@article{Stulpe2020, author = {Stulpe, Werner}, title = {Pairwise coexistence of effects versus coexistence}, series = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, volume = {1638}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, number = {012004}, publisher = {IOP}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1742-6596}, doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/1638/1/012004}, pages = {1 -- 21}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StrieganStruthDickhoffetal.2019, author = {Striegan, Constantin J. D. and Struth, Benjamin and Dickhoff, Jens and Kusterer, Karsten and Funke, Harald and Bohn, Dieter}, title = {Numerical Simulations of the Micromix DLN Hydrogen Combustion Technology with LES and Comparison to Results of RANS and Experimental Data}, series = {Proceedings of International Gas Turbine Congress 2019 Tokyo, November 17-22, 2019, Tokyo, Japan.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Gas Turbine Congress 2019 Tokyo, November 17-22, 2019, Tokyo, Japan.}, isbn = {978-4-89111-010-9}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StrieganHajAyedFunkeetal.2017, author = {Striegan, C. and Haj Ayed, A. and Funke, Harald and Loechle, S. and Kazari, M. and Horikawa, A. and Okada, K. and Koga, K.}, title = {Numerical combustion and heat transfer simulations and validation for a hydrogen fueled "micromix" test combustor in industrial gas turbine applications}, series = {Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo}, number = {Volume Part F130041-4B, 2017}, isbn = {978-079185085-5}, doi = {10.1115/GT2017-64719}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @incollection{StriebingMuellerSchraudneretal.2022, author = {Striebing, Clemens and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Schraudner, Martina and Gewinner, Irina Valerie and Guerrero Morales, Patricia and Hochfeld, Katharina and Hoffman, Shekinah and Kmec, Julie A. and Nguyen, Huu Minh and Schneider, Jannick and Sheridan, Jennifer and Steuer-Dankert, Linda and Trimble O'Connor, Lindsey and Vandevelde-Rougale, Agn{\`e}s}, title = {Promoting diversity and combatting discrimination in research organizations: a practitioner's guide}, series = {Diversity and discrimination in research organizations}, booktitle = {Diversity and discrimination in research organizations}, publisher = {Emerald Publishing Limited}, address = {Bingley}, isbn = {978-1-80117-959-1 (Print)}, doi = {10.1108/978-1-80117-956-020221012}, pages = {421 -- 442}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The essay is addressed to practitioners in research management and from academic leadership. It describes which measures can contribute to creating an inclusive climate for research teams and preventing and effectively dealing with discrimination. The practical recommendations consider the policy and organizational levels, as well as the individual perspective of research managers. Following a series of basic recommendations, six lessons learned are formulated, derived from the contributions to the edited collection on "Diversity and Discrimination in Research Organizations."}, language = {en} } @article{StreunLarueParletal.2009, author = {Streun, M. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {A compact PET detector readout using charge-to-time conversion}, series = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)}, journal = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, isbn = {1082-3654}, pages = {1868 -- 1870}, year = {2009}, abstract = {The readout of gamma detectors is considerably simplified when the event intensity is encoded as a pulse width (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM). Time-to-Digital-Converters (TDC) replace the conventional ADCs and multiple TDCs can be realized easily in one PLD chip (Programmable Logic Device). The output of a PWM stage is only one digital signal per channel which is well suited for transport so that further processing can be performed apart from the detector. This is particularly interesting for large systems with high channel density (e.g. high resolution scanners). In this work we present a circuit with a linear transfer function that requires a minimum of components by performing the PWM already in the preamp stage. This allows a very compact and also cost-efficient implementation of the front-end electronics.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunChristHellendungetal.2005, author = {Streun, M. and Christ, D. and Hellendung, A. and Larue, H. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.}, title = {Effects of crosstalk and gain nonuniformity using multichannel PMTs in the Clearpet® scanner}, series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, volume = {537}, journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, number = {1-2}, isbn = {0168-9002}, pages = {402 -- 405}, year = {2005}, abstract = {The ClearPET® scanners developed by the Crystal Clear Collaboration use multichannel PMTs as photodetectors with scintillator pixels coupled individually to each channel. In order to localize an event each channel anode is connected to a comparator that triggers when the anode signal exceeds a common predefined threshold. Two major difficulties here are crosstalk of light and the gain nonuniformity of the PMT channels. Crosstalk can generate false triggering in channels adjacent to the actual event. On the one hand this can be suppressed by sufficiently increasing the threshold, but on the other hand a threshold too high can already prevent valid events on the lower gain channels from being detected. Finally, both effects restrict the dynamic range of pulse heights that can be processed. The requirements to the dynamic range are not low as the ClearPET® scanners detect the depth of interaction by phoswich pixels consisting of LSO and Lu0.7Y0.3AP, two scintillators with different light yields. We will present a model to estimate the achievable dynamic range and show solutions to increase it.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunChavanLameetal.2006, author = {Streun, M. and Chavan, U. and Lame, H. and Parl, C. and M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {Treating the Gain Non-Uniformity of Multi Channel PMTs by Channel-Specific Trigger Levels}, series = {2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2.}, journal = {2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2.}, address = {San Diego, CA}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {1301 -- 1304}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2000, author = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.}, title = {Pulse recording by free-running sampling}, series = {2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2}, journal = {2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {9/179 -- 9/181}, year = {2000}, abstract = {Pulses from a position-sensitive photomultiplier (PS-PMT) are recorded by free running ADCs at a sampling rate of 40 MHz. A four-channel acquisition-board has been developed which is equipped with four 12 bit-ADCs connected to one FPGA (field programmable gate array). The FPGA manages data acquisition and the transfer to the host computer. It can also work as a digital trigger, so a separate hardware-trigger can be omitted. The method of free running sampling provides a maximum of information, besides the pulse charge and amplitude also pulse shape and starting time are contained in the sampled data. These informations are crucial for many tasks such as distinguishing between different scintillator materials, determination of radiation type, pile-up recovery, coincidence detection or time-of-flight applications. The absence of an analog integrator allows coping with very high count rates. Since this method is going to be employed in positron emission tomography (PET), the position of an event is another important information. The simultaneous readout of four channels allows localization by means of center-of-gravity weighting. First results from a test setup with LSO-scintillators coupled to the PS-PMT are presented}, language = {en} } @article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2001, author = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.}, title = {Pulse recording by free-running sampling}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, volume = {48}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, number = {3}, isbn = {0018-9499}, pages = {524 -- 526}, year = {2001}, abstract = {Pulses from a position-sensitive photomultiplier (PS-PMT) are recorded by free-running ADCs at a sampling rate of 40 MHz. A four-channel acquisition board has been developed which is equipped with four 12-bit ADCs connected to one field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA manages data acquisition and the transfer to the host computer. It can also work as a digital trigger, so a separate hardware trigger can be omitted. The method of free-running sampling provides a maximum of information, besides the pulse charge and amplitude also pulse shape and starting time are contained in the sampled data. This information is crucial for many tasks such as distinguishing between different scintillator materials, determination of radiation type, pile-up recovery, coincidence detection or time-of-flight applications. The absence of an analog integrator allows very high count rates to be dealt with. Since this method is to be employed in positron emission tomography (PET), the position of an event is also important. The simultaneous readout of four channels allows localization by means of center-of-gravity weighting. First results from a test setup with LSO scintillators coupled to the PS-PMT are presented here}, language = {en} } @article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2002, author = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.}, title = {A PET system with free running ADCs}, series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, volume = {486}, journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, number = {1-2}, issn = {0168-9002}, pages = {18 -- 21}, year = {2002}, abstract = {A small PET system has been built up with two multichannel photomultipliers, which are attached to a matrix of 64 single LSO crystals each. The signal from each multiplier is being sampled continuously by a 12 bit ADC at a sampling frequency of 40 MHz. In case of a scintillation pulse a subsequent FPGA sends the corresponding set of samples together with the channel information and a time mark to the host computer. The data transfer is performed with a rate of 20 MB/s. On the host all necessary information is extracted from the data. The pulse energy is determined, coincident events are detected and multiple hits within one matrix can be identified. In order to achieve a narrow time window the pulse starting time is refined further than the resolution of the time mark (=25 ns) would allow. This is possible by interpolating between the pulse samples. First data obtained from this system will be presented. The system is part of developments for a much larger system and has been created to study the feasibility and performance of the technique and the hardware architecture.}, language = {en} }