor type with a plug flow reactor (PFR) design. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics ® showed promising properties for operation in laminar flow. An experiment was conducted to support the simulation results and to determine the gas fraction of the novel reactor, which was measured to be 29\%. Based on these simulations and experimental results, the reactor was constructed as a 14 m long, 50 mm diameter tube with a meandering orientation. Data processing was established, and a step experiment was performed. In addition, a kLa of 1 h-1 was determined. The results revealed that the experimental outcomes of the type of flow and gas fractions are in line with the theoretical simulation. The new design shows promising properties for flexible methanation and will be tested.}, language = {en} } @article{MoraisSumanSchoeningetal.2023, author = {Morais, Paulo V. and Suman, Pedro H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Siqueira Junior, Jos{\´e} R. and Orlandi, Marcelo O.}, title = {Layer-by-layer film based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts as sensing units to detect heavy metals using a capacitive field-effect sensor platform}, series = {Chemosensors}, volume = {11}, journal = {Chemosensors}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2227-9040}, doi = {10.3390/chemosensors11080436}, pages = {Artikel 436}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Lead and nickel, as heavy metals, are still used in industrial processes, and are classified as "environmental health hazards" due to their toxicity and polluting potential. The detection of heavy metals can prevent environmental pollution at toxic levels that are critical to human health. In this sense, the electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensor is an attractive sensing platform concerning the fabrication of reusable and robust sensors to detect such substances. This study is aimed to fabricate a sensing unit on an EIS device based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts embedded in a polyelectrolyte matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The EIS-Sn₃O₄ sensor exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance for detecting Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, revealing a higher affinity for Pb²⁺ ions, with sensitivities of ca. 25.8 mV/decade and 2.4 mV/decade, respectively. Such results indicate that Sn₃O₄ nanobelts can contemplate a feasible proof-of-concept capacitive field-effect sensor for heavy metal detection, envisaging other future studies focusing on environmental monitoring.}, language = {en} } @incollection{DachwaldUlamecKowalskietal.2023, author = {Dachwald, Bernd and Ulamec, Stephan and Kowalski, Julia and Boxberg, Marc S. and Baader, Fabian and Biele, Jens and K{\"o}mle, Norbert}, title = {Ice melting probes}, series = {Handbook of Space Resources}, booktitle = {Handbook of Space Resources}, editor = {Badescu, Viorel and Zacny, Kris and Bar-Cohen, Yoseph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-97912-6 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-97913-3_29}, pages = {955 -- 996}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The exploration of icy environments in the solar system, such as the poles of Mars and the icy moons (a.k.a. ocean worlds), is a key aspect for understanding their astrobiological potential as well as for extraterrestrial resource inspection. On these worlds, ice melting probes are considered to be well suited for the robotic clean execution of such missions. In this chapter, we describe ice melting probes and their applications, the physics of ice melting and how the melting behavior can be modeled and simulated numerically, the challenges for ice melting, and the required key technologies to deal with those challenges. We also give an overview of existing ice melting probes and report some results and lessons learned from laboratory and field tests.}, language = {en} }