@article{EngelmannSimsekShalabyetal.2024,
  author    = {Engelmann, Ulrich M. and Simsek, Beril and Shalaby, Ahmed and Krause, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Key contributors to signal generation in frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD): an in silico study},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s24061945},
  pages     = {Artikel 1945},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) is a sensitive and selective technique to detect magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) serving as probes for binding biological targets. Its principle relies on the nonlinear magnetic relaxation dynamics of a particle ensemble interacting with a dual frequency external magnetic field. In order to increase its sensitivity, lower its limit of detection and overall improve its applicability in biosensing, matching combinations of external field parameters and internal particle properties are being sought to advance FMMD. In this study, we systematically probe the aforementioned interaction with coupled N{\´e}el-Brownian dynamic relaxation simulations to examine how key MNP properties as well as applied field parameters affect the frequency mixing signal generation. It is found that the core size of MNPs dominates their nonlinear magnetic response, with the strongest contributions from the largest particles. The drive field amplitude dominates the shape of the field-dependent response, whereas effective anisotropy and hydrodynamic size of the particles only weakly influence the signal generation in FMMD. For tailoring the MNP properties and parameters of the setup towards optimal FMMD signal generation, our findings suggest choosing large particles of core sizes dc > 25 nm nm with narrow size distributions (σ < 0.1) to minimize the required drive field amplitude. This allows potential improvements of FMMD as a stand-alone application, as well as advances in magnetic particle imaging, hyperthermia and magnetic immunoassays.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HorbachStaat2018,
  author    = {Horbach, Andreas and Staat, Manfred},
  title     = {Optical strain measurement for the modeling of surgical meshes and their porosity},
  series = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering},
  volume    = {Band 4},
  journal   = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2364-5504},
  doi       = {10.1515/cdbme-2018-0045},
  pages     = {181 -- 184},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The porosity of surgical meshes makes them flexible for large elastic deformation and establishes the healing conditions of good tissue in growth. The biomechanic modeling of orthotropic and compressible materials requires new materials models and simulstaneoaus fit of deformation in the load direction as well as trannsversely to to load. This nonlinear modeling can be achieved by an optical deformation measurement. At the same time the full field deformation measurement allows the dermination of the change of porosity with deformation. Also the socalled effective porosity, which has been defined to asses the tisssue interatcion with the mesh implants, can be determined from the global deformation of the surgical meshes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{ErnhardtDrummvanGogetal.2019,
  author    = {Ernhardt, Selina and Drumm, Christian and van Gog, Tamara and Brand-Gruwel, Saskia and Jarodzka, Halszka},
  title     = {Through the eyes of a programmer : a research project on how to foster programming education with eye-tracking technology},
  series = {Tagungsband zur 32. AKWI-Jahrestagung vom 15.09.2019 bis 18.09.2019 an der Fachhochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Aachen},
  booktitle = {Tagungsband zur 32. AKWI-Jahrestagung vom 15.09.2019 bis 18.09.2019 an der Fachhochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Aachen},
  publisher = {Mana-Buch},
  address   = {Heide},
  isbn      = {978-3-944330-62-4},
  pages     = {42 -- 47},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SattlerSchneiderAngeleetal.2022,
  author    = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Schneider, Iesse Peer and Angele, Florian and Atti, Vikrama Naga Babu and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Development of heliostat field calibration methods: Theory and experimental test results},
  series = {SolarPACES 2022 conference proceedings},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2022 conference proceedings},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {TIB Open Publishing},
  address   = {Hannover},
  issn      = {2751-9899 (online)},
  doi       = {10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.678},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In this work, three patent pending calibration methods for heliostat fields of central receiver systems (CRS) developed by the Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich (SIJ) of the FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences are presented. The calibration methods can either operate in a combined mode or in stand-alone mode. The first calibration method, method A, foresees that a camera matrix is placed into the receiver plane where it is subjected to concentrated solar irradiance during a measurement process. The second calibration method, method B, uses an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a quadrocopter to automatically fly into the reflected solar irradiance cross-section of one or more heliostats (two variants of method B were tested). The third calibration method, method C, foresees a stereo central camera or multiple stereo cameras installed e.g. on the solar tower whereby the orientations of the heliostats are calculated from the location detection of spherical red markers attached to the heliostats. The most accurate method is method A which has a mean accuracy of 0.17 mrad. The mean accuracy of method B variant 1 is 1.36 mrad and of variant 2 is 1.73 mrad. Method C has a mean accuracy of 15.07 mrad. For method B there is great potential regarding improving the measurement accuracy. For method C the collected data was not sufficient for determining whether or not there is potential for improving the accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningArzdorfMulchandanietal.2003,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Arzdorf, Michael and Mulchandani, P. and Chen, W. and Mulchandani, A.},
  title     = {Towards a capacitive enzyme sensor for direct determination of organophosphorus pesticides: Fundamentals studies and aspects of development},
  series = {Sensors. 3 (2003), H. 6},
  journal   = {Sensors. 3 (2003), H. 6},
  isbn      = {1424-8220},
  pages     = {119 -- 127},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningArzdorfMulchandanietal.2003,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Arzdorf, Michael and Mulchandani, P. and Chen, W. and Mulchandani, A.},
  title     = {A capacitive field-effect sensor for the direct determination of organophosphorus pesticides},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B. 91 (2003), H. 1-3},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B. 91 (2003), H. 1-3},
  isbn      = {0925-4005},
  pages     = {92 -- 97},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZiemonsAuffrayBarbieretal.2005,
  author    = {Ziemons, Karl and Auffray, Etiennette and Barbier, R. and Brandenburg, G. and Bruyndonckx, P.},
  title     = {The ClearPET™ project: Development of a 2nd generation high-performance small animal PET scanner},
  series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume    = {537},
  journal   = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  number    = {1-2},
  issn      = {0168-9002},
  pages     = {307 -- 311},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Second generation high-performance PET scanners, called ClearPET™1, have been developed by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). High sensitivity and high spatial resolution for the ClearPET camera is achieved by using a phoswich arrangement combining two different types of lutetium-based scintillator materials: LSO from CTI and LuYAP:Ce from the CCC (ISTC project). In a first ClearPET prototype, phoswich arrangements of 8×8 crystals of 2×2×10 mm3 are coupled to multi-channel photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu R7600). A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the ring is 120 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm.The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the exact pulse starting time, which is subsequently used for coincidence detection. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. Preliminary data shows a correct identification of the crystal layer about (98±1)\%. Typically the energy resolution is (23.3±0.5)\% for the luyap layer and (15.4±0.4)\% for the lso layer. early studies showed the timing resolution of 2 ns FWHM and 4.8 ns FWTM. the intrinsic spatial resolution ranges from 1.37 mm to 1.61 mm full-width of half-maximum (FWHM) with a mean of 1.48 mm FWHM. further improvements in image and energy resolution are expected when the system geometry is fully modeled.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MossetDevroedeKriegueretal.2006,
  author    = {Mosset, Jean-Baptiste and Devroede, Olivier and Krieguer, Magalie and Rey, M. and Vieira, J.-M. and Jung, J. H. and Kuntner, Claudia and Streun, Matthias and Ziemons, Karl and Auffray, Etiennette and Sempere-Roldan, P. and Lecoq, Paul and Bruyndonckx, Peter and Loude, Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois and Tavernier, Stefaan and Morel, Christian},
  title     = {Development of an optimized LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector head for the Lausanne ClearPET demonstrator},
  series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  number    = {1},
  isbn      = {0018-9499},
  pages     = {25 -- 29},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {This paper describes the LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector head developed for the ClearPET small animal PET scanner demonstrator that is under construction in Lausanne within the Crystal Clear Collaboration. The detector head consists of a dual layer of 8×8 LSO and LuYAP crystal arrays coupled to a multi-anode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64). Equalistion of the LSO/LuYAP light collection is obtained through partial attenuation of the LSO scintillation light using a thin aluminum deposit of 20-35 nm on LSO and appropriate temperature regulation of the phoswich head between 30°C to 60°C. At 511keV, typical FWHM energy resolutions of the pixels of a phoswich head amounts to (28±2)\% for LSO and (25±2)\% for LuYAP. The LSO versus LuYAP crystal identification efficiency is better than 98\%. Six detector modules have been mounted on a rotating gantry. Axial and tangential spatial resolutions were measured up to 4 cm from the scanner axis and compared to Monte Carlo simulations using GATE. FWHM spatial resolution ranges from 1.3 mm on axis to 2.6 mm at 4 cm from the axis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZiemonsAuffrayBarbieretal.2004,
  author    = {Ziemons, Karl and Auffray, Etiennette and Barbier, R. and Brandenburg, G.},
  title     = {The ClearPET TM LSO/LuYAP phoswich scanner: a high performance small animal PET system},
  series = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3},
  journal   = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3},
  issn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {1728 -- 1732},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A 2nd generation high performance small animal PET scanner, called ClearPET™, has been designed and a first prototype is built by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). In order to achieve high sensitivity and maintain good uniform spatial resolution over the field of view in high resolution PET systems, it is necessary to extract the depth of interaction (DOI) information and correct for spatial degradation. The design of the first ClearPET™ Demonstrator based on the use of the multi-anode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64) and a LSO/LuYAP phoswich matrix. The two crystal layers of 8*8 crystals (2*2*10 mm3) are stacked on each other and mounted without light guide as one to one on the PMT. A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the crystal ring is 137 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm. The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the pulse arrival time. Single gamma interactions are recorded and coincidences are found by software. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. The measurements have been done using the first LSO/LuYAP detector cassettes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AuffrayBruyndonckxDevroedeetal.2004,
  author    = {Auffray, Etiennette and Bruyndonckx, P. and Devroede, O. and Fedorov, A. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {The ClearPET project},
  series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume    = {527},
  journal   = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  number    = {1-2},
  isbn      = {0168-9002},
  pages     = {171 -- 174},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The Crystal Clear Collaboration has designed and is building a high-resolution small animal PET scanner. The design is based on the use of the Hamamatsu R7600-M64 multi-anode photomultiplier tube and a LSO/LuYAP phoswich matrix with one to one coupling between the crystals and the photo-detector. The complete system will have 80 PM tubes in four rings with an inner diameter of 137 mm and an axial field of view of 110 mm. The PM pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the pulse arrival time. Single gamma interactions are recorded and coincidences are found by software. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. Simulations, and measurements a 2×4 module test set-up predict a spatial resolution of 1.5 mm in the centre of the field of view and a sensitivity of 5.9\% for a point source in the centre of the field of view.},
  language  = {en}
}