@article{RoethPielenWolffetal.2018,
  author    = {R{\"o}th, Thilo and Pielen, Michael and Wolff, Klaus and L{\"u}diger, Thomas},
  title     = {Urbane Fahrzeugkonzepte f{\"u}r die Shared Mobility},
  series = {Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift - ATZ},
  volume    = {120},
  journal   = {Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift - ATZ},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer Vieweg},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  issn      = {0001-2785},
  doi       = {10.1007/s35148-017-0176-8},
  pages     = {18 -- 23},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Urbane Mobilit{\"a}tskonzepte der Zukunft erfordern neue Unternehmensformen, idealerweise aus Old Economy und New Economy, sowie eine enge Anbindung an die gesellschaftsrelevante Zukunftsforschung. F{\"u}r neue Fahrzeugkonzepte des Carsharing bedeutet dies, dass alle kostenverursachenden Faktoren erfasst und analysiert werden m{\"u}ssen. Die FH Aachen, share2drive und FEV geben einen Ausblick auf die zuk{\"u}nftige Fahrzeugklasse der Personal Public Vehicles als „Rolling Device".},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{SalberPischingerEschetal.1998,
  author    = {Salber, Wolfgang and Pischinger, Martin and Esch, Thomas and Hagen, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Kaltstartverfahren f{\"u}r eine drosselfreie Mehrzylinder-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine},
  year      = {1998},
  abstract  = {Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kaltstartverfahren f{\"u}r eine Mehrzylinder-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit Anlasser und einer Motorsteuerung zur Ansteuerung von Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtungen, Z{\"u}ndung und voll variabel elektromagnetisch bet{\"a}tigbaren Gaswechselventilen an den einzelnen Zylindern, bei dem die Kurbelwelle {\"u}ber den Anlasser gedreht wird und zum Start f{\"u}r wenigstens einen Zylinder die dazugeh{\"o}rigen Gaswechselventile, die Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung und die Z{\"u}ndung in einem vorgegebenen Taktzyklus angesteuert werden und zwar in den ersten Arbeitszyklen mit "Sp{\"a}tem Einlaß {\"O}ffnen".},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SaretzkiBergmannDahmannetal.2021,
  author    = {Saretzki, Charlotte and Bergmann, Ole and Dahmann, Peter and Janser, Frank and Keimer, Jona and Machado, Patricia and Morrison, Audry and Page, Henry and Pluta, Emil and St{\"u}bing, Felix and K{\"u}pper, Thomas},
  title     = {Are small airplanes safe with regards to COVID-19 transmission?},
  series = {Journal of Travel Medicine},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Journal of Travel Medicine},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1708-8305},
  doi       = {10.1093/jtm/taab105},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SattlerAttiAlexopoulosetal.2022,
  author    = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Atti, Vikrama Naga Babu and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf and Dutta, Siddharth and Kioutsioukis, Ioannis},
  title     = {DNI forecast tool for the smart operation of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage: Theory, results and outlook},
  series = {SolarPACES 2022 conference proceedings},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2022 conference proceedings},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {TIB Open Publishing},
  address   = {Hannover},
  issn      = {2751-9899 (online)},
  doi       = {10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.731},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This work presents a basic forecast tool for predicting direct normal irradiance (DNI) in hourly resolution, which the Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich (SIJ) is developing within a research project. The DNI forecast data shall be used for a parabolic trough collector (PTC) system with a concrete thermal energy storage (C-TES) located at the company KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd in Limassol, Cyprus. On a daily basis, 24-hour DNI prediction data in hourly resolution shall be automatically produced using free or very low-cost weather forecast data as input. The purpose of the DNI forecast tool is to automatically transfer the DNI forecast data on a daily basis to a main control unit (MCU). The MCU automatically makes a smart decision on the operation mode of the PTC system such as steam production mode and/or C-TES charging mode. The DNI forecast tool was evaluated using historical data of measured DNI from an on-site weather station, which was compared to the DNI forecast data. The DNI forecast tool was tested using data from 56 days between January and March 2022, which included days with a strong variation in DNI due to cloud passages. For the evaluation of the DNI forecast reliability, three categories were created and the forecast data was sorted accordingly. The result was that the DNI forecast tool has a reliability of 71.4 \% based on the tested days. The result fulfils SIJ's aim to achieve a reliability of around 70 \%, but SIJ aims to still improve the DNI forecast quality.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SattlerSchneiderAngeleetal.2022,
  author    = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Schneider, Iesse Peer and Angele, Florian and Atti, Vikrama Naga Babu and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Development of heliostat field calibration methods: Theory and experimental test results},
  series = {SolarPACES 2022 conference proceedings},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2022 conference proceedings},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {TIB Open Publishing},
  address   = {Hannover},
  issn      = {2751-9899 (online)},
  doi       = {10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.678},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In this work, three patent pending calibration methods for heliostat fields of central receiver systems (CRS) developed by the Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich (SIJ) of the FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences are presented. The calibration methods can either operate in a combined mode or in stand-alone mode. The first calibration method, method A, foresees that a camera matrix is placed into the receiver plane where it is subjected to concentrated solar irradiance during a measurement process. The second calibration method, method B, uses an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a quadrocopter to automatically fly into the reflected solar irradiance cross-section of one or more heliostats (two variants of method B were tested). The third calibration method, method C, foresees a stereo central camera or multiple stereo cameras installed e.g. on the solar tower whereby the orientations of the heliostats are calculated from the location detection of spherical red markers attached to the heliostats. The most accurate method is method A which has a mean accuracy of 0.17 mrad. The mean accuracy of method B variant 1 is 1.36 mrad and of variant 2 is 1.73 mrad. Method C has a mean accuracy of 15.07 mrad. For method B there is great potential regarding improving the measurement accuracy. For method C the collected data was not sufficient for determining whether or not there is potential for improving the accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchmitzSchebitzEsch1997,
  author    = {Schmitz, G{\"u}nter and Schebitz, Michael and Esch, Thomas},
  title     = {Aus der Ruhelage selbstanziehender elektromagnetischer Aktuator},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {Elektromagnetischer Aktuator zur Bet{\"a}tigung eines Stellgliedes (2), mit wenigstens einem Elektromagneten (4) und einem mit dem Stellglied (2) verbundenen Anker (3), der gegen die Kraft einer R{\"u}ckstellfeder (6) aus seiner Ruhelage in Richtung auf den Elektromagneten (4) bewegbar ist, mit einer R{\"u}ckstellfeder (6), die eine nicht lineare, bezogen auf die Ruhelage des Ankers (3) progressiv ansteigende Kennlinie aufweist.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{SchopenKemperEsch2021,
  author    = {Schopen, Oliver and Kemper, Hans and Esch, Thomas},
  title     = {Development of a comparison methodology and evaluation matrix for electrically driven compressors in ICE and FC},
  series = {Proceedings of the 1st UNITED - Southeast Asia Automotive Interest Group (SAIG) International Conference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st UNITED - Southeast Asia Automotive Interest Group (SAIG) International Conference},
  publisher = {FH Joanneum},
  address   = {Graz},
  isbn      = {978-3-902103-94-9},
  pages     = {45 -- 46},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In addition to electromobility and alternative drive systems, a focus is set on electrically driven compressors (EDC), with a high potential for increasing the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE) and fuel cells [01]. The primary objective is to increase the ICE torque, provided independently of the ICE speed by compressing the intake air and consequently the ICE filling level supported by the compressor. For operation independent from the ICE speed, the EDC compressor is decoupled from the turbine by using an electric compressor motor (CM) instead of the turbine. ICE performances can be increased by the use of EDC where individual compressor parameters are adapted to the respective application area [02] [03]. This task contains great challenges, increased by demands with regard to pollutant reduction while maintaining constant performance and reduced fuel consumption. The FH-Aachen is equipped with an EDC test bench which enables EDC-investigations in various configurations and operating modes. Characteristic properties of different compressors can be determined, which build the basis for a comparison methodology. Subject of this project is the development of a comparison methodology for EDC with an associated evaluation method and a defined overall evaluation method. For the application of this comparison methodology, corresponding series of measurements are carried out on the EDC test bench using an appropriate test device.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchopenNarayanBeckmannetal.2024,
  author    = {Schopen, Oliver and Narayan, Sriram and Beckmann, Marvin and Najmi, Aezid-Ul-Hassan and Esch, Thomas and Shabani, Bahman},
  title     = {An EIS approach to quantify the effects of inlet air relative humidity on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a pathway to developing a novel fault diagnostic method},
  series = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {0360-3199 (print)},
  issn      = {1879-3487 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.01.218},
  pages     = {1302 -- 1315},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {In this work, the effect of low air relative humidity on the operation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is investigated. An innovative method through performing in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is utilised to quantify the effect of inlet air relative humidity at the cathode side on internal ionic resistances and output voltage of the fuel cell. In addition, algorithms are developed to analyse the electrochemical characteristics of the fuel cell. For the specific fuel cell stack used in this study, the membrane resistance drops by over 39 \% and the cathode side charge transfer resistance decreases by 23 \% after increasing the humidity from 30 \% to 85 \%, while the results of static operation also show an increase of ∼2.2 \% in the voltage output after increasing the relative humidity from 30 \% to 85 \%. In dynamic operation, visible drying effects occur at < 50 \% relative humidity, whereby the increase of the air side stoichiometry increases the drying effects. Furthermore, other parameters, such as hydrogen humidification, internal stack structure, and operating parameters like stoichiometry, pressure, and temperature affect the overall water balance. Therefore, the optimal humidification range must be determined by considering all these parameters to maximise the fuel cell performance and durability. The results of this study are used to develop a health management system to ensure sufficient humidification by continuously monitoring the fuel cell polarisation data and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicators.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchopenShabaniEschetal.2022,
  author    = {Schopen, Oliver and Shabani, Bahman and Esch, Thomas and Kemper, Hans and Shah, Neel},
  title     = {Quantitative evaluation of health management designs for fuel cell systems in transport vehicles},
  series = {2nd UNITED-SAIG International Conference Proceedings},
  booktitle = {2nd UNITED-SAIG International Conference Proceedings},
  editor    = {Rahim, S.A. and As'arry, A. and Zuhri, M.Y.M. and Harmin, M.Y. and Rezali, K.A.M. and Hairuddin, A.A.},
  pages     = {1 -- 3},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Focusing on transport vehicles, mainly with regard to aviation applications, this paper presents compilation and subsequent quantitative evaluation of methods aimed at building an optimum integrated health management solution for fuel cell systems. The methods are divided into two different main types and compiled in a related scheme. Furthermore, different methods are analysed and evaluated based on parameters specific to the aviation context of this study. Finally, the most suitable method for use in fuel cell health management systems is identified and its performance and suitability is quantified.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{SchubaHoefken2022,
  author    = {Schuba, Marko and H{\"o}fken, Hans-Wilhelm},
  title     = {Cybersicherheit in Produktion, Automotive und intelligenten Geb{\"a}uden},
  series = {IT-Sicherheit - Technologien und Best Practices f{\"u}r die Umsetzung im Unternehmen},
  booktitle = {IT-Sicherheit - Technologien und Best Practices f{\"u}r die Umsetzung im Unternehmen},
  publisher = {Carl Hanser Verlag},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  isbn      = {978-3-446-47223-5},
  doi       = {10.3139/9783446473478.012},
  pages     = {193 -- 218},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {de}
}