@article{OezsoyluKizildagSchoeningetal.2019,
  author    = {{\"O}zsoylu, Dua and Kizildag, Sefa and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Wagner, Torsten},
  title     = {Effect of plasma treatment on the sensor properties of a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS)},
  series = {physica status solidi a : applications and materials sciences},
  volume    = {216},
  journal   = {physica status solidi a : applications and materials sciences},
  number    = {20},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1862-6319},
  doi       = {10.1002/pssa.201900259},
  pages     = {8 Seiten},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a field-effect-based (bio-) chemical sensor, in which a desired sensing area on the sensor surface can be defined by illumination. Light addressability can be used to visualize the concentration and spatial distribution of the target molecules, e.g., H+ ions. This unique feature has great potential for the label-free imaging of the metabolic activity of living organisms. The cultivation of those organisms needs specially tailored surface properties of the sensor. O2 plasma treatment is an attractive and promising tool for rapid surface engineering. However, the potential impacts of the technique are carefully investigated for the sensors that suffer from plasma-induced damage. Herein, a LAPS with a Ta2O5 pH-sensitive surface is successfully patterned by plasma treatment, and its effects are investigated by contact angle and scanning LAPS measurements. The plasma duration of 30 s (30 W) is found to be the threshold value, where excessive wettability begins. Furthermore, this treatment approach causes moderate plasma-induced damage, which can be reduced by thermal annealing (10 min at 300 °C). These findings provide a useful guideline to support future studies, where the LAPS surface is desired to be more hydrophilic by O2 plasma treatment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ArreolaKeusgenSchoening2017,
  author    = {Arreola, Julio and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Effect of O2 plasma on properties of electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor structures},
  series = {physica status solidi a : applications and materials sciences},
  volume    = {214},
  journal   = {physica status solidi a : applications and materials sciences},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1862-6319},
  doi       = {10.1002/pssa.201700025},
  pages     = {Artikel 1700025},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Prior to immobilization of biomolecules or cells onto biosensor surfaces, the surface must be physically or chemically activated for further functionalization. Organosilanes are a versatile option as they facilitate the immobilization through their terminal groups and also display self-assembly. Incorporating hydroxyl groups is one of the important methods for primary immobilization. This can be done, for example, with oxygen plasma treatment. However, this treatment can affect the performance of the biosensors and this effect is not quite well understood for surface functionalization. In this work, the effect of O2 plasma treatment on EIS sensors was investigated by means of electrochemical characterizations: capacitance-voltage (C-V) and constant capacitance (ConCap) measurements. After O2 plasma treatment, the potential of the EIS sensor dramatically shifts to a more negative value. This was successfully reset by using an annealing process.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbulnagaPinkenburgSchiffelsetal.2013,
  author    = {Abulnaga, El-Hussiny and Pinkenburg, Olaf and Schiffels, Johannes and E-Refai, Ahmed and Buckel, Wolfgang and Selmer, Thorsten},
  title     = {Effect of an Oxygen-Tolerant Bifurcating Butyryl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase/Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein Complex from Clostridium difficile on Butyrate Production in Escherichia coli},
  series = {Journal of bacteriology},
  volume    = {195},
  journal   = {Journal of bacteriology},
  number    = {16},
  issn      = {1098-5530 [E-Journal]},
  pages     = {3704 -- 3713},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpelthahnSchubertSchoening2012,
  author    = {Spelthahn, Heiko and Schubert, J{\"u}rgen and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {D{\"u}nnschichtsensoren f{\"u}r die Schwermetallanalytik : Mikroelektroden auf Chalkogenidglasbasis},
  series = {GIT Labor-Fachzeitschrift},
  journal   = {GIT Labor-Fachzeitschrift},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  pages     = {285 -- 287},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die Detektion von Schadstoffen repr{\"a}sentiert in der Umweltanalytik eine wichtige Aufgabenstellung. Gerade die Abwasser- bzw. Brauchwasseranalytik sowie die Prozesskontrolle haben einen hohen Stellenwert. Siliziumbasierte D{\"u}nnschichtsensoren bieten eine kosteng{\"u}nstige M{\"o}glichkeit, „online"-Messungen bzw. Vor-Ort-Messungen zeitnah durchzuf{\"u}hren. In dieser Arbeit wird ein potentiometrisches Sensorarray auf der Basis von Chalkogenidgl{\"a}sern zur Detektion von Schwermetallen in w{\"a}ssrigen Medien vorgestellt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SpelthahnSchubertSchoening2012,
  author    = {Spelthahn, Heiko and Schubert, J{\"u}rgen and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {D{\"u}nnschichtsensoren f{\"u}r die Schwermetallanalytik},
  series = {GIT : Labor-Fachzeitschrift},
  volume    = {56},
  journal   = {GIT : Labor-Fachzeitschrift},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {0016-3538},
  pages     = {285 -- 287},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die Detektion von Schadstoffen repr{\"a}sentiert in der Umweltanalytik eine wichtige Aufgabenstellung. Gerade die Abwasser- bzw. Brauchwasseranalytik sowie die Prozesskontrolle haben einen hohen Stellenwert. Siliziumbasierte D{\"u}nnschichtsensoren bieten eine kosteng{\"u}nstige M{\"o}glichkeit, „online"-Messungen bzw. Vor-Ort-Messungen zeitnah durchzuf{\"u}hren. In dieser Arbeit wird ein potentiometrisches Sensorarray auf der Basis von Chalkogenidgl{\"a}sern zur Detektion von Schwermetallen in w{\"a}ssrigen Medien vorgestellt.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningWangKrauseetal.2002,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Wang, Josepf and Krause, Robin and Block, Kirstin and Musameh, Mustafa and Mulchandani, Ashok and Mulchandani, Priti and Chen, Wilfred},
  title     = {Dual amperometric-potentiometric biosensor detection system for monitoring organophosphorus neurotoxins},
  series = {Analyica Chimica Acta. 469 (2002), H. 2},
  journal   = {Analyica Chimica Acta. 469 (2002), H. 2},
  isbn      = {0378-4304},
  pages     = {197 -- 203},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BronderPoghossianSchejaetal.2015,
  author    = {Bronder, Thomas and Poghossian, Arshak and Scheja, Sabrina and Wu, Chunsheng and Keusgen, Michael and Mewes, Dieter and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {DNA Immobilization and Hybridization Detection by the Intrinsic Molecular Charge Using Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors Modified with a Charged Weak Polyelectrolyte Layer},
  series = {Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington, DC},
  doi       = {10.1021/acsami.5b05146},
  pages     = {20068 -- 20075},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Miniaturized setup, compatibility with advanced micro- and nanotechnologies, and ability to detect biomolecules by their intrinsic molecular charge favor the semiconductor field-effect platform as one of the most attractive approaches for the development of label-free DNA chips. In this work, a capacitive field-effect EIS (electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor) sensor covered with a layer-by-layer prepared, positively charged weak polyelectrolyte layer of PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) was used for the label-free electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization. The negatively charged probe single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules were electrostatically adsorbed onto the positively charged PAH layer, resulting in a preferentially flat orientation of the ssDNA molecules within the Debye length, thus yielding a reduced charge-screening effect and a higher sensor signal. Each sensor-surface modification step (PAH adsorption, probe ssDNA immobilization, hybridization with complementary target DNA (cDNA), reducing an unspecific adsorption by a blocking agent, incubation with noncomplementary DNA (ncDNA) solution) was monitored by means of capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance measurements. In addition, the surface morphology of the PAH layer was studied by atomic force microscopy and contact-angle measurements. High hybridization signals of 34 and 43 mV were recorded in low-ionic strength solutions of 10 and 1 mM, respectively. In contrast, a small signal of 4 mV was recorded in the case of unspecific adsorption of fully mismatched ncDNA. The density of probe ssDNA and dsDNA molecules as well as the hybridization efficiency was estimated using the experimentally measured DNA immobilization and hybridization signals and a simplified double-layer capacitor model. The results of field-effect experiments were supported by fluorescence measurements, verifying the DNA-immobilization and hybridization event.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GamellaZakharchenkoGuzetal.2017,
  author    = {Gamella, Maria and Zakharchenko, Andrey and Guz, Nataliia and Masi, Madeline and Minko, Sergiy and Kolpashchikov, Dmitry M. and Iken, Heiko and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Katz, Evgeny},
  title     = {DNA computing system activated by electrochemically triggered DNA realease from a polymer-brush-modified electrode array},
  series = {Electroanalysis},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Electroanalysis},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1521-4109},
  doi       = {10.1002/elan.201600389},
  pages     = {398 -- 408},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {An array of four independently wired indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes was used for electrochemically stimulated DNA release and activation of DNA-based Identity, AND and XOR logic gates. Single-stranded DNA molecules were loaded on the mixed poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brush covalently attached to the ITO electrodes. The DNA deposition was performed at pH 5.0 when the polymer brush is positively charged due to protonation of tertiary amino groups in PDMAEMA, thus resulting in electrostatic attraction of the negatively charged DNA. By applying electrolysis at -1.0 V(vs. Ag/AgCl reference) electrochemical oxygen reduction resulted in the consumption of hydrogen ions and local pH increase near the electrode surface. The process resulted in recharging the polymer brush to the negative state due to dissociation of carboxylic groups of PMAA, thus repulsing the negatively charged DNA and releasing it from the electrode surface. The DNA release was performed in various combinations from different electrodes in the array assembly. The released DNA operated as input signals for activation of the Boolean logic gates. The developed system represents a step forward in DNA computing, combining for the first time DNA chemical processes with electronic input signals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BongaertsEsserLorbachetal.2011,
  author    = {Bongaerts, Johannes and Esser, Simon and Lorbach, Volker and Al-Momani, L{\´o}ay and M{\"u}ller, Michael A. and Franke, Dirk and Grondal, Christoph and Kurutsch, Anja and Bujnicki, Robert and Takors, Ralf and Raeven, Leon and Wubbolts, Marcel and Bovenberg, Roel and Nieger, Martin and Sch{\"u}rmann, Melanie and Trachtmann, Natalie and Kozak, Stefan and Sprenger, Georg A. and M{\"u}ller, Michael},
  title     = {Diversity-oriented production of metabolites derived from chorismate and their use in organic synthesis},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  volume    = {Vol. 50},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  number    = {Iss. 34},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1521-3773 (E-Journal); 0570-0833 (Print); 1433-7851 (Print)},
  pages     = {7781 -- 7786},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningKloockKnobbeetal.2004,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Kloock, Joachim P. and Knobbe, D.-T. and Krause, R. and Block, K. and Wang, J. and Mulchandani, A. and Keusgen, M.},
  title     = {Direktnachweis von Pestiziden und Cyanid mit elektrochemischen Enzymsensoren},
  series = {Sensoren und Messsysteme 2004 : Tagung Ludwigsburg, 15. und 16. M{\"a}rz 2004 / VDI-VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik},
  journal   = {Sensoren und Messsysteme 2004 : Tagung Ludwigsburg, 15. und 16. M{\"a}rz 2004 / VDI-VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik},
  publisher = {VDI},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {3-18-091829-2},
  pages     = {699 -- 706},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}