@article{StreeseKotliarDeiserothetal.2020, author = {Streese, Lukas and Kotliar, Konstantin and Deiseroth, Arne and Infanger, Denis and Gugleta, Konstantin and Schmaderer, Christoph and Hanssen, Henner}, title = {Retinal endothelial function in cardiovascular risk patients: A randomized controlled exercise trial}, series = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports}, volume = {30}, journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1600-0838}, doi = {10.1111/sms.13560}, pages = {272 -- 280}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on retinal microvascular endothelial function in cardiovascular (CV) risk patients. In the randomized controlled trial, middle-aged and previously sedentary patients with increased CV risk (aged 58 ± 6 years) with ≥ two CV risk factors were randomized into a 12-week HIIT (n = 33) or control group (CG, n = 36) with standard physical activity recommendations. A blinded examiner measured retinal endothelial function by flicker light-induced maximal arteriolar (ADmax) and venular (VDmax) dilatation as well as the area under the arteriolar (AFarea) and venular (VFarea) flicker curve using a retinal vessel analyzer. Standardized assessments of CV risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness, and retinal endothelial function were performed before and after HIIT. HIIT reduced body mass index, fat mass, and low-density lipoprotein and increased muscle mass and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Both ADmax (pre: 2.7 ± 2.1\%, post: 3.0 ± 2.2\%, P = .018) and AFarea (pre: 32.6 ± 28.4\%*s, post: 37.7 ± 30.6\%*s, P = .016) increased after HIIT compared with CG (ADmax, pre: 3.2 ± 1.8\%, post: 2.9 ± 1.8\%, P = .254; AFarea, pre: 41.6 ± 28.5\%*s, post: 37.8 ± 27.0\%*s, P = .186). Venular function remained unchanged after HIIT. There was a significant association between ∆-change VO2peak and ∆-changes ADmax and AFarea (P = .026, R² = 0.073; P = .019, R² = 0.081, respectively). 12-weeks of HIIT improved retinal endothelial function in middle-aged patients with increased CV risk independent of the reduction in classical CV risk factors. Exercise has the potential to reverse or at least postpone progression of small vessel disease in older adults with increased CV risk under standard medication. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis seems to be a sensitive tool to detect treatment effects of exercise interventions on retinal microvascular endothelial function in middle-aged individuals with increased CV risk.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LorenzAltherrPelz2020, author = {Lorenz, Imke-Sophie and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F.}, title = {Resilience enhancement of critical infrastructure - graph-theoretical resilience analysis of the water distribution system in the German city of Darmstadt}, series = {14th WCEAM Proceedings}, booktitle = {14th WCEAM Proceedings}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-64228-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-64228-0_13}, pages = {137 -- 149}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Water suppliers are faced with the great challenge of achieving high-quality and, at the same time, low-cost water supply. Since climatic and demographic influences will pose further challenges in the future, the resilience enhancement of water distribution systems (WDS), i.e. the enhancement of their capability to withstand and recover from disturbances, has been in particular focus recently. To assess the resilience of WDS, graph-theoretical metrics have been proposed. In this study, a promising approach is first physically derived analytically and then applied to assess the resilience of the WDS for a district in a major German City. The topology based resilience index computed for every consumer node takes into consideration the resistance of the best supply path as well as alternative supply paths. This resistance of a supply path is derived to be the dimensionless pressure loss in the pipes making up the path. The conducted analysis of a present WDS provides insight into the process of actively influencing the resilience of WDS locally and globally by adding pipes. The study shows that especially pipes added close to the reservoirs and main branching points in the WDS result in a high resilience enhancement of the overall WDS.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{IomdinaKiselevaKotliaretal.2020, author = {Iomdina, Elena N. and Kiseleva, Anna A. and Kotliar, Konstantin and Luzhnov, Petr V.}, title = {Quantification of Choroidal Blood Flow Using the OCT-A System Based on Voxel Scan Processing}, series = {2020 International Conference on Biomedical Innovations and Applications (BIA)}, booktitle = {2020 International Conference on Biomedical Innovations and Applications (BIA)}, isbn = {978-1-7281-7073-2}, doi = {10.1109/BIA50171.2020.9244511}, pages = {41 -- 44}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{RaffeisAdjeiKyeremehVroomenetal.2020, author = {Raffeis, Iris and Adjei-Kyeremeh, Frank and Vroomen, Uwe and Westhoff, Elmar and Bremen, Sebastian and Hohoi, Alexandru and B{\"u}hrig-Polaczek, Andreas}, title = {Qualification of a Ni-Cu alloy for the laser powder bed fusion process (LPBF): Its microstructure and mechanical properties}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {10}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {Art. 3401}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app10103401}, pages = {1 -- 15}, year = {2020}, abstract = {As researchers continue to seek the expansion of the material base for additive manufacturing, there is a need to focus attention on the Ni-Cu group of alloys which conventionally has wide industrial applications. In this work, the G-NiCu30Nb casting alloy, a variant of the Monel family of alloys with Nb and high Si content is, for the first time, processed via the laser powder bed fusion process (LPBF). Being novel to the LPBF processes, optimum LPBF parameters were determined, and hardness and tensile tests were performed in as-built conditions and after heat treatment at 1000 °C. Microstructures of the as-cast and the as-built condition were compared. Highly dense samples (99.8\% density) were achieved after varying hatch distance (80 µm and 140 µm) with scanning speed (550 mm/s-1500 mm/s). There was no significant difference in microhardness between varied hatch distance print sets. Microhardness of the as-built condition (247 HV0.2) exceeded the as-cast microhardness (179 HV0.2.). Tensile specimens built in vertical (V) and horizontal (H) orientations revealed degrees of anisotropy and were superior to conventionally reported figures. Post heat treatment increased ductility from 20\% to 31\% (V), as well as from 16\% to 25\% (H), while ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) were considerably reduced.}, language = {en} } @article{TippkoetterRoth2020, author = {Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils and Roth, Jasmine}, title = {Purified Butanol from Lignocellulose - Solvent-Impregnated Resins for an Integrated Selective Removal}, series = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, volume = {92}, journal = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1522-2640}, doi = {10.1002/cite.202000200}, pages = {1741 -- 1751}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In traditional microbial biobutanol production, the solvent must be recovered during fermentation process for a sufficient space-time yield. Thermal separation is not feasible due to the boiling point of n-butanol. As an integrated and selective solid-liquid separation alternative, solvent impregnated resins (SIRs) were applied. Two polymeric resins were evaluated and an extractant screening was conducted. Vacuum application with vapor collection in fixed-bed column as bioreactor bypass was successfully implemented as butanol desorption step. In course of further increasing process economics, fermentation with renewable lignocellulosic substrates was conducted using Clostridium acetobutylicum. Utilization of SIR was shown to be a potential strategy for solvent removal from fermentation broth, while application of a bypass column allows for product removal and recovery at once.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SavitskayaKistaubayevaAkimbekovetal.2020, author = {Savitskaya, Irina S. and Kistaubayeva, Aida S. and Akimbekov, Nuraly and Digel, Ilya and Shokatayeva, Dina and Zhubanova, Azhar Achmet}, title = {Prospective Use of Probiotics Immobilized on Sorbents with Nanostructured Surfaces}, series = {Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine and the Environment}, booktitle = {Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine and the Environment}, publisher = {Jenny Stanford Publishing}, address = {Singapore}, isbn = {978-981-4800-27-3}, doi = {10.1201/9780429428647-12}, pages = {229 -- 267}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Activated carbons are known as excellent adsorbents. Their applications include the adsorptive removal of color, odor, taste, undesirable organic and inorganic pollutants from drinking and waste water; air purification in inhabited spaces; purification of many chemicals, pharmaceutical products and many others. This chapter elucidates the role of normal microflora in the maintenance of human health and presents materials on possible clinical displays of microecological infringements and ways of their correction. It presents new developments concerning new probiotics with immobilized Lactobacillus and Bacillus. The chapter considers the mechanisms of the intestine disbacteriosis correction by sorbed probiotics. It demonstrates the advantages and creation prospects of immobilized probiotics developed on the basis of carbonized rice husk. There are great prospects for the development of medical biotechnology due to use of carbon sorbents with a nanostructured surface. Microbial communities form a biocenosis of the biotope and together with the host organism create permanent or temporary ecosystems.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HippeFingerGoettenetal.2020, author = {Hippe, Jonas and Finger, Felix and G{\"o}tten, Falk and Braun, Carsten}, title = {Propulsion System Qualification of a 25 kg VTOL-UAV: Hover Performance of Single and Coaxial Rotors and Wind-Tunnel Experiments on Cruise Propellers}, series = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress - DLRK 2020}, booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress - DLRK 2020}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{RauschKahmannBaltschunetal.2020, author = {Rausch, Valentin and Kahmann, Stephanie Lucina and Baltschun, Christoph and Staat, Manfred and M{\"u}ller, Lars P. and Wegmann, Kilian}, title = {Pressure distribution to the distal biceps tendon at the radial tuberosity: a biomechanical study}, series = {The Journal of Hand Surgery}, volume = {45}, journal = {The Journal of Hand Surgery}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0363-5023}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.01.006}, pages = {776.e1 -- 776.e9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Purpose Mechanical impingement at the narrow radioulnar space of the tuberosity is believed to be an etiological factor in the injury of the distal biceps tendon. The aim of the study was to compare the pressure distribution at the proximal radioulnar space between 2 fixation techniques and the intact state. Methods Six right arms and 6 left arms from 5 female and 6 male frozen specimens were used for this study. A pressure transducer was introduced at the height of the radial tuberosity with the intact distal biceps tendon and after 2 fixation methods: the suture-anchor and the cortical button technique. The force (N), maximum pressure (kPa) applied to the radial tuberosity, and the contact area (mm²) of the radial tuberosity with the ulna were measured and differences from the intact tendon were detected from 60° supination to 60° pronation in 15° increments with the elbow in full extension and in 45° and 90° flexion of the elbow. Results With the distal biceps tendon intact, the pressures during pronation were similar regardless of extension and flexion and were the highest at 60° pronation with 90° elbow flexion (23.3 ± 53.5 kPa). After repair of the tendon, the mean peak pressure, contact area, and total force showed an increase regardless of the fixation technique. Highest peak pressures were found using the cortical button technique at 45° flexion of the elbow and 60° pronation. These differences were significantly different from the intact tendon. The contact area was significantly larger in full extension and 15°, 30°, and 60° pronation using the cortical button technique. Conclusions Pressures on the distal biceps tendon at the radial tuberosity increase during pronation, especially after repair of the tendon. Clinical relevance Mechanical impingement could play a role in both the etiology of primary distal biceps tendon ruptures and the complications occurring after fixation of the tendon using certain techniques.}, language = {en} } @article{GoettenFinger2020, author = {G{\"o}tten, Falk and Finger, Felix}, title = {PhoenAIX - Die modulare Transportdrohne}, series = {Ingenieurspiegel}, volume = {2020}, journal = {Ingenieurspiegel}, number = {1}, publisher = {Public Verlag}, address = {Bingen}, isbn = {1868-5919}, pages = {38 -- 40}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die autonome, unbemannte Luftfahrt ist einer der Schl{\"u}sselsektoren f{\"u}r die Zukunft der Luftfahrt. In diesem rasant wachsenden Bereich nehmen senkrecht startende und senkrecht landende Flugzeuge (Vertical Take-Off and Landing - VTOL) einen besonderen Platz ein. Ein VTOL-Flugzeug (manchmal auch „Transitionsflugger{\"a}t" genannt) verbindet die Eigenschaft des Helikopters, {\"u}berall starten und landen zu k{\"o}nnen, mit den Geschwindigkeits-, Reichweiten und Flugdauervorteilen des Starrfl{\"u}glers. Grunds{\"a}tzlich wird die Senkrechtstart- und -landef{\"a}higkeit sowohl von zivilen als auch von milit{\"a}rischen Betreibern unbemannter Flugger{\"a}te (UAVs) gew{\"u}nscht. Trotzdem bietet der Markt nur eine geringe Anzahl von VTOL-UAVs, da qualitativ hochwertige Entw{\"u}rfe eine ausgesprochene Herausforderung in der Entwicklung darstellen. An der FH Aachen wird deshalb seit {\"u}ber 5 Jahren an der Auslegung und Analyse von solchen unbemannten VTOL Flugzeugen geforscht. Das neuste Projekt ist der Eigenentwurf einer großen, senkrechtstartenden Transportdrohne. Das „PhoenAIX" getaufte Flugger{\"a}t wird von Falk G{\"o}tten und Felix Finger im Rahmen einer EFRE-F{\"o}rderung entwickelt.}, language = {de} } @article{NobisSchmittSchemmetal.2020, author = {Nobis, Moritz and Schmitt, Carlo and Schemm, Ralf and Schnettler, Armin}, title = {Pan-European CVAR-constrained stochastic unit commitment in day-ahead and intraday electricity markets}, series = {Energies}, volume = {13}, journal = {Energies}, number = {Art. 2339}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {10.3390/en13092339}, pages = {1 -- 35}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The fundamental modeling of energy systems through individual unit commitment decisions is crucial for energy system planning. However, current large-scale models are not capable of including uncertainties or even risk-averse behavior arising from forecasting errors of variable renewable energies. However, risks associated with uncertain forecasting errors have become increasingly relevant within the process of decarbonization. The intraday market serves to compensate for these forecasting errors. Thus, the uncertainty of forecasting errors results in uncertain intraday prices and quantities. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage risk-constrained stochastic optimization approach to fundamentally model unit commitment decisions facing an uncertain intraday market. By the nesting of Lagrangian relaxation and an extended Benders decomposition, this model can be applied to large-scale, e.g., pan-European, power systems. The approach is applied to scenarios for 2023—considering a full nuclear phase-out in Germany—and 2035—considering a full coal phase-out in Germany. First, the influence of the risk factors is evaluated. Furthermore, an evaluation of the market prices shows an increase in price levels as well as an increasing day-ahead-intraday spread in 2023 and in 2035. Finally, it is shown that intraday cross-border trading has a significant influence on trading volumes and prices and ensures a more efficient allocation of resources.}, language = {en} }