@article{Kirsch2010, author = {Kirsch, Ansgar}, title = {Experimental investigation of the face stability of shallow tunnels in sand}, series = {Acta Geotechnica}, volume = {5}, journal = {Acta Geotechnica}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1861-1125}, doi = {10.1007/s11440-010-0110-7}, pages = {43 -- 62}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Various models have been proposed for the prediction of the necessary support pressure at the face of a shallow tunnel. To assess their quality, the collapse of a tunnel face was modelled with small-scale model tests at single gravity. The development of the failure mechanism and the support force at the face in dry sand were investigated. The observed displacement patterns show a negligible influence of overburden on the extent and evolution of the failure zone. The latter is significantly influenced, though, by the initial density of the sand: in dense sand a chimney-wedge-type collapse mechanism developed, which propagated towards the soil surface. Initially, loose sand did not show any discrete collapse mechanism. The necessary support force was neither influenced by the overburden nor the initial density. A comparison with quantitative predictions by several theoretical models showed that the measured necessary support pressure is overestimated by most of the models. Those by Vermeer/Ruse and L{\´e}ca/Dormieux showed the best agreement to the measurements.}, language = {en} } @article{ArampatzisPeperBierbaumetal.2010, author = {Arampatzis, Adamantios and Peper, Andreas and Bierbaum, Stefanie and Albracht, Kirsten}, title = {Plasticity of human Achilles tendon mechanical and morphological properties in response to cyclic strain}, series = {Journal of Biomechanics}, volume = {43}, journal = {Journal of Biomechanics}, number = {16}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0021-9290}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.08.014}, pages = {3073 -- 3079}, year = {2010}, abstract = {The purpose of the current study in combination with our previous published data (Arampatzis et al., 2007) was to examine the effects of a controlled modulation of strain magnitude and strain frequency applied to the Achilles tendon on the plasticity of tendon mechanical and morphological properties. Eleven male adults (23.9±2.2 yr) participated in the study. The participants exercised one leg at low magnitude tendon strain (2.97±0.47\%), and the other leg at high tendon strain magnitude (4.72±1.08\%) of similar frequency (0.5 Hz, 1 s loading, 1 s relaxation) and exercise volume (integral of the plantar flexion moment over time) for 14 weeks, 4 days per week, 5 sets per session. The exercise volume was similar to the intervention of our earlier study (0.17 Hz frequency; 3 s loading, 3 s relaxation) allowing a direct comparison of the results. Before and after the intervention ankle joint moment has been measured by a dynamometer, tendon-aponeurosis elongation by ultrasound and cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon by magnet resonance images (MRI). We found a decrease in strain at a given tendon force, an increase in tendon-aponeurosis stiffness and tendon elastic modulus of the Achilles tendon only in the leg exercised at high strain magnitude. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the Achilles tendon did not show any statistically significant (P>0.05) differences to the pre-exercise values in both legs. The results indicate a superior improvement in tendon properties (stiffness, elastic modulus and CSA) at the low frequency (0.17 Hz) compared to the high strain frequency (0.5 Hz) protocol. These findings provide evidence that the strain magnitude applied to the Achilles tendon should exceed the value, which occurs during habitual activities to trigger adaptational effects and that higher tendon strain duration per contraction leads to superior tendon adaptational responses.}, language = {en} } @article{AggeloussisGiannakouAlbrachtetal.2010, author = {Aggeloussis, Nickos and Giannakou, Erasmia and Albracht, Kirsten and Arampatzis, Adamantios}, title = {Reproducibility of fascicle length and pennation angle of gastrocnemius medialis in human gait in vivo}, series = {Gait and Posture}, volume = {31}, journal = {Gait and Posture}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0966-6362}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.08.249}, pages = {73 -- 77}, year = {2010}, abstract = {The purpose of the current study was to examine the reproducibility of fascicle length and pennation angle of gastrocnemius medialis while human walking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the reproducibility of fascicle length and pennation angle of gastrocnemius medialis in vivo during human gait. Twelve males performed 10 gait trials on a treadmill, in 2 separate days. B-mode ultrasonography, with the ultrasound probe firmly adjusted in the transverse and frontal planes using a special cast, was used to measure the fascicle length and the pennation angle of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM). A Vicon 624 system with three cameras operating at 120 Hz was also used to record the ankle and knee joint angles. The results showed that measurements of fascicle length and pennation angle showed high reproducibility during the gait cycle, both within the same day and between different days. Moreover, the root mean square differences between the repeated waveforms of both variables were very small, compared with their ranges (fascicle length: RMS = ∼3 mm, range: 38-63 mm; pennation angle: RMS = ∼1.5°, range: 22-32°). However, their reproducibility was lower compared to the joint angles. It was found that representative data have to be derived by a wide number of gait trials (fascicle length ∼six trials, pennation angle more than 10 trials), to assure the reliability of the fascicle length and pennation angle in human gait.}, language = {en} } @article{FleischhakerEversDey2010, author = {Fleischhaker, Robert and Evers, J{\"o}rg and Dey, Tarak N.}, title = {Phase modulation induced by cooperative effects in electromagnetically induced transparency}, series = {Physical Review A - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics}, volume = {82}, journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, address = {Melville, NY}, issn = {1050-2947}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.82.013815}, pages = {013815}, year = {2010}, abstract = {We analyze the influence of dipole-dipole interactions in an electromagnetically induced transparency set up for a density at the onset of cooperative effects. To this end, we include mean-field models for the influence of local-field corrections and radiation trapping into our calculation. We show both analytically and numerically that the polarization contribution to the local field strongly modulates the phase of a weak pulse. We give an intuitive explanation for this local-field-induced phase modulation and demonstrate that it distinctively differs from the nonlinear self-phase-modulation that a strong pulse experiences in a Kerr medium.}, language = {en} } @incollection{EversFleischhakerPalffyetal.2010, author = {Evers, J{\"o}rg and Fleischhaker, Robert and P{\´a}lffy, A. and Keitel, C.}, title = {Light propagation : From atomic to nuclear quantum optics}, series = {Modern optics and photonics: atoms and structured media}, booktitle = {Modern optics and photonics: atoms and structured media}, publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Co.}, isbn = {978-981431327-8}, doi = {10.1142/9789814313278_0001}, pages = {3 -- 15}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{RossPlummerRodeetal.2010, author = {Ross, Jillian and Plummer, Simon M. and Rode, Anja and Scheer, Nico and Bower, Conrad C. and Vogel, Ortwin and Henderson, Colin J. and Wolf, C. Roland and Elcombe, Clifford R.}, title = {Human constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) support the hypertrophic but not the hyperplastic response to the murine nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens phenobarbital and chlordane in vivo}, series = {Toxicological Sciences}, volume = {116}, journal = {Toxicological Sciences}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1096-0929}, doi = {10.1093/toxsci/kfq118}, pages = {452 -- 466}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Mouse nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens phenobarbital (PB) and chlordane induce hepatomegaly characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Increased cell proliferation is implicated in the mechanism of tumor induction. The relevance of these tumors to human health is unclear. The xenoreceptors, constitutive androstane receptors (CARs), and pregnane X receptor (PXR) play key roles in these processes. Novel "humanized" and knockout models for both receptors were developed to investigate potential species differences in hepatomegaly. The effects of PB (80 mg/kg/4 days) and chlordane (10 mg/kg/4 days) were investigated in double humanized PXR and CAR (huPXR/huCAR), double knockout PXR and CAR (PXRKO/CARKO), and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice. In WT mice, both compounds caused increased liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, and cell proliferation. Both compounds caused alterations to a number of cell cycle genes consistent with induction of cell proliferation in WT mice. However, these gene expression changes did not occur in PXRKO/CARKO or huPXR/huCAR mice. Liver hypertrophy without hyperplasia was demonstrated in the huPXR/huCAR animals in response to both compounds. Induction of the CAR and PXR target genes, Cyp2b10 and Cyp3a11, was observed in both WT and huPXR/huCAR mouse lines following treatment with PB or chlordane. In the PXRKO/CARKO mice, neither liver growth nor induction of Cyp2b10 and Cyp3a11 was seen following PB or chlordane treatment, indicating that these effects are CAR/PXR dependent. These data suggest that the human receptors are able to support the chemically induced hypertrophic responses but not the hyperplastic (cell proliferation) responses. At this time, we cannot be certain that hCAR and hPXR when expressed in the mouse can function exactly as the genes do when they are expressed in human cells. However, all parameters investigated to date suggest that much of their functionality is maintained.}, language = {en} } @article{ScheerRossKapelyukhetal.2010, author = {Scheer, Nico and Ross, Jillian and Kapelyukh, Yury and Rode, Anja and Wolf, C. Roland}, title = {In vivo responses of the human and murine pregnane X receptor to dexamethasone in mice}, series = {Drug Metabolism and Disposition}, volume = {38}, journal = {Drug Metabolism and Disposition}, number = {7}, publisher = {ASPET}, address = {Bethesda}, issn = {1521-009X}, doi = {10.1124/dmd.109.031872}, pages = {1046 -- 1053}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Dexamethasone (DEX) is a potent and widely used anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant glucocorticoid. It can bind and activate the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which plays a critical role as xenobiotic sensor in mammals to induce the expression of many enzymes, including cytochromes P450 in the CYP3A family. This induction results in its own metabolism. We have used a series of transgenic mouse lines, including a novel, improved humanized PXR line, to compare the induction profile of PXR-regulated drug-metabolizing enzymes after DEX administration, as well as looking at hepatic responses to rifampicin (RIF). The new humanized PXR model has uncovered further intriguing differences between the human and mouse receptors in that RIF only induced Cyp2b10 in the new humanized model. DEX was found to be a much more potent inducer of Cyp3a proteins in wild-type mice than in mice humanized for PXR. To assess whether PXR is involved in the detoxification of DEX in the liver, we analyzed the consequences of high doses of the glucocorticoid on hepatotoxicity on different PXR genetic backgrounds. We also studied these effects in an additional mouse model in which functional mouse Cyp3a genes have been deleted. These strains exhibited different sensitivities to DEX, indicating a protective role of the PXR and CYP3A proteins against the hepatotoxicity of this compound.}, language = {en} } @article{AkimbekovZhubanovaMansurovetal.2010, author = {Akimbekov, Nuraly S. and Zhubanova, A. A. and Mansurov, Z. A. and Digel, Ilya and Artmann, Gerhard and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l}, title = {Use of Carbonized Rise Shell for the local treatment of wounds}, series = {Eurasian ChemTech Journal}, volume = {12}, journal = {Eurasian ChemTech Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Institute of Combustion Problems}, address = {Almaty}, issn = {2522-4867}, doi = {10.18321/ectj35}, pages = {133 -- 138}, year = {2010}, abstract = {On the model of musculocutaneous wound in rats, the effect of applicative sorption by carbonized rise shell (CRS) on the healing of festering wound was studied. It has been shown, that cytological changes end with rapid scar formation. The use of CRS at the period of severe purulent wound contributes to its favorable course, prevents the development of complications of the animals from sepsis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MatchaLjubas2010, author = {Matcha, Heike and Ljubas, Ante}, title = {Parametric Origami: Adaptable temporary buildings}, series = {Future cities: 28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings. eCAADe: Conferences. Zurich, Switzerland}, booktitle = {Future cities: 28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings. eCAADe: Conferences. Zurich, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-0-9541183-7-2}, pages = {243 -- 251}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{TippkoetterRoikaewUlberetal.2010, author = {Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils and Roikaew, Wipa and Ulber, Roland and Hoffmann, Alexander and Denzler, Hans-J{\"o}rg and Buchholz, Heinrich}, title = {Paracoccus denitrificans for the effluent recycling during continuous denitrification of liquid food}, series = {Biotechnology Progress}, volume = {26}, journal = {Biotechnology Progress}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {8756-7938}, doi = {10.1002/btpr.384}, pages = {756 -- 762}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Nitrate is an undesirable component of several foods. A typical case of contamination with high nitrate contents is whey concentrate, containing nitrate in concentrations up to 25 l. The microbiological removal of nitrate by Paracoccus denitrificans under formation of harmless nitrogen in combination with a cell retention reactor is described here. Focus lies on the resource-conserving design of a microbal denitrification process. Two methods are compared. The application of polyvinyl alcohol-immobilized cells, which can be applied several times in whey feed, is compared with the implementation of a two step denitrification system. First, the whey concentrate's nitrate is removed by ion exchange and subsequently the eluent regenerated by microorganisms under their retention by crossflow filtration. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations were determined by reflectometric color measurement with a commercially available Reflectoquant® device. Correction factors for these media had to be determined. During the pilot development, bioreactors from 4 to 250 mg·L-1 and crossflow units with membrane areas from 0.02 to 0.80 m2 were examined. Based on the results of the pilot plants, a scaling for the exemplary process of denitrifying 1,000 tons per day is discussed.}, language = {en} }