@article{FunkeBeckmannAbanteriba2019,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Beckmann, Nils and Abanteriba, Sylvester},
  title     = {An overview on dry low NOx micromix combustor development for hydrogen-rich gas turbine applications},
  series = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
  number    = {13},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0360-3199},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.161},
  pages     = {6978 -- 6990},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeEschRoosen2022,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Esch, Thomas and Roosen, Petra},
  title     = {Antriebssystemanpassungen zur Verwendung von LPG als Flugkraftstoff},
  series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ)},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ)},
  number    = {83},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.1007/s35146-021-0778-2},
  pages     = {58 -- 62},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Auch in der allgemeinen Luftfahrt w{\"a}re es w{\"u}nschenswert, die bereits vorhandenen Verbrennungsmotoren mit weniger CO₂-tr{\"a}chtigen Kraftstoffen als dem heute weit verbreiteten Avgas 100LL betreiben zu k{\"o}nnen. Es ist anzunehmen, dass im Vergleich die unter Normalbedingungen gasf{\"o}rmigen Kraftstoffe CNG, LPG oder LNG deutlich weniger Emissionen produzieren. Erforderliche Antriebssystemanpassungen wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts an der FH Aachen untersucht.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EschFunkeRoosenetal.2011,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Funke, Harald and Roosen, Peter and Jarolimek, Ulrich},
  title     = {Biogene Automobilkraftstoffe in der allgemeinen Luftfahrt},
  series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ).},
  volume    = {72},
  journal   = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ).},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Basel},
  isbn      = {0024-8525},
  doi       = {10.1365/s35146-011-0013-7},
  pages     = {54 -- 59},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EschFunkeRoosenetal.2011,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Funke, Harald and Roosen, Peter and Jarolimek, Ulrich},
  title     = {Biogenic Vehicle Fuels in General Aviation Aircrafts},
  series = {MTZ worldwide. 72 (2011), H. 1},
  journal   = {MTZ worldwide. 72 (2011), H. 1},
  publisher = {Springer Automotive Media},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  pages     = {38 -- 43},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AyedKustererFunkeetal.2017,
  author    = {Ayed, Anis Haj and Kusterer, Karsten and Funke, Harald and Keinz, Jan and Bohn, D.},
  title     = {CFD based exploration of the dry-low-NOx hydrogen micromix combustion technology at increased energy densities},
  series = {Propulsion and Power Research},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Propulsion and Power Research},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {2212-540X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jppr.2017.01.005},
  pages     = {15 -- 24},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AyedKustererFunkeetal.2016,
  author    = {Ayed, Anis Haj and Kusterer, Karsten and Funke, Harald and Keinz, Jan},
  title     = {CFD Based Improvement of the DLN Hydrogen Micromix Combustion Technology at Increased Energy Densities},
  series = {American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {GSSRR},
  issn      = {2313-4402},
  pages     = {290 -- 303},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, Hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel within future low emission power generation. Due to the large difference in the physical properties of Hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas, well established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied for Dry Low NOx (DLN) Hydrogen combustion. Thus, the development of DLN combustion technologies is an essential and challenging task for the future of Hydrogen fuelled gas turbines. The DLN Micromix combustion principle for hydrogen fuel has been developed to significantly reduce NOx-emissions. This combustion principle is based on cross-flow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen which reacts in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type flames. The major advantages of this combustion principle are the inherent safety against flash-back and the low NOx-emissions due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region of the micro-flames. The Micromix Combustion technology has been already proven experimentally and numerically for pure Hydrogen fuel operation at different energy density levels. The aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of different geometry parameter variations on the flame structure and the NOx emission and to identify the most relevant design parameters, aiming to provide a physical understanding of the Micromix flame sensitivity to the burner design and identify further optimization potential of this innovative combustion technology while increasing its energy density and making it mature enough for real gas turbine application. The study reveals great optimization potential of the Micromix Combustion technology with respect to the DLN characteristics and gives insight into the impact of geometry modifications on flame structure and NOx emission. This allows to further increase the energy density of the Micromix burners and to integrate this technology in industrial gas turbines.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeBeckmannKeinzetal.2016,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Beckmann, Nils and Keinz, Jan and Abanteriba, Sylvester},
  title     = {Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-NOx-Micromix-Combustion},
  series = {ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions Seoul, South Korea, June 13-17, 2016},
  journal   = {ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions Seoul, South Korea, June 13-17, 2016},
  publisher = {ASME},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  isbn      = {978-0-7918-4975-0},
  doi       = {10.1115/GT2016-56430},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The Dry-Low-NOₓ (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing. Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOₓ emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. In the Micromix research approach, CFD analyses are validated towards experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOₓ emissions. The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort. For pure hydrogen combustion a one-step global reaction is applied using a hybrid Eddy-Break-up model that incorporates finite rate kinetics. The model is evaluated and compared to a detailed hydrogen combustion mechanism derived by Li et al. including 9 species and 19 reversible elementary reactions. Based on this mechanism, reduction of the computational effort is achieved by applying the Flamelet Generated Manifolds (FGM) method while the accuracy of the detailed reaction scheme is maintained. For hydrogen-rich syngas combustion (H₂-CO) numerical analyses based on a skeletal H₂/CO reaction mechanism derived by Hawkes et al. and a detailed reaction mechanism provided by Ranzi et al. are performed. The comparison between combustion models and the validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors. The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The Flamelet Generated Manifolds method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry. Especially for reaction mechanisms with a high number of species accuracy and computational effort can be balanced using the FGM model.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeBeckmannKeinzetal.2018,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Beckmann, Nils and Keinz, Jan and Abanteriba, Sylvester},
  title     = {Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-Nox-Micromix-Combustion},
  series = {Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power},
  volume    = {140},
  journal   = {Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {ASME},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {0742-4795},
  doi       = {10.1115/1.4038882},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The Dry-Low-NOx (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing (JICF). Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOx emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. In the Micromix research approach, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses are validated toward experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOx emissions. The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort. The performance of a hybrid eddy-break-up (EBU) model with a one-step global reaction is compared to a complex chemistry model and a flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) model, both using detailed reaction schemes for hydrogen or syngas combustion. Validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors. The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The FGM method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeBoernerFalketal.2011,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and B{\"o}rner, Sebastian and Falk, F. and Hendrick, P.},
  title     = {Control system modifications and their effects on the operation of a hydrogen-fueled Auxiliary Power Unit},
  series = {XX international symposium on air breathing engines 2011 : ISABE 2011, Gothenburg, Sweden, 12-16 September, 2011. Vol. 2.},
  journal   = {XX international symposium on air breathing engines 2011 : ISABE 2011, Gothenburg, Sweden, 12-16 September, 2011. Vol. 2.},
  publisher = {American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics},
  address   = {Reston, VA},
  isbn      = {9781618391803},
  pages     = {929 -- 938},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoernerFunkeHendricketal.2010,
  author    = {B{\"o}rner, Sebastian and Funke, Harald and Hendrick, P. and Recker, E.},
  title     = {Control system modifications for a hydrogen fuelled gas-turbine},
  series = {ISROMAC 13, 13th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery, Honolulu, HI, US, Apr 4-7, 2010},
  journal   = {ISROMAC 13, 13th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery, Honolulu, HI, US, Apr 4-7, 2010},
  publisher = {Curran},
  address   = {Red Hook, NY},
  isbn      = {978-1-617-38848-4},
  pages     = {665 -- 670},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}