@misc{HezelFrauenrathRenzetal.2010,
  author    = {Hezel, Fabian and Frauenrath, Tobias and Renz, Wolfgang and Schulz-Menger, Jeanette and Niendorf, Thoralf},
  title     = {Feasibility of CINE Myocardial T2* Mapping Using Susceptibility Weighted Gradient-Echo Imaging at 7.0 T},
  series = {2010 ISMRM-ESMRMB joint annual meeting},
  journal   = {2010 ISMRM-ESMRMB joint annual meeting},
  issn      = {1545-4428},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {This study is designed to demonstrate the promise of susceptibility weighted 2D CINE FLASH and T2* Mapping of the heart at 7T.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{FrauenrathBeckerHezeletal.2010,
  author    = {Frauenrath, Tobias and Becker, Meike and Hezel, Fabian and Krombach, Gabriele A. and Kremer, Ute and Schulz-Menger, Jeanette and Niendorf, Thoralf},
  title     = {Comparison of Left Function Assessment Using Phonocardiogram and Electrocardiogram Triggered 2D SSFP CINE MR Imaging at 1.5 T and 3.0 T},
  series = {2010 ISMRM-ESMRMB joint annual meeting},
  journal   = {2010 ISMRM-ESMRMB joint annual meeting},
  issn      = {1545-4428},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {As high-field cardiac MRI (CMR) becomes more widespread the propensity of ECG to distortions and mistriggering increases and with it the motivation for a cardiac triggering alternative. Hence, this study explores the suitability of acoustic cardiac triggering (ACT) for left ventricular (LV) function assessment in healthy subjects at 1.5T and 3.0T.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{DieringerRenzLindeletal.2010,
  author    = {Dieringer, Matthias A. and Renz, Wolfgang and Lindel, Tomasz and Seifert, Frank and Frauenrath, Tobias and Waiczies, Helmar and von Knobelsdorff-Brenkhoff, Florian and Santoro, Davide and Hoffmann, Werner and Ittermann, Bernd and Schulz-Menger, Jeanette and Niendorf, Thoralf},
  title     = {4CH TX/RX Surface Coil for 7T: Design, Optimization and Application for Cardiac Function Imaging},
  series = {2010 ISMRM-ESMRMB joint annual meeting},
  journal   = {2010 ISMRM-ESMRMB joint annual meeting},
  issn      = {1545-4428},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Practical impediments of ultra high field cardiovascular MR (CVMR) can be catalogued in exacerbated magnetic field and radio frequency (RF) inhomogeneities, susceptibility and off-resonance effects, conductive and dielectric effects in tissue, and RF power deposition constraints, which all bear the potential to spoil the benefit of CVMR at 7T. Therefore, a four element cardiac transceive surface coil array was developed. Cardiac imaging provided clinically acceptable signal homogeneity with an excellent blood myocardium contrast. Subtle anatomic structures, such as pericardium, mitral and tricuspid valves and their apparatus, papillary muscles, and trabecles were accurately delineated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrauenrathHezelRenzetal.2010,
  author    = {Frauenrath, Tobias and Hezel, Fabian and Renz, Wolfgang and de Geyer d'Orth, Thibaut and Dieringer, Matthias and von Knobelsdorf-Brenkenhoff, Florian and Prothmann, Marcel and Schulz-Menger, Jeanette and Niendorf, Thoralf},
  title     = {Acoustic cardiac triggering: a practical solution for synchronization and gating of cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 7 Tesla},
  series = {Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1532-429X},
  doi       = {10.1186/1532-429X-12-67},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Background To demonstrate the applicability of acoustic cardiac triggering (ACT) for imaging of the heart at ultrahigh magnetic fields (7.0 T) by comparing phonocardiogram, conventional vector electrocardiogram (ECG) and traditional pulse oximetry (POX) triggered 2D CINE acquisitions together with (i) a qualitative image quality analysis, (ii) an assessment of the left ventricular function parameter and (iii) an examination of trigger reliability and trigger detection variance derived from the signal waveforms. Results ECG was susceptible to severe distortions at 7.0 T. POX and ACT provided waveforms free of interferences from electromagnetic fields or from magneto-hydrodynamic effects. Frequent R-wave mis-registration occurred in ECG-triggered acquisitions with a failure rate of up to 30\% resulting in cardiac motion induced artifacts. ACT and POX triggering produced images free of cardiac motion artefacts. ECG showed a severe jitter in the R-wave detection. POX also showed a trigger jitter of approximately Δt = 72 ms which is equivalent to two cardiac phases. ACT showed a jitter of approximately Δt = 5 ms only. ECG waveforms revealed a standard deviation for the cardiac trigger offset larger than that observed for ACT or POX waveforms. Image quality assessment showed that ACT substantially improved image quality as compared to ECG (image quality score at end-diastole: ECG = 1.7 ± 0.5, ACT = 2.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.04) while the comparison between ECG vs. POX gated acquisitions showed no significant differences in image quality (image quality score: ECG = 1.7 ± 0.5, POX = 2.0 ± 0.5, p = 0.34). Conclusions The applicability of acoustic triggering for cardiac CINE imaging at 7.0 T was demonstrated. ACT's trigger reliability and fidelity are superior to that of ECG and POX. ACT promises to be beneficial for cardiovascular magnetic resonance at ultra-high field strengths including 7.0 T.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{vonKnobelsdorfBrenkenhoffFrauenrathProthmannetal.2010,
  author    = {von Knobelsdorf-Brenkenhoff, Florian and Frauenrath, Tobias and Prothmann, Marcel and Dieringer, Matthias A. and Hezel, Fabian and Renz, Wolfgang and Kretschel, Kerstin and Niendorf, Thoralf and Schulz-Menger, Jeanette},
  title     = {Cardiac chamber quantification using magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla—a pilot study},
  volume    = {20},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0938-7994},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00330-010-1888-2},
  pages     = {2844 -- 2852},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Objectives Interest in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at 7 T is motivated by the expected increase in spatial and temporal resolution, but the method is technically challenging. We examined the feasibility of cardiac chamber quantification at 7 T. Methods A stack of short axes covering the left ventricle was obtained in nine healthy male volunteers. At 1.5 T, steady-state free precession (SSFP) and fast gradient echo (FGRE) cine imaging with 7 mm slice thickness (STH) were used. At 7 T, FGRE with 7 mm and 4 mm STH were applied. End-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, ejection fraction and mass were calculated. Results All 7 T examinations provided excellent blood/myocardium contrast for all slice directions. No significant difference was found regarding ejection fraction and cardiac volumes between SSFP at 1.5 T and FGRE at 7 T, while volumes obtained from FGRE at 1.5 T were underestimated. Cardiac mass derived from FGRE at 1.5 and 7 T was larger than obtained from SSFP at 1.5 T. Agreement of volumes and mass between SSFP at 1.5 T and FGRE improved for FGRE at 7 T when combined with an STH reduction to 4 mm. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates that cardiac chamber quantification at 7 T using FGRE is feasible and agrees closely with SSFP at 1.5 T.},
  language  = {en}
}