@inproceedings{KraftSchneider2005,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Schneider, Gerd},
  title     = {Semantic Roomobjects for Conceptual Design Support : A Knowledge-based Approach},
  isbn      = {978-1-4020-3460-2},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {In: Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 2005, Part 4, 207-216, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3698-1_19 The conceptual design at the beginning of the building construction process is essential for the success of a building project. Even if some CAD tools allow elaborating conceptual sketches, they rather focus on the shape of the building elements and not on their functionality. We introduce semantic roomobjects and roomlinks, by way of example to the CAD tool ArchiCAD. These extensions provide a basis for specifying the organisation and functionality of a building and free architects being forced to directly produce detailed constructive sketches. Furthermore, we introduce consistency analyses of the conceptual sketch, based on an ontology containing conceptual relevant knowledge, specific to one class of buildings.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftRetkowitz2006,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Retkowitz, Daniel},
  title     = {Rule-Dependencies for Visual Knowledge Specification in Conceptual Design},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In: Proc. of the 11th Intl. Conf. on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE-XI) ed. Hugues Rivard, Montreal, Canada, Seite 1-12, ACSE (CD-ROM), 2006 Currently, the conceptual design phase is not adequately supported by any CAD tool. Neither the support while elaborating conceptual sketches, nor the automatic proof of correctness with respect to effective restrictions is currently provided by any commercial tool. To enable domain experts to store the common as well as their personal domain knowledge, we develop a visual language for knowledge formalization. In this paper, a major extension to the already existing concepts is introduced. The possibility to define rule dependencies extends the expressiveness of the knowledge definition language and contributes to the usability of our approach.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraftNobisrathSalumaaetal.2004,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Nobisrath, Ulrich and Salumaa, Priit and Schultchen, Erhard},
  title     = {Fujaba based Tool Development for eHome Systems / Nobisrath, Ulrich ; Salumaa, Priit ; Schultchen, Erhard ; Kraft, Bodo},
  series = {Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. 127 (2004), H. 1},
  journal   = {Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. 127 (2004), H. 1},
  isbn      = {1571-0661},
  pages     = {89 -- 99},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraftNagl2007,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Nagl, Manfred},
  title     = {Visual Knowledge Specification for Conceptual Design: Definition and Tool Support},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {In: Advanced Engineering Informatics. Vol 21, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 67-83 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2006.10.001 eds. J.C. Kunz, I.F.C. Smith and T. Tomiyama, Elsevier, Seite 1-22 Current CAD tools are not able to support the conceptual design phase, and none of them provides a consistency analysis for sketches produced by architects. This phase is fundamental and crucial for the whole design and construction process of a building. To give architects a better support, we developed a CAD tool for conceptual design and a knowledge specification tool. The knowledge is specific to one class of buildings and it can be reused. Based on a dynamic and domain-specific knowledge ontology, different types of design rules formalize this knowledge in a graph-based form. An expressive visual language provides a user-friendly, human readable representation. Finally, a consistency analysis tool enables conceptual designs to be checked against this formal conceptual knowledge. In this article, we concentrate on the knowledge specification part. For that, we introduce the concepts and usage of a novel visual language and describe its semantics. To demonstrate the usability of our approach, two graph-based visual tools for knowledge specification and conceptual design are explained.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftNagl2003,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Nagl, Manfred},
  title     = {Semantic tool support for conceptual design},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {ITCE-2003 - 4th Joint Symposium on Information Technology in Civil Engineering ed Flood, I., Seite 1-12, ASCE (CD-ROM), Nashville, USA In this paper we discussed graph based tools to support architects during the conceptual design phase. Conceptual Design is defined before constructive design; the used concepts are more abstract. We develop two graph based approaches, a topdown using the graph rewriting system PROGRES and a more industrially oriented approach, where we extend the CAD system ArchiCAD. In both approaches, knowledge can be defined by a knowledge engineer, in the top-down approach in the domain model graph, in the bottom-up approach in the in an XML file. The defined knowledge is used to incrementally check the sketch and to inform the architect about violations of the defined knowledge. Our goal is to discover design error as soon as possible and to support the architect to design buildings with consideration of conceptual knowledge.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftMeyerNagl2002,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Meyer, Oliver and Nagl, Manfred},
  title     = {Graph technology support for conceptual design in civil engineering},
  isbn      = {3-18-318004-9},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {In: Advances in intelligent computing in engineering : proceedings of the 9.International EG-ICE Workshop ; Darmstadt, (01 - 03 August) 2002 / Martina Schnellenbach-Held ... (eds.) . - D{\"u}sseldorf: VDI-Verl., 2002 .- Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Reihe 4, Bauingenieurwesen ; 180 ; S. 1-35 The paper describes a novel way to support conceptual design in civil engineering. The designer uses semantical tools guaranteeing certain internal structures of the design result but also the fulfillment of various constraints. Two different approaches and corresponding tools are discussed: (a) Visually specified tools with automatic code generation to determine a design structure as well as fixing various constraints a design has to obey. These tools are also valuable for design knowledge specialist. (b) Extensions of existing CAD tools to provide semantical knowledge to be used by an architect. It is sketched how these different tools can be combined in the future. The main part of the paper discusses the concepts and realization of two prototypes following the two above approaches. The paper especially discusses that specific graphs and the specification of their structure are useful for both tool realization projects.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraftHeerRetkowitz2008,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Heer, Thomas and Retkowitz, Daniel},
  title     = {Incremental Ontology Integration / Heer, Thomas ; Retkowitz, Daniel ; Kraft, Bodo},
  series = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems : Barcelona, Spain, June 12 - 16, 2008 / organized by INSTICC, Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication ... [Ed. by Jos{\´e} Cordeiro ...]},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems : Barcelona, Spain, June 12 - 16, 2008 / organized by INSTICC, Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication ... [Ed. by Jos{\´e} Cordeiro ...]},
  publisher = {INSTICC},
  address   = {Setubal},
  pages     = {13 -- 28},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraftHeerRetkowitz2008,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Heer, Thomas and Retkowitz, Daniel},
  title     = {Algorithm and Tool for Ontology Integration Based on Graph Rewriting / Heer, Thomas ; Retkowitz, Daniel ; Kraft, Bodo},
  series = {Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance / Third International Symposium, AGTIVE 2007, Kassel, Germany, October 10-12, 2007, Revised Selected and Invited Papers},
  journal   = {Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance / Third International Symposium, AGTIVE 2007, Kassel, Germany, October 10-12, 2007, Revised Selected and Invited Papers},
  isbn      = {978-3-540-89019-5},
  pages     = {577 -- 582},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Kraft2004,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo},
  title     = {Conceptual design tools for civil engineering},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004, Volume 3062/2004, 434-439, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25959-6_33 This paper gives a brief overview of the tools we have developed to support conceptual design in civil engineering. Based on the UPGRADE framework, two applications, one for the knowledge engineer and another for architects allow to store domain specific knowledge and to use this knowledge during conceptual design. Consistency analyses check the design against the defined knowledge and inform the architect if rules are violated.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KrafftKukaUlberetal.2022,
  author    = {Krafft, Simone and Kuka, Katrin and Ulber, Roland and Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils},
  title     = {Utilization of Lolium perenne varieties as a renewable substrate for single-cell proteins, lactate, and composite materials},
  series = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik},
  volume    = {94},
  journal   = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {0009-286X},
  doi       = {10.1002/cite.202255306},
  pages     = {1303 -- 1304},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) is aproductive and high-quality forage grass indigenous to Southern Europe, temperate Asia, and North Africa. Nowadays it is widespread and the dominant grass species on green areas in temperate climates. This abundant source of biomass is suitable for the development of bioeconomic processes because of its high cellulose and water-soluble carbohydrate content. In this work, novel breeds of the perennial ryegrass are being examined with regards to their quality parameters and biotechnological utilization options within the context of bioeconomy. Three processing operations are presented. In the first process, the perennial ryegrass is pretreated by pressing or hydrothermal extraction to derive glucosevia subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. A yield of up to 82 \% glucose was achieved when using the hydrothermal ex-traction as pretreatment. In a second process, the ryegrass is used to produce lactic acid in high concentrations. The influence of the growth conditions and the cutting time on the carboxylic acid yield is investigated. A yield of lactic acid of above 150 g kg⁻¹ dry matter was achieved. The third process is to use Lolium perenne as a substrate in the fermentation of K. marxianus for the microbial production of single-cell proteins. The perennial ryegrass is screw-pressed and the press juice is used as medium. When supplementing the press juice with yeast media components, a biomass concentration of up to 16 g L⁻¹ could be achieved.},
  language  = {en}
}