@article{FreyerKemptKloeser2024, author = {Freyer, Nils and Kempt, Hendrik and Kl{\"o}ser, Lars}, title = {Easy-read and large language models: on the ethical dimensions of LLM-based text simplification}, series = {Ethics and Information Technology}, volume = {26}, journal = {Ethics and Information Technology}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dortrecht}, issn = {1388-1957 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/s10676-024-09792-4}, pages = {10 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The production of easy-read and plain language is a challenging task, requiring well-educated experts to write context-dependent simplifications of texts. Therefore, the domain of easy-read and plain language is currently restricted to the bare minimum of necessary information. Thus, even though there is a tendency to broaden the domain of easy-read and plain language, the inaccessibility of a significant amount of textual information excludes the target audience from partaking or entertainment and restricts their ability to live life autonomously. Large language models can solve a vast variety of natural language tasks, including the simplification of standard language texts to easy-read or plain language. Moreover, with the rise of generative models like GPT, easy-read and plain language may be applicable to all kinds of natural language texts, making formerly inaccessible information accessible to marginalized groups like, a.o., non-native speakers, and people with mental disabilities. In this paper, we argue for the feasibility of text simplification and generation in that context, outline the ethical dimensions, and discuss the implications for researchers in the field of ethics and computer science.}, language = {en} } @article{EichlerBalcBremenetal.2024, author = {Eichler, Fabian and Balc, Nicolae and Bremen, Sebastian and Schleser, Markus and Schwarz, Alexander}, title = {Research on reducing residual stresses of SLM parts made for downstream welding process}, series = {Acta Technica Napocensis}, volume = {67}, journal = {Acta Technica Napocensis}, number = {1s}, publisher = {Technical University of Cluj-Napoca}, address = {Cluj-Napoca}, issn = {1221-5872}, pages = {69 -- 78}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In the face of the current trend towards larger and more complex production tasks in the SLM process and the current limitations in terms of maximum build space, the welding of SLM components to each other or to conventionally manufactured parts is becoming increasingly relevant. The fusion welding of SLM components made of 316L has so far been rarely investigated and if so, then for highly specialised laser welding processes. When welding with industrial gas welding processes such as MIG/MAG or TIG welding, distortions occur which are associated with the resulting residual stresses in the components. This paper investigates process-side influencing factors to avoid resulting residual stresses in SLM components made of 316L. The aim is to develop a strategy to build up SLM components as stress-free as possible in order to join them as profitably as possible with a downstream welding process. For this purpose, influencing parameters such as laser power, scan speed, but also scan vector length and different scan patterns are investigated with regard to their influence on residual stresses.}, language = {en} } @article{AbbasBalcBremenetal.2024, author = {Abbas, Karim and Balc, Nicolae and Bremen, Sebastian and Hedwig, Lukas}, title = {Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in rapid tooling: advancements and applications for fused filament fabrication of rubber molds}, series = {Acta Technica Napocensis}, volume = {67}, journal = {Acta Technica Napocensis}, number = {1s}, publisher = {Technical University of Cluj-Napoca}, address = {Cluj-Napoca}, issn = {1221-5872}, pages = {13 -- 22}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Establishing high-performance polymers in additive manufacturing opens up new industrial applications. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was initially used in aerospace but is now widely applied in automotive, electronics, and medical industries. This study focuses on developing applications using PEEK and Fused Filament Fabrication for cost-efficient vulcanization injection mold production. A proof of concept confirms PEEK's suitability for AM mold making, withstanding vulcanization conditions. Printing PEEK above its glass transition temperature of 145 °C is preferable due to its narrow process window. A new process strategy at room temperature is discussed, with micrographs showing improved inter-layer bonding at 410°C nozzle temperature and 0.1 mm layer thickness. Minimizing the layer thickness from 0.15 mm to 0.1 mm improves tensile strength by 16\%.}, language = {en} } @article{LuftArntz2024, author = {Luft, Nils and Arntz, Kristian}, title = {The impact and challenges of Industry 4.0 on factory design, organization and management}, series = {Acta Technica Napocensis}, volume = {67}, journal = {Acta Technica Napocensis}, number = {1s}, publisher = {Technical University of Cluj-Napoca}, address = {Cluj-Napoca}, issn = {1221-5872}, pages = {151 -- 158}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The fourth industrial revolution is on its way to reshape manufacturing and value creation in a profound way. The underlying technologies like cyber-physical systems (CPS), big data, collaborative robotics, additive manufacturing or artificial intelligence offer huge potentials for the optimization and evolution of production systems. However, many manufacturing companies struggle to implement these technologies. This can only in part be attributed to the lack of skilled personal within these companies or a missing digitalization strategy. Rather, there is a fundamental incompatibility between the way current production systems and companies (Industry 3.0) are structured across multiple dimensions compared to what is necessary for industry 4.0. This is especially true in manufacturing systems and their transition towards flexible, decentralized and autonomous value creation networks. This paper shows across various dimensions these incompatibilities within manufacturing systems, explores their reasons and discusses a different approach to create a foundation for Industry 4.0 in manufacturing companies.}, language = {en} } @article{MyburghJacobszBothaLeRouxKotliaretal.2024, author = {Myburgh-Jacobsz, Catharina Elizabeth and Botha-Le Roux, Shani and Kotliar, Konstantin and Wentzel, Annemarie and Jacobs, Adriaan and De Boever, Patrick and Goswami, Nandu and Strijdom, Hans and Smith, Wayne}, title = {Retinal vessel functional responses in South Africans living with and without HIV: the EndoAfrica-NWU study}, series = {Microcirculation}, journal = {Microcirculation}, number = {Early View}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Malden, MA}, issn = {1073-9688 (Print)}, doi = {10.1111/micc.12878}, pages = {11 Seiten}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{LuftBalcBremen2024, author = {Luft, Angela and Balc, Nicolae and Bremen, Sebastian}, title = {Experts' perspectives on the adoption of additive manufacturing in the industry and its interrelated implications in production structures}, series = {Acta Technica Napocensis}, volume = {67}, journal = {Acta Technica Napocensis}, number = {1s}, publisher = {Technical University of Cluj-Napoca}, address = {Cluj-Napoca}, issn = {1221-5872}, pages = {159 -- 168}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a topic that is becoming more relevant to many companies globally. With AM's progressive development and use for series production, integrating the technology into existing production structures is becoming an important criterion for businesses. This study qualitatively examines the actual state and different perspectives on the integration of AM in production structures. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed. The interview partners were high-level experts in Additive Manufacturing and production systems from industry and science. Four main themes were identified. Key findings are the far-reaching interrelationships and implications of AM within production structures. Specific AM-related aspects were identified. Those can be used to increase the knowledge and practical application of the technology in the industry and as a foundation for economic considerations.}, language = {en} } @article{GongRautPelzeretal.2024, author = {Gong, Jing and Raut, Amod and Pelzer, Marcel and H{\"u}ning, Felix}, title = {Marking-based perpendicular parking slot detection algorithm using LiDAR sensors}, series = {Vehicles}, volume = {6}, journal = {Vehicles}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2624-8921}, doi = {10.3390/vehicles6040083}, pages = {1717 -- 1729}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The emergence of automotive-grade LiDARs has given rise to new potential methods to develop novel advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). However, accurate and reliable parking slot detection (PSD) remains a challenge, especially in the low-light conditions typical of indoor car parks. Existing camera-based approaches struggle with these conditions and require sensor fusion to determine parking slot occupancy. This paper proposes a parking slot detection (PSD) algorithm which utilizes the intensity of a LiDAR point cloud to detect the markings of perpendicular parking slots. LiDAR-based approaches offer robustness in low-light environments and can directly determine occupancy status using 3D information. The proposed PSD algorithm first segments the ground plane from the LiDAR point cloud and detects the main axis along the driving direction using a random sample consensus algorithm (RANSAC). The remaining ground point cloud is filtered by a dynamic Otsu's threshold, and the markings of parking slots are detected in multiple windows along the driving direction separately. Hypotheses of parking slots are generated between the markings, which are cross-checked with a non-ground point cloud to determine the occupancy status. Test results showed that the proposed algorithm is robust in detecting perpendicular parking slots in well-marked car parks with high precision, low width error, and low variance. The proposed algorithm is designed in such a way that future adoption for parallel parking slots and combination with free-space-based detection approaches is possible. This solution addresses the limitations of camera-based systems and enhances PSD accuracy and reliability in challenging lighting conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{BoehnischBraunMarzoccaetal.2024, author = {B{\"o}hnisch, Nils and Braun, Carsten and Marzocca, Pierre and Muscarello, Vincenzo}, title = {Impact of aerodynamic interactions on aeroelastic stability of wing-propeller systems}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {14}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {19}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app14198709}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This paper presents initial findings from aeroelastic studies conducted on a wing-propeller model, aimed at evaluating the impact of aerodynamic interactions on wing flutter mechanisms and overall aeroelastic performance. The flutter onset is assessed using a frequency-domain method. Mid-fidelity tools based on the time-domain approach are then exploited to account for the complex aerodynamic interaction between the propeller and the wing. Specifically, the open-source software DUST and MBDyn are leveraged for this purpose. The investigation covers both windmilling and thrusting conditions. During the trim process, adjustments to the collective pitch of the blades are made to ensure consistency across operational points. Time histories are then analyzed to pinpoint flutter onset, and corresponding frequencies and damping ratios are identified. The results reveal a marginal destabilizing effect of aerodynamic interaction on flutter speed, approximately 5\%. Notably, the thrusting condition demonstrates a greater destabilizing influence compared to the windmilling case. These comprehensive findings enhance the understanding of the aerodynamic behavior of such systems and offer valuable insights for early design predictions and the development of streamlined models for future endeavors.}, language = {en} } @article{CheilytkoAlexopoulosPozhuyevetal.2024, author = {Cheilytko, Andrii and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Pozhuyev, Andriy and Kaufhold, Oliver}, title = {An analytical approach to power optimization of concentrating solar power plants with thermal storage}, series = {Solar}, volume = {4}, journal = {Solar}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2673-9941}, doi = {10.3390/solar4030024}, pages = {509 -- 525}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This paper deals with the problem of determining the optimal capacity of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, especially in the context of hybrid solar power plants. This work presents an innovative analytical approach to optimizing the capacity of concentrated solar plants. The proposed method is based on the use of additional non-dimensional parameters, in particular, the design factor and the solar multiple factor. This paper presents a mathematical optimization model that focuses on the capacity of concentrated solar power plants where thermal storage plays a key role in the energy source. The analytical approach provides a more complete understanding of the design process for hybrid power plants. In addition, the use of additional factors and the combination of the proposed method with existing numerical methods allows for more refined optimization, which allows for the more accurate selection of the capacity for specific geographical conditions. Importantly, the proposed method significantly increases the speed of computation compared to that of traditional numerical methods. Finally, the authors present the results of the analysis of the proposed system of equations for calculating the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for hybrid solar power plants. The nonlinearity of the LCOE on the main calculation parameters is shown}, language = {en} } @article{BertzSchoeningMolinnusetal.2024, author = {Bertz, Morten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Molinnus, Denise and Homma, Takayuki}, title = {Influence of temperature, light, and H₂O₂ concentration on microbial spore inactivation: in-situ Raman spectroscopy combined with optical trapping}, series = {Physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science}, journal = {Physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science}, number = {Early View}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1862-6319 (Online)}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.202300866}, pages = {8 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {To gain insight on chemical sterilization processes, the influence of temperature (up to 70 °C), intense green light, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration (up to 30\% in aqueous solution) on microbial spore inactivation is evaluated by in-situ Raman spectroscopy with an optical trap. Bacillus atrophaeus is utilized as a model organism. Individual spores are isolated and their chemical makeup is monitored under dynamically changing conditions (temperature, light, and H₂O₂ concentration) to mimic industrially relevant process parameters for sterilization in the field of aseptic food processing. While isolated spores in water are highly stable, even at elevated temperatures of 70 °C, exposure to H₂O₂ leads to a loss of spore integrity characterized by the release of the key spore biomarker dipicolinic acid (DPA) in a concentration-dependent manner, which indicates damage to the inner membrane of the spore. Intensive light or heat, both of which accelerate the decomposition of H₂O₂ into reactive oxygen species (ROS), drastically shorten the spore lifetime, suggesting the formation of ROS as a rate-limiting step during sterilization. It is concluded that Raman spectroscopy can deliver mechanistic insight into the mode of action of H₂O₂-based sterilization and reveal the individual contributions of different sterilization methods acting in tandem.}, language = {en} } @article{NehrBausCinaretal.2024, author = {Nehr, Sascha and Baus, Lukas and {\c{C}}inar, Hasan and Elsen, Ingo and Frauenrath, Tobias}, title = {Indoor environmental quality assessment in passively ventilated classrooms in Germany and estimation of ventilation energy losses}, series = {Journal of Building Engineering}, volume = {97}, journal = {Journal of Building Engineering}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-7102}, pages = {20 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this field study we present an approach for the comprehensive and room-specific assessment of parameters with the overall aim to realize energy-efficient provision of hygienically harmless and thermally comfortable indoor environmental quality in naturally ventilated non-residential buildings. The approach is based on (i) conformity assessment of room design parameters, (ii) empirical determination of theoretically expected occupant-specific supply air flow rates and corresponding air exchange rates, (iii) experimental determination of real occupant-specific supply air flow rates and corresponding air exchange rates, (iv) measurement of indoor environmental exposure conditions of T, RH, cCO2 , cPM2.5 and cTVOC, and (v) determination of real energy demands for the prevailing ventilation scheme. Underlying assessment criteria comprise the indoor environmental parameters of category II of EN 16798-1: Temperature T = 20 ◦C-24 ◦C, and relative humidity RH = 25 \%-60 \% as well as the guide values of the German Federal Environment Agency for cCO2 cPM2.5 and cTVOC of 1000 ppm, 15 μg m⁻³, and 1 mg m ⁻³, respectively. Investigation objects are six naturally ventilated classrooms of a German secondary school. Major factors influencing indoor environmental quality in these classrooms are the specific room volume per occupant and the window opening area. It is concluded that the rigorous implementation of ventilation recommendations laid down by the German Federal Environment Agency is ineffective with respect to anticipated indoor environmental parameters and inefficient with respect to ventilation energy losses on the order of about 10 kWh m⁻² a ⁻¹ to 30 kWh m⁻² a ⁻¹.}, language = {en} } @article{TixGotthardtBodeetal.2024, author = {Tix, Julian and Gotthardt, Leon and Bode, Joshua and Karabacak, Burak and Nordmann, Janne and Hengsbach, Jan-Niklas and Ulber, Roland and Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils}, title = {Enhancement of succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes in an electro-bioreactor}, series = {Fermentation}, volume = {10}, journal = {Fermentation}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2311-5637}, doi = {10.3390/fermentation10100504}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This work examines the electrochemically enhanced production of succinic acid using the bacterium Actinobacillus succinogenes. The principal objective is to enhance the metabolic potential of glucose and CO2 utilization via the C4 pathway in order to synthesize succinic acid. We report on the development of an electro-bioreactor system to increase succinic acid production in a power-2-X approach. The use of activated carbon fibers as electrode surfaces and contact areas allows A. succinogenes to self-initiate biofilm formation. The integration of an electrical potential into the system shifts the redox balance from NAD+ to NADH, increasing the efficiency of metabolic processes. Mediators such as neutral red facilitate electron transfer within the system and optimize the redox reactions that are crucial for increased succinic acid production. Furthermore, the role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in electron transfer was investigated. The electro-bioreactor system developed here was operated in batch mode for 48 h and showed improvements in succinic acid yield and concentration. In particular, a run with 100 µM neutral red and a voltage of -600 mV achieved a yield of 0.7 gsuccinate·gglucose-1. In the absence of neutral red, a higher yield of 0.72 gsuccinate·gglucose-1 was achieved, which represents an increase of 14\% compared to the control. When a potential of -600 mV was used in conjunction with 500 µg∙L-1 CNTs, a 21\% increase in succinate concentration was observed after 48 h. An increase of 33\% was achieved in the same batch by increasing the stirring speed. These results underscore the potential of the electro-bioreactor system to markedly enhance succinic acid production.}, language = {en} } @article{ChwallekNawrathKrastinaetal.2024, author = {Chwallek, Constanze and Nawrath, Lara and Krastina, Anzelika and Bruksle, Ieva}, title = {Supportive research on sustainable entrepreneurship and business practices}, series = {SECA Sustainable Entrepreneurship for Climate Action}, journal = {SECA Sustainable Entrepreneurship for Climate Action}, number = {3}, publisher = {Lapland University of Applied Sciences Ltd}, address = {Rovaniemi}, isbn = {978-952-316-514-4 (pdf)}, issn = {2954-1654 (on-line publication)}, pages = {67 Seiten}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{ValeroFelderKrameretal.2024, author = {Valero, Daniel and Felder, Stefan and Kramer, Matthias and Wang, Hang and Carrillo, Jos{\´e} M. and Pfister, Michael and Bung, Daniel Bernhard}, title = {Air-water flows}, series = {Journal of Hydraulic Research}, volume = {62}, journal = {Journal of Hydraulic Research}, number = {4}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, issn = {0022-1686 (Print)}, doi = {10.1080/00221686.2024.2379482}, pages = {319 -- 339}, year = {2024}, abstract = {High Froude-number open-channel flows can entrain significant volumes of air, a phenomenon that occurs continuously in spillways, in free-falling jets and in hydraulic jumps, or as localized events, notably at the toe of hydraulic jumps or in plunging jets. Within these flows, turbulence generates millions of bubbles and droplets as well as highly distorted wavy air-water interfaces. This phenomenon is crucial from a design perspective, as it influences the behaviour of high-velocity flows, potentially impairing the safety of dam operations. This review examines recent scientific and engineering progress, highlighting foundational studies and emerging developments. Notable advances have been achieved in the past decades through improved sampling of flows and the development of physics-based models. Current challenges are also identified for instrumentation, numerical modelling and (up)scaling that hinder the formulation of fundamental theories, which are instrumental for improving predictive models, able to offer robust support for the design of large hydraulic structures at prototype scale.}, language = {en} }