@article{KhodaverdiChatziioannouWeberetal.2005, author = {Khodaverdi, M. and Chatziioannou, A. F. and Weber, S. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H. and Pietrzyk, U.}, title = {Investigation of different MicroCT scanner configurations by GEANT4 simulations}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, volume = {52}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, number = {1}, isbn = {0018-9499}, pages = {188 -- 192}, year = {2005}, abstract = {This study has been performed to design the combination of the new ClearPET (ClearPET is a trademark of the Crystal Clear Collaboration), a small animal positron emission tomography (PET) system, with a micro-computed tomography (microCT) scanner. The properties of different microCT systems have been determined by simulations based on GEANT4. We will demonstrate the influence of the detector material and the X-ray spectrum on the obtained contrast. Four different detector materials (selenium, cadmium zinc telluride, cesium iodide and gadolinium oxysulfide) and two X-ray spectra (a molybdenum and a tungsten source) have been considered. The spectra have also been modified by aluminum filters of varying thickness. The contrast between different tissue types (water, air, brain, bone and fat) has been simulated by using a suitable phantom. The results indicate the possibility to improve the image contrast in microCT by an optimized combination of the X-ray source and detector material.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2006, author = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {The data acquisition system of ClearPET neuro - a small animal PET scanner}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, volume = {53}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, number = {3}, isbn = {0018-9499}, pages = {700 -- 703}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The Crystal Clear Collaboration has developed a modular system for a small animal PET scanner (ClearPET). The modularity allows the assembly of scanners of different sizes and characteristics in order to satisfy the specific needs of the individual member institutions. The system performs depth of interaction detection by using a phoswich arrangement combining LSO and LuYAP scintillators which are coupled to Multichannel Photomultipliers (PMTs). For each PMT a free running 40 MHz ADC digitizes the signal and the complete scintillation pulse is sampled by an FPGA and sent with 20 MB/s to a PC for preprocessing. The pulse provides information about the gamma energy and the scintillator material which identifies the interaction layer. Furthermore, the exact pulse starting time is obtained from the sampled data. This is important as no hardware coincidence detection is implemented. All single events are recorded and coincidences are identified by software. The system in J{\"u}lich (ClearPET Neuro) is equipped with 10240 crystals on 80 PMTs. The paper will present an overview of the data acquisition system.}, language = {en} } @article{KhodaverdiWeberStreunetal.2006, author = {Khodaverdi, M. and Weber, S. and Streun, M. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {High resolution imaging with ClearPET™ Neuro - first animal images}, series = {2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3}, journal = {2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3}, isbn = {1082-3654}, pages = {1641 -- 1644}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The ClearPET™ Neuro is the first full ring scanner within the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). It consists of 80 detector modules allocated to 20 cassettes. LSO and LuYAP:Ce crystals in phoswich configuration in combination with position sensitive photomultiplier tubes are used to achieve high sensitivity and realize the acquisition of the depth of interaction (DOI) information. The complete system has been tested concerning the mechanical and electronical stability and interplay. Moreover, suitable corrections have been implemented into the reconstruction procedure to ensure high image quality. We present first results which show the successful operation of the ClearPET™ Neuro for artefact free and high resolution small animal imaging. Based on these results during the past few months the ClearPET™ Neuro System has been modified in order to optimize the performance.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunBrandenburgKhodaverdietal.2006, author = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Khodaverdi, M. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {Timemark correction for the ClearPET™ scanners}, series = {2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 4}, journal = {2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 4}, isbn = {1082-3654}, pages = {2057 -- 2060}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The small animal PET scanners developed by the Crystal Clear Collaboration (ClearPETtrade) detect coincidences by analyzing timemarks which are attached to each event. The scanners are able to save complete single list mode data which allows analysis and modification of the timemarks after data acquisition. The timemarks are obtained from the digitally sampled detector pulses by calculating the baseline crossing of the rising edge of the pulse which is approximated as a straight line. But the limited sampling frequency causes a systematic error in the determination of the timemark. This error depends on the phase of the sampling clock at the time of the event. A statistical method that corrects these errors will be presented}, language = {en} } @article{MossetDevroedeKriegueretal.2006, author = {Mosset, J.-B. and Devroede, O. and Krieguer, M. and Rey, M. and Vieira, J.-M. and Jung, J. H. and Kuntner, C. and Streun, M. and Ziemons, Karl and Auffray, E. and Sempere-Roldan, P. and Lecoq, P. and Bruyndonckx, P. and Loude, J.-F. and Tavernier, S. and Morcel, C.}, title = {Development of an optimized LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector head for the Lausanne ClearPET demonstrator}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, volume = {53}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, number = {1}, isbn = {0018-9499}, pages = {25 -- 29}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This paper describes the LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector head developed for the ClearPET small animal PET scanner demonstrator that is under construction in Lausanne within the Crystal Clear Collaboration. The detector head consists of a dual layer of 8×8 LSO and LuYAP crystal arrays coupled to a multi-anode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64). Equalistion of the LSO/LuYAP light collection is obtained through partial attenuation of the LSO scintillation light using a thin aluminum deposit of 20-35 nm on LSO and appropriate temperature regulation of the phoswich head between 30°C to 60°C. At 511keV, typical FWHM energy resolutions of the pixels of a phoswich head amounts to (28±2)\% for LSO and (25±2)\% for LuYAP. The LSO versus LuYAP crystal identification efficiency is better than 98\%. Six detector modules have been mounted on a rotating gantry. Axial and tangential spatial resolutions were measured up to 4 cm from the scanner axis and compared to Monte Carlo simulations using GATE. FWHM spatial resolution ranges from 1.3 mm on axis to 2.6 mm at 4 cm from the axis.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunBeerHombachetal.2008, author = {Streun, M. and Beer, S. and Hombach, T. and Jahnke, S. and Khodaverdi, M. and Larue, H. and Minwuyelet, S. and Parl, C. and Roeb, G. and Schurr, U. and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {PlanTIS: A positron emission tomograph for imaging 11C transport in plants}, series = {2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 6}, journal = {2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 6}, isbn = {1082-3654}, pages = {4110 -- 4112}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Plant growth and transport processes are highly dynamic. They are characterized by plant-internal control processes and by strong interactions with the spatially and temporally varying environment. Analysis of structure- function relations of growth and transport in plants will strongly benefit from the development of non-invasive techniques. PlanTIS (Plant Tomographic Imaging System) is designed for non-destructive 3D-imaging of positron emitting radiotracers. It will permit functional analysis of the dynamics of carbon distribution in plants including bulky organs. It will be applicable for screening transport properties of plants to evaluate e.g. temperature adaptation of genetically modified plants. PlanTIS is a PET scanner dedicated to monitor the dynamics of the 11C distribution within a plant while or after assimilation of 11CO2. Front end electronics and data acquisition architecture of the scanner are based on the ClearPETTM system [1]. Four detector modules form one of two opposing detector blocks. Optionally, a hardware coincidence detection between the blocks can be applied. In general the scan duration is rather long (~ 1 hour) compared to the decay time of 11C (20 min). As a result the count rates can vary over a wide range and accurate dead time correction is necessary.}, language = {en} } @article{ZiemonsBruyndonckxPerezetal.2008, author = {Ziemons, Karl and Bruyndonckx, P. and Perez, J. M. and Pietrzyk, U. and Rato, P. and Tavernier, S.}, title = {Beyond ClearPET: Next Aims}, series = {5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro Symposium Proceedings ISBI 2008}, journal = {5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro Symposium Proceedings ISBI 2008}, isbn = {978-1-4244-2003-2}, pages = {1421 -- 1424}, year = {2008}, abstract = {The CRYSTAL CLEAR collaboration, in short CCC, is a consortium of 12 academic institutions, mainly from Europe, joining efforts in the area of developing instrumentation for nuclear medicine and medical imaging. In the framework of the CCC a high performance small animal PET system, called ClearPET, was developed by using new technologies in electronics and crystals in a phoswich arrangement combining two types of lutetium- based scintillator materials: LSO:Ce and LuYAP:Ce. Our next aim will be the development of hybrid image systems. Hybrid MR-PET imaging has many unique advantages for brain research. This has sparked a new research line within CCC for the development of novel MR-PET compatible technologies. MRI is not as sensitive as PET but PET has poorer spatial resolution than MRI. Two major advantages of PET are sensitivity and its ability to acquire metabolic information. To assess these innovations, the development of a 9.4T hybrid animal MR-PET scanner is proposed based on an existing 9.4T MR scanner that will be adapted to enable simultaneous acquisition of MR and PET data using cutting- edge technology for both MR and PET.}, language = {en} } @article{JahnkeMenzelDusschotenetal.2009, author = {Jahnke, Siegfried and Menzel, Marion I. and Dusschoten, Dagmar van and Roeb, Gerhard W. and B{\"u}hler, Jonas and Minwuyelet, Senay and Bl{\"u}mler, Peter and Temperton, Vicky M. and Hombach, Thomas and Streun, Matthias and Beer, Simone and Khodaverdi, Maryam and Ziemons, Karl and Coenen, Heinz H. and Schurr, Ulrich}, title = {Combined MRI-PET dissects dynamic changes in plant structures and functions}, series = {The Plant Journal}, volume = {59}, journal = {The Plant Journal}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {1365-313X}, pages = {634 -- 644}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Unravelling the factors determining the allocation of carbon to various plant organs is one of the great challenges of modern plant biology. Studying allocation under close to natural conditions requires non-invasive methods, which are now becoming available for measuring plants on a par with those developed for humans. By combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), we investigated three contrasting root/shoot systems growing in sand or soil, with respect to their structures, transport routes and the translocation dynamics of recently fixed photoassimilates labelled with the short-lived radioactive carbon isotope 11C. Storage organs of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and radish plants (Raphanus sativus) were assessed using MRI, providing images of the internal structures of the organs with high spatial resolution, and while species-specific transport sectoralities, properties of assimilate allocation and unloading characteristics were measured using PET. Growth and carbon allocation within complex root systems were monitored in maize plants (Zea mays), and the results may be used to identify factors affecting root growth in natural substrates or in competition with roots of other plants. MRI-PET co-registration opens the door for non-invasive analysis of plant structures and transport processes that may change in response to genomic, developmental or environmental challenges. It is our aim to make the methods applicable for quantitative analyses of plant traits in phenotyping as well as in understanding the dynamics of key processes that are essential to plant performance.}, language = {en} } @article{WedrowskiBruyndonckxTavernieretal.2009, author = {Wedrowski, M. and Bruyndonckx, P. and Tavernier, S. and Zhi, L. and Dang, J. and Mendes, P. R. and Perez, J. M. and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {Robustness of neural networks algorithm for gamma detection in monolithic block detector, positron emission tomography}, series = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)}, journal = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)}, isbn = {1082-3654}, pages = {2625 -- 2628}, year = {2009}, abstract = {The monolithic scintillator block approach for gamma detection in the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) avoids estimating Depth of Interaction (DOI), reduces dead zones in detector and diminishes costs of detector production. Neural Networks (NN) are very efficient to determine the entrance point of a gamma incident on a scintillator block. This paper presents results on the robustness of the spatial resolution as a function of the random fraction in the data, temperature and HV fluctuations. This is important when implementing the method in a real scanner. Measurements were done with two Hamamatsu S8550 APD arrays, glued on a 20 {\~A}— 20 {\~A}— 10 mm3 monolithic LSO crystal block.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunLarueParletal.2009, author = {Streun, M. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {A compact PET detector readout using charge-to-time conversion}, series = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)}, journal = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, isbn = {1082-3654}, pages = {1868 -- 1870}, year = {2009}, abstract = {The readout of gamma detectors is considerably simplified when the event intensity is encoded as a pulse width (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM). Time-to-Digital-Converters (TDC) replace the conventional ADCs and multiple TDCs can be realized easily in one PLD chip (Programmable Logic Device). The output of a PWM stage is only one digital signal per channel which is well suited for transport so that further processing can be performed apart from the detector. This is particularly interesting for large systems with high channel density (e.g. high resolution scanners). In this work we present a circuit with a linear transfer function that requires a minimum of components by performing the PWM already in the preamp stage. This allows a very compact and also cost-efficient implementation of the front-end electronics.}, language = {en} } @article{ParlLarueStreunetal.2011, author = {Parl, C. and Larue, H. and Streun, M. and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {Double-side-readout technique for SiPM-matrices}, series = {2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)}, journal = {2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {1095-7863}, pages = {1486 -- 1487}, year = {2011}, abstract = {In our case the double-side-method is used to minimize the complexity of a matrix-readout. Here the number of channels is reduced to 2√N̅. It is also possible to benefit from the method in a single pixel readout system. One signal can be used to measure position and energy of the event, the other one can be applied to a fast trigger-circuit at the same time. In a next step we will investigate timing behavior and electrical crosstalk of the circuit.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StreunAlKaddoumParletal.2012, author = {Streun, M. and Al-Kaddoum, R. and Parl, C. and Pietrzyk, U. and Ziemons, Karl and Waasen, S. van}, title = {Simulation studies of optical photons in monolithic block scintillators}, series = {2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)}, booktitle = {2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4673-0120-6 (electronic ISBN)}, doi = {10.1109/NSSMIC.2011.6154621}, pages = {1380 -- 1382}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The interest in PET detectors with monolithic block scintillators is growing. In order to obtain high spatial resolutions dedicated positioning algorithms are required. But even an ideal algorithm can only deliver information which is provided by the detector. In this simulation study we investigated the light distribution on one surface of cuboid LSO scintillators of different size. Scintillators with a large aspect ratio (small footprint and large height) showed significant position information only for a minimum interaction depth of the gamma particle. The results allow a quantitative estimate for a useful aspect ratio.}, language = {en} } @article{KhodaverdiPaulySchroderetal.2002, author = {Khodaverdi, M. and Pauly, F. and Schroder, G. and Ziemons, Karl and Sievering, R. and Halling, H.}, title = {Preliminary studies of a micro-CT for a combined small animal PET/CT scanner}, series = {2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3}, journal = {2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {1605 -- 1606}, year = {2002}, abstract = {We are developing an X-ray computed tomography (CT) system which will be combined with a high resolution animal PET system. This permits acquisition of both molecular and anatomical images in a single machine. In particular the CT will also be utilized for the quantification of the animal PET data by providing accurate data for attenuation correction. A first prototype has been built using a commercially available plane silicon diode detector. A cone-beam reconstruction provides the images using the Feldkamp algorithm. First measurements with this system have been performed on a mouse. It could be shown that the CT setup fulfils all demands for a high quality image of the skeleton of the mouse. It is also suited for soft tissue measurements. To improve contrast and resolution and to acquire the X-ray energy further development of the system, especially the use of semiconductor detectors and iterative reconstruction algorithms are planned.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2002, author = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.}, title = {A PET system based on data processing of free-running sampled pulses}, series = {2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2}, journal = {2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {693 -- 694}, year = {2002}, abstract = {Within the developments for the Crystal Clear small animal PET project (CLEARPET) a dual head PET system has been established. The basic principle is the early digitization of the detector pulses by free running ADCs. The determination of the γ-energy and also the coincidence detection is performed by data processing of the sampled pulses on the host computer. Therefore a time mark is attached to each pulse identifying the current cycle of the 40 MHz sampling clock. In order to refine the time resolution the pulse starting time is interpolated from the samples of the pulse rise. The detector heads consist of multichannel PMTs with a single LSO scintillator crystal coupled to each channel. For each PMT only one ADC is required. The position of an event is obtained separately from trigger signals generated for each single channel. An FPGA is utilized for pulse buffering, generation of the time mark and for the data transfer to the host via a fast I/O-interface.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinrichsPietrzykZiemons2003, author = {Heinrichs, U. and Pietrzyk, U. and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {Design optimization of the PMT-ClearPET prototypes based on simulation studies with GEANT3}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, volume = {50}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, number = {5}, isbn = {0018-9499}, pages = {1428 -- 1432}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Within the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC), four centers are developing second generation high performance small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanners for different kinds of animals and medical applications. The first prototypes are photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based systems including depth of interaction (DOI) detection by using a phoswich layer of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) and lutetium yttrium aluminum perovskite (LuYAP). The aim of these simulation studies is to optimize sensitivity and spatial resolution of given designs, which vary in fields of view (FOVs) caused by different detector configurations (ring/octagon) and sizes. For this purpose the simulation tool GEANT3 (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland) was used.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2003, author = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Saleh, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.}, title = {Pulse shape discrimination of LSO and LuYAP scintillators for depth of interaction detection in PET}, series = {2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3}, journal = {2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {1636 -- 1639}, year = {2003}, abstract = {A feasible way to gain the depth of interaction information in a PET scanner is the use of phoswich detectors. In general the layer of interaction is identified front the pulse shape of the corresponding scintillator material. In this work pulses from LSO and LuYAP crystals were investigated in order to find a practical method of distinguishing. It turned out that such a pulse processing could he kept simple due to an additional slow component in the light decay of the LuYAP pulse. At the same time the short decay time guarantees that the major amount of the light output is still collected within a short pulse recording time.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2003, author = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Saleh, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.}, title = {Pulse shape discrimination of LSO and LuYAP scintillators for depth of interaction detection in PET}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, volume = {50}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, number = {3}, isbn = {0018-9499}, pages = {344 -- 347}, year = {2003}, abstract = {A feasible way to gain the depth of interaction information in a positron emission tomography scanner is the use of phoswich detectors. In general, the layer of interaction is identified from the pulse shape of the corresponding scintillator material. In this work, pulses from LSO and LuYAP crystals were investigated in order to find a practical method of distinguishing. It turned out that such a pulse processing could be kept simple because of an additional slow component in the light decay of the LuYAP pulse. At the same time, the short decay time guarantees that the major amount of the light output is still collected within a short pulse recording time.}, language = {en} } @article{KhodaverdiChaziioannouWeberetal.2004, author = {Khodaverdi, M. and Chaziioannou, A. F. and Weber, S. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H. and Pietrzyk, U.}, title = {Investigation of different microCT scanner configurations by GEANT4 simulations}, series = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 4}, journal = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 4}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {2989 -- 2993}, year = {2004}, abstract = {This study has been performed to design the combination of the new ClearPET TM (ClearPET is a trademark of the Crystal Clear Collaboration), a small animal Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system, with a microComputed Tomography (microCT) scanner. The properties of different microCT systems have been determined by simulations based on GEANT4. We demonstrate the influence of the detector material and the X-ray spectrum on the obtained contrast. Four different detector materials (selenium, cadmium zinc telluride, cesium iodide and gadolinium oxysulfide) and two X-ray spectra (a molybdenum and a tungsten source) have been considered. The spectra have also been modified by aluminum filters of varying thickness. The contrast between different tissue types (water, air, brain, bone and fat) has been simulated by using a suitable phantom. The results indicate the possibility to improve the image contrast in microCT by an optimized combination of the X-ray source and detector material.}, language = {en} } @article{ZiemonsAuffrayBarbieretal.2004, author = {Ziemons, Karl and Auffray, E. and Barbier, R. and Brandenburg, G.}, title = {The ClearPET TM LSO/LuYAP phoswich scanner: a high performance small animal PET system}, series = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3}, journal = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {1728 -- 1732}, year = {2004}, abstract = {A 2nd generation high performance small animal PET scanner, called ClearPET™, has been designed and a first prototype is built by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). In order to achieve high sensitivity and maintain good uniform spatial resolution over the field of view in high resolution PET systems, it is necessary to extract the depth of interaction (DOI) information and correct for spatial degradation. The design of the first ClearPET™ Demonstrator based on the use of the multi-anode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64) and a LSO/LuYAP phoswich matrix. The two crystal layers of 8*8 crystals (2*2*10 mm3) are stacked on each other and mounted without light guide as one to one on the PMT. A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the crystal ring is 137 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm. The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the pulse arrival time. Single gamma interactions are recorded and coincidences are found by software. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. The measurements have been done using the first LSO/LuYAP detector cassettes.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunBrandenburgBroekeletal.2004, author = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Br{\"o}kel, M. and Fuss, L. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.}, title = {The ClearPET data acquisition}, series = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 5}, journal = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 5}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {3097 -- 3100}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Within the Crystal Clear Collaboration a modular system for a small animal PET scanner (ClearPET™) has been developed. The modularity allows the assembly of scanners of different sizes and characteristics in order to fit the specific needs of the individual member institutions. Now a first demonstrator is being completed in Julich. The system performs depth of interaction detection by using a phoswich arrangement combining LSO and LuYAP scintillators which are coupled to multi-channel photomultipliers (PMTs). A free-running ADC digitizes the signal from the PMT and the complete scintillation pulses are sampled by an FPGA and sent with 20 MB/S to a PC for preprocessing. The pulse provides information about the gamma energy and the scintillator material which identifies the interaction layer. Furthermore, the exact pulse starting time is obtained from the sampled data. This is important as no hardware coincidence detection is implemented. All single events are recorded and coincidences are identified by software. An advantage of that is that the coincidence window and the dimensions of the field of view can be adjusted easily. The ClearPET™ demonstrator is equipped with 10240 crystals on 80 PMTs. This paper presents an overview of the data acquisition system.}, language = {en} } @article{ChristHollendungLarueetal.2004, author = {Christ, D. and Hollendung, A. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Streun, M. and Weber, S. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.}, title = {Homogenization of the MultiChannel PM gain by inserting light attenuating masks}, series = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 4}, journal = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 4}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {2382 -- 2385}, year = {2004}, abstract = {MultiChannel Photomultipliers (PM), like the R7600-00-M64 or R5900-00-M64 from Hamamatsu, are often chosen as photodetectors in high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET). A major problem of this PM is the nonuniform channel gain. In order to solve this problem, light attenuating masks were created. The aim of the masks is a homogenization of the output of all 64 channels using different hole sizes at the channel positions. The hole area, which is individually defined for the different channels, is inversely proportional to the channel gain. The measurements by inserting light attenuating masks improved a homogenization to a ratio of 1:1.2.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FrotscherRaatschenStaat2012, author = {Frotscher, Ralf and Raatschen, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Staat, Manfred}, title = {Effectiveness of the edge-based smoothed finite element method applied to soft biological tissues}, series = {ESMC-2012 - 8th European Solid Mechanics Conference, Graz, Austria, July 9-13, 2012}, booktitle = {ESMC-2012 - 8th European Solid Mechanics Conference, Graz, Austria, July 9-13, 2012}, editor = {Holzapfel, Gerhard A.}, publisher = {Verlag d. Technischen Universit{\"a}t Graz}, address = {Graz}, isbn = {978-3-85125-223-1}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DuongNguyenStaat2012, author = {Duong, Minh Tuan and Nguyen, Nhu Hunyh and Staat, Manfred}, title = {Finite Element Implementation of a 3D Fung-type Model}, series = {ESMC-2012 - 8th European Solid Mechanics Conference, Graz, Austria, July 9-13, 2012}, booktitle = {ESMC-2012 - 8th European Solid Mechanics Conference, Graz, Austria, July 9-13, 2012}, publisher = {Verlag d. Technischen Universit{\"a}t Graz}, address = {Graz}, isbn = {978-3-85125-223-1}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{ZiemonsHeinrichsStreunetal.2004, author = {Ziemons, Karl and Heinrichs, U. and Streun, M. and Pietrzyk, U.}, title = {Validation of GEANT3 simulation studies with a dual-head PMT ClearPET™ prototype}, series = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 5}, journal = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 5}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {3053 -- 3056}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The ClearPET™ project is proposed by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC) to develop a 2nd generation high performance small animal positron emission tomograph (PET). High sensitivity and high spatial resolution is foreseen for the ClearPET™ camera by using a phoswich arrangement combining mixed lutetium yttrium aluminum perovskite (LuYAP:Ce) and lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillating crystals. Design optimizations for the first photomultiplier tube (PMT) based ClearPET camera are done with a Monte-Carlo simulation package implemented on GEANT3 (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland). A dual-head prototype has been built to test the frontend electronics and was used to validate the implementation of the GEANT3 simulation tool. Multiple simulations were performed following the experimental protocols to measure the intrinsic resolution and the sensitivity profile in axial and radial direction. Including a mean energy resolution of about 27.0\% the simulated intrinsic resolution is about (1.41±0.11)mm compared to the measured of (1.48±0.06)mm. The simulated sensitivity profiles show a mean square deviation of 12.6\% in axial direction and 3.6\% in radial direction. Satisfactorily these results are representative for all designs and confirm the scanner geometry.}, language = {en} } @article{AuffrayBruyndonckxDevroedeetal.2004, author = {Auffray, E. and Bruyndonckx, P. and Devroede, O. and Fedorov, A. and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {The ClearPET project}, series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, volume = {527}, journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, number = {1-2}, isbn = {0168-9002}, pages = {171 -- 174}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The Crystal Clear Collaboration has designed and is building a high-resolution small animal PET scanner. The design is based on the use of the Hamamatsu R7600-M64 multi-anode photomultiplier tube and a LSO/LuYAP phoswich matrix with one to one coupling between the crystals and the photo-detector. The complete system will have 80 PM tubes in four rings with an inner diameter of 137 mm and an axial field of view of 110 mm. The PM pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the pulse arrival time. Single gamma interactions are recorded and coincidences are found by software. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. Simulations, and measurements a 2×4 module test set-up predict a spatial resolution of 1.5 mm in the centre of the field of view and a sensitivity of 5.9\% for a point source in the centre of the field of view.}, language = {en} } @article{StreunChristHellendungetal.2005, author = {Streun, M. and Christ, D. and Hellendung, A. and Larue, H. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.}, title = {Effects of crosstalk and gain nonuniformity using multichannel PMTs in the Clearpet® scanner}, series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, volume = {537}, journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, number = {1-2}, isbn = {0168-9002}, pages = {402 -- 405}, year = {2005}, abstract = {The ClearPET® scanners developed by the Crystal Clear Collaboration use multichannel PMTs as photodetectors with scintillator pixels coupled individually to each channel. In order to localize an event each channel anode is connected to a comparator that triggers when the anode signal exceeds a common predefined threshold. Two major difficulties here are crosstalk of light and the gain nonuniformity of the PMT channels. Crosstalk can generate false triggering in channels adjacent to the actual event. On the one hand this can be suppressed by sufficiently increasing the threshold, but on the other hand a threshold too high can already prevent valid events on the lower gain channels from being detected. Finally, both effects restrict the dynamic range of pulse heights that can be processed. The requirements to the dynamic range are not low as the ClearPET® scanners detect the depth of interaction by phoswich pixels consisting of LSO and Lu0.7Y0.3AP, two scintillators with different light yields. We will present a model to estimate the achievable dynamic range and show solutions to increase it.}, language = {en} } @article{ZiemonsAuffrayBarbieretal.2005, author = {Ziemons, Karl and Auffray, E. and Barbier, R. and Brandenburg, G. and Bruyndonckx, P.}, title = {The ClearPET™ project: Development of a 2nd generation high-performance small animal PET scanner}, series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, volume = {537}, journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}, number = {1-2}, issn = {0168-9002}, pages = {307 -- 311}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Second generation high-performance PET scanners, called ClearPET™1, have been developed by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). High sensitivity and high spatial resolution for the ClearPET camera is achieved by using a phoswich arrangement combining two different types of lutetium-based scintillator materials: LSO from CTI and LuYAP:Ce from the CCC (ISTC project). In a first ClearPET prototype, phoswich arrangements of 8×8 crystals of 2×2×10 mm3 are coupled to multi-channel photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu R7600). A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the ring is 120 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm.The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the exact pulse starting time, which is subsequently used for coincidence detection. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. Preliminary data shows a correct identification of the crystal layer about (98±1)\%. Typically the energy resolution is (23.3±0.5)\% for the luyap layer and (15.4±0.4)\% for the lso layer. early studies showed the timing resolution of 2 ns FWHM and 4.8 ns FWTM. the intrinsic spatial resolution ranges from 1.37 mm to 1.61 mm full-width of half-maximum (FWHM) with a mean of 1.48 mm FWHM. further improvements in image and energy resolution are expected when the system geometry is fully modeled.}, language = {en} } @article{Ziemons1987, author = {Ziemons, Karl}, title = {Jet production and fragmentation properties in deep inelastic muon scattering}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik C : Particles and Fields}, volume = {36}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik C : Particles and Fields}, number = {4}, isbn = {0170-9739}, pages = {527 -- 543}, year = {1987}, language = {en} } @article{Ziemons1988, author = {Ziemons, Karl}, title = {A measurement of the spin asymmetry of the structure function g1 in deep inelastic muon-proton scattering}, series = {Physics Letters B}, volume = {206}, journal = {Physics Letters B}, number = {2}, isbn = {0370-2693}, pages = {364 -- 370}, year = {1988}, abstract = {The spin asymmetry in deep inelastic scattering of longitudinally polarised muons by longitudinally polarised protons has been measured over a large x range (0.01}, isbn = {978-1-61208-271-4}, pages = {108 -- 114}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{BohrnMuchaWerneretal.2013, author = {Bohrn, Ulrich and Mucha, Andreas and Werner, Frederik and Trattner, Barbara and B{\"a}cker, Matthias and Krumbe, Christoph and Schienle, Meinrad and St{\"u}tz, Evamaria and Schmitt-Landsiedel, Doris and Fleischer, Maximilian and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {A critical comparison of cell-based sensor systems for the detection of Cr (VI) in aquatic environment}, series = {Sensors and actuators. B: Chemical}, volume = {Vol. 182}, journal = {Sensors and actuators. B: Chemical}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-3077 (E-Journal); 0925-4005 (Print)}, pages = {58 -- 65}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberPorschenDietzeletal.1978, author = {Weber, Hans-Joachim and Porschen, W. and Dietzel, F. and [u.a.],}, title = {In vivo analysis of the influence of combined hyperthermia and gamma irradiation on euoxic and hypoxic tumor cells}, series = {Cancer therapy by hyperthermia and radiation : [proceedings of the 2. International Symposium on Cancer Therapy by Hyperthermia and Radiation, Essen, 2.-4.6.1977]}, booktitle = {Cancer therapy by hyperthermia and radiation : [proceedings of the 2. International Symposium on Cancer Therapy by Hyperthermia and Radiation, Essen, 2.-4.6.1977]}, editor = {Streffer, Christian}, publisher = {Urban and Schwarzenberg}, address = {Baltimore ; Munich [u.a.]}, isbn = {0-8067-1701-7}, pages = {276 -- 277}, year = {1978}, language = {en} } @article{PorschenGartzenGewehretal.1978, author = {Porschen, W. and Gartzen, J. and Gewehr, K. and M{\"u}hlensiepen, H. and Weber, Hans-Joachim and [u.a.],}, title = {In vivo assay of the radiation sensitivity of hypoxic tumour cells : influence of γ-rays, cyclotron neutrons, misonidazole, hyperthermia and mixed modalities}, series = {The British journal of cancer / Supplement}, journal = {The British journal of cancer / Supplement}, number = {3}, publisher = {Lewis}, address = {London}, issn = {0306-9443}, pages = {194 -- 197}, year = {1978}, abstract = {Tumour cell death can be evaluated in the living mouse by externally measuring the rate of loss of tumour-bound DNA tracer. By sequentially labelling the tumour-bearing animals with ¹²⁵IUdR and ¹³¹IUdR 50 h apart, the average tumour cells at the time of the second injection are labelled by ¹²⁵IUdR and the euoxic tumour cells are specifically labelled with ¹³¹IUdR. Tumour treatment at this stage of labelling permits the observation of the reaction of euoxic cells and average tumour cells and finally yields data on hypoxic cells and thus on the oxygen enhancement ratio. This information adds to results from tumour control and growth delay. With this technique effects were analysed of 60-Co γ-rays, cyclotron neutrons (E = 6 MeV), misonidazole (500 mg/kg body wt) and hyperthermia (42°C water-bath), or combinations of these. Misonidazole (15 min before irradiation) altered the oxygen enhancement ratio by a factor of 1·5 for γ-rays and of 1·1 for neutrons; when evaluated from tumour-growth delay and TCD-50 misonidazole gave a dose modifying factor of 1·47 for γ-rays and of 1·2-1·3 for neutrons. Based on percentage tumour regression 100 days after treatment, the enhancement ratio from hyperthermia (after irradiation) was 2·75 for γ-rays (at 10 Gray) and 2·2 for neutrons (at 3·2 Gray). For neutrons combined with misonidazole and hyperthermia the ratio was 2·4. These results demonstrate that effects of neutron irradiation may be modified by electron-affinic substances and/or hyperthermia.}, language = {en} } @article{KramerHalamkovaPoghossianetal.2013, author = {Kramer, Friederike and Halamkova, Lenka and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Katz, Evgeny and Halamek, Jan}, title = {Biocatalytic analysis of biomarkers for forensic identification of ethnicity between Caucasian and African American}, series = {The analyst. August 2013}, volume = {Vol. 138}, journal = {The analyst. August 2013}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1364-5528 (E-Journal); 0003-2654 (Print)}, pages = {6251 -- 6257}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{Laack2013, author = {Laack, Walter van}, title = {The genetic code should be seen as a positioning code}, series = {British journal of arts and social sciences. Vol. 14 (2013), No. 1}, journal = {British journal of arts and social sciences. Vol. 14 (2013), No. 1}, issn = {2046-9578}, pages = {93 -- 97}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{SchusserMenzelBaeckeretal.2013, author = {Schusser, Sebastian and Menzel, S. and B{\"a}cker, Matthias and Leinhos, Marcel and Poghossian, Arshak and Wagner, P. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Degradation of thin poly(lactic acid) films: characterization by capacitance-voltage, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact-angle measurements}, series = {Electrochimica Acta}, volume = {Vol. 113}, journal = {Electrochimica Acta}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-3859 (E-Journal); 0013-4686 (Print)}, pages = {779 -- 784}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{Laack2013, author = {Laack, Walter van}, title = {Why natural constants are as they are}, series = {British journal of arts and social sciences}, volume = {Vol. 15}, journal = {British journal of arts and social sciences}, number = {Nr. 2}, publisher = {BritishJournal Publ. Inc}, address = {London}, issn = {2046-9578 (E-Journal)}, pages = {198 -- 203}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{Staat2013, author = {Staat, Manfred}, title = {Limit and shakedown analysis under uncertainty}, series = {International journal of computational methods : IJCM}, journal = {International journal of computational methods : IJCM}, publisher = {World Scientific Publishing}, address = {Singapore}, issn = {0219-8762}, pages = {Publ. online}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @incollection{TranStaat2014, author = {Tran, Thanh Ngoc and Staat, Manfred}, title = {Shakedown analysis of Reissner-Mindlin plates using the edge-based smoothed finite element method}, series = {Direct methods for limit states in structures and materials / Dieter Weichert ; Alan Ponter, ed.}, booktitle = {Direct methods for limit states in structures and materials / Dieter Weichert ; Alan Ponter, ed.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-94-007-6826-0 (Print) 978-94-007-6827-7 (Online)}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-6827-7_5}, pages = {101 -- 117}, year = {2014}, abstract = {This paper concerns the development of a primal-dual algorithm for limit and shakedown analysis of Reissner-Mindlin plates made of von Mises material. At each optimization iteration, the lower bound of the shakedown load multiplier is calculated simultaneously with the upper bound using the duality theory. An edge-based smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) combined with the discrete shear gap (DSG) technique is used to improve the accuracy of the solutions and to avoid the transverse shear locking behaviour. The method not only possesses all inherent features of convergence and accuracy from ES-FEM, but also ensures that the total number of variables in the optimization problem is kept to a minimum compared with the standard finite element formulation. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FrotscherGossmannTemizArtmannetal.2013, author = {Frotscher, Ralf and Goßmann, Matthias and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Staat, Manfred}, title = {Simulation of cardiac cell-seeded membranes using the edge-based smoothed FEM}, series = {1st International Conference "Shell and Membrane Theories in Mechanics and Biology: From Macro- to Nanoscale Structures", Minsk, Belarus, Sept. 16-20, 2013}, booktitle = {1st International Conference "Shell and Membrane Theories in Mechanics and Biology: From Macro- to Nanoscale Structures", Minsk, Belarus, Sept. 16-20, 2013}, publisher = {Verl. d. Weißruss. Staatl. Univ.}, address = {Minsk}, organization = {International Conference Shell and Membrane Theories in Mechanics and Biology: From Macro- to Nanoscale Structures <1, 2013, Minsk>}, isbn = {978-985-553-135-8}, pages = {165 -- 167}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{IkenAhlbornGerlachetal.2013, author = {Iken, Heiko and Ahlborn, K. and Gerlach, F. and Vonau, W. and Zander, W. and Schubert, J. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Development of redox glasses and subsequent processing by means of pulsed laser deposition for realizing silicon-based thin-film sensors}, series = {Electrochimica acta}, journal = {Electrochimica acta}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-3859 (E-Journal); 0013-4686 (Print)}, pages = {Available online 30.8.2013}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{Laack2013, author = {Laack, Walter van}, title = {Our world is well ordered in measurement and number : or why natural constants are as they are}, series = {American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (AHSS)}, volume = {1}, journal = {American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (AHSS)}, number = {4}, issn = {2329-079X}, doi = {10.11634/232907811301390}, pages = {219 -- 221}, year = {2013}, abstract = {All the important natural constants can be logically explained with and derived from the first four ordinal numbers, 1, 2, 3 and 4, its addition to ten and finally the standard values for obviously maximal feasibility Ω and the optimum in our world, the Golden Section (GS), i.e. the number sequences 273 and 618. They both are the first three numbers of irrational results by an arithmetical transformation of simple geometrical relationships by creating multiplicity out of singularity. Both of them show that the infinite is inherent in finiteness and explain in a simple way the smallest deviations and fluctuations between the physical AS-IS state and the obvious spiritual ideal behind: Wherever we look in this world, and especially in important key-positions, we regularly find these sequences. All of the above mentioned numbers so seem to be key players in our world, what can be demonstrated by the derivation of natural constants.}, language = {en} } @article{BandodkarMolinnusMirzaetal.2014, author = {Bandodkar, Amay J. and Molinnus, Denise and Mirza, Omar and Guinovart, Tomas and Windmiller, Joshua R. and Valdes-Ramirez, Gabriela and Andrade, Francisco J. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Wang, Joseph}, title = {Epidermal tattoo potentiometric sodium sensors with wireless signal transduction for continuous non-invasive sweat monitoring}, series = {Biosensors and bioelectronics}, volume = {54}, journal = {Biosensors and bioelectronics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-4235 (E-Journal); 0956-5663 (Print)}, doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.039}, pages = {603 -- 609}, year = {2014}, abstract = {This article describes the fabrication, characterization and application of an epidermal temporary-transfer tattoo-based potentiometric sensor, coupled with a miniaturized wearable wireless transceiver, for real-time monitoring of sodium in the human perspiration. Sodium excreted during perspiration is an excellent marker for electrolyte imbalance and provides valuable information regarding an individual's physical and mental wellbeing. The realization of the new skin-worn non-invasive tattoo-like sensing device has been realized by amalgamating several state-of-the-art thick film, laser printing, solid-state potentiometry, fluidics and wireless technologies. The resulting tattoo-based potentiometric sodium sensor displays a rapid near-Nernstian response with negligible carryover effects, and good resiliency against various mechanical deformations experienced by the human epidermis. On-body testing of the tattoo sensor coupled to a wireless transceiver during exercise activity demonstrated its ability to continuously monitor sweat sodium dynamics. The real-time sweat sodium concentration was transmitted wirelessly via a body-worn transceiver from the sodium tattoo sensor to a notebook while the subjects perspired on a stationary cycle. The favorable analytical performance along with the wearable nature of the wireless transceiver makes the new epidermal potentiometric sensing system attractive for continuous monitoring the sodium dynamics in human perspiration during diverse activities relevant to the healthcare, fitness, military, healthcare and skin-care domains.}, language = {en} } @article{ReisertGeisslerFloerkeetal.2013, author = {Reisert, Steffen and Geissler, Hanno and Fl{\"o}rke, Rudolf and Weiler, Christian and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Characterisation of aseptic sterilisation processes using an electronic nose}, series = {International journal of nanotechnology}, volume = {Vol. 10}, journal = {International journal of nanotechnology}, number = {No. 5-7}, publisher = {Inderscience Enterprises}, address = {Gen{\`e}ve}, issn = {1475-7435 (Print) 7141-8151 (Online)}, pages = {470 -- 484}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{JungStaatMueller2013, author = {Jung, Alexander and Staat, Manfred and M{\"u}ller, Wolfram}, title = {Flight style optimization in ski jumping on normal, large, and ski flying hills}, series = {Journal of biomechanics}, volume = {Vol. 47}, journal = {Journal of biomechanics}, number = {Iss. 3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-2380 (E-Journal); 0021-9290 (Print)}, pages = {716 -- 722}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{Dikta2014, author = {Dikta, Gerhard}, title = {Asymptotically efficient estimation under semi-parametric random censorship models}, series = {Journal of multivariate analysis}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of multivariate analysis}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1095-7243 (E-Journal); 0047-259X (Print)}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmva.2013.10.002}, pages = {10 -- 24}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We study the estimation of some linear functionals which are based on an unknown lifetime distribution. The observations are assumed to be generated under the semi-parametric random censorship model (SRCM), that is, a random censorship model where the conditional expectation of the censoring indicator given the observation belongs to a parametric family. Under this setup a semi-parametric estimator of the survival function was introduced by the author. If the parametric model assumption is correct, it is known that the estimated functional which is based on this semi-parametric estimator is asymptotically at least as efficient as the corresponding one which rests on the nonparametric Kaplan-Meier estimator. In this paper we show that the estimated functional which is based on this semi-parametric estimator is asymptotically efficient with respect to the class of all regular estimators under this semi-parametric model.}, language = {en} } @article{MiyamotoHirayamaWagneretal.2013, author = {Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro and Hirayama, Yuji and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo}, title = {Visualization of enzymatic reaction in a microfluidic channel using chemical imaging sensor}, series = {Electrochimica acta}, journal = {Electrochimica acta}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-3859 (E-Journal); 0013-4686 (Print)}, pages = {Publ. online}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{JiminezGermanBehbahaniMiettinenetal.2013, author = {Jiminez German, Salvador and Behbahani, Mehdi and Miettinen, Susanna and Grijpma, Dirk W. and Haimi, Suvi P.}, title = {Proliferation and differentiation of adipose stem cells towards smooth muscle cells on poly(trimethylene carbonate) membranes}, series = {Macromolecular symposia}, volume = {Vol. 334}, journal = {Macromolecular symposia}, number = {Iss. 1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0258-0322}, pages = {133 -- 142}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{MiciliValterOflazetal.2013, author = {Micili, Serap C. and Valter, Markus and Oflaz, Hakan and Ozogul, Candan and Linder, Peter and F{\"o}ckler, Nicole and Artmann, Gerhard and Digel, Ilya and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l}, title = {Optical coherence tomography : a potential tool to predict premature rupture of fetal membranes}, series = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H : Journal of engineering in medicine}, volume = {Vol. 227}, journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H : Journal of engineering in medicine}, number = {No. 4}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {0046-2039 (Print) ; 2041-3033 (E-Journal)}, pages = {393 -- 401}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @misc{AbdelghaniMenaaObareetal.2013, author = {Abdelghani, Adnane and Menaa, Bouzid and Obare, Sherine O. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Special issue on nanoscale science and technology / guest eds.: Adnane Abdelghani, Bouzid Menaa, Sherine O. Obare, Michael J. Sch{\"o}ning}, series = {International journal of nanotechnology}, volume = {Vol. 10}, journal = {International journal of nanotechnology}, number = {No. 5-7}, issn = {1741-8151 (E-Journal), 1475-7435 (Print)}, pages = {373 -- 619}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @misc{IngebrandtWagnerSchoening2013, author = {Ingebrandt, Sven and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Engineering of functional interfaces / guest eds. Sven Ingebrandt ; Patrick Wagner ; Michael J. Sch{\"o}ning}, series = {Physica Status Solidi (A)}, volume = {Vol. 210}, journal = {Physica Status Solidi (A)}, number = {Iss. 5}, issn = {1521-396X (E-Journal); 1862-6319 (E-Journal); 0031-8965 (Print); 1862-6300 (Print)}, pages = {845}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WuPoghossianWerneretal.2013, author = {Wu, Chunsheng and Poghossian, Arshak and Werner, Frederik and Bronder, Thomas and B{\"a}cker, Matthias and Wang, Ping and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {An application of a scanning light-addressable potentiometric sensor for label-free DNA detection}, series = {11. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium : 9.-11.12.2013}, booktitle = {11. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium : 9.-11.12.2013}, organization = {Dresdner Sensor-Symposium <11, 2013>}, isbn = {978-3-9813484-5-3}, pages = {164 -- 168}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{BuniatyanHuckPoghossianetal.2013, author = {Buniatyan, V. and Huck, Christina and Poghossian, Arshak and Aroutiounian, V. M. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {BaxSr1-x TiO3/pc-Si heterojunction capacitance}, series = {Armenian journal of physics}, volume = {6}, journal = {Armenian journal of physics}, number = {4}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences of Armenia}, address = {Yerevan}, issn = {1829-1171}, pages = {188 -- 197}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{BuniatyanHuckPoghossianetal.2013, author = {Buniatyan, V. and Huck, Christina and Poghossian, Arshak and Aroutiounian, V. M. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {BaxSr1-x TiO3/pc-Si heterojunction}, series = {Armenian journal of physics}, volume = {6}, journal = {Armenian journal of physics}, number = {4}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences of Armenia}, address = {Yerevan}, issn = {1829-1171}, pages = {177 -- 187}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{MiyamotoItabashiWagneretal.2014, author = {Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro and Itabashi, Akinori and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo}, title = {High-speed chemical imaging inside a microfluidic channel}, series = {Sensors and actuators. B: Chemical}, volume = {194}, journal = {Sensors and actuators. B: Chemical}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-3077 (E-Journal); 0925-4005 (Print)}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2013.12.090}, pages = {521 -- 527}, year = {2014}, abstract = {In this study, a high-speed chemical imaging system was developed for visualization of the interior of a microfluidic channel. A microfluidic channel was constructed on the sensor surface of the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), on which the ion concentrations could be measured in parallel at up to 64 points illuminated by optical fibers. The temporal change of pH distribution inside the microfluidic channel was recorded at a maximum rate of 100 frames per second (fps). The high frame rate allowed visualization of moving interfaces and plugs in the channel even at a flow velocity of 111 mm/s, which suggests the feasibility of plug-based microfluidic devices for flow-injection analysis (FIA).}, language = {en} } @article{Laack2014, author = {Laack, Walter van}, title = {Nature is much smarter than expected: the Genetic Code is not degenerate}, series = {American journal of humanities and social sciences}, volume = {Vol. 2}, journal = {American journal of humanities and social sciences}, number = {No. 1}, issn = {2329-0781 (Print) ; 2329-079X (Online)}, pages = {10 -- 12}, year = {2014}, abstract = {In any books about genetics it can still today be read that our genetic code is called "degenerate" because it is still believed that 43 = 64 triplets encode the 20 essential amino acids. Indeed we have to assume the inverse law, what means that 34 = 81 exact code positions are really effective for our genetic code and encode the amino acids, compiled to proteins. This very important discovery leads to two completely new results that are limits-overlooking: 1) 34 (=81) genetic code positions mean exactly the same number as there are stable and naturally existing chemical elements in our universe. This famous argument should now lead to some alternative, as well as new fundamental conclusions about our existence. 2) A genetic code positioning system shows that nature is much smarter than expected: mutations are made less dangerous than believed, because they won't be that easily able any more to cause severe damages in the protein-synthesis. This should also lead to some alternative views upon evolution of life.}, language = {en} } @article{MoseleyHalamekKrameretal.2014, author = {Moseley, Fiona and Halamek, Jan and Kramer, Friederike and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Katz, Evgeny}, title = {An enzyme-based reversible CNOT logic gate realized in a flow system}, series = {Analyst}, volume = {139}, journal = {Analyst}, number = {8}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1364-5528 (E-Journal) ; 0003-2654 (Print)}, doi = {10.1039/C4AN00133H}, pages = {1839 -- 1842}, year = {2014}, abstract = {An enzyme system organized in a flow device was used to mimic a reversible Controlled NOT (CNOT) gate with two input and two output signals. Reversible conversion of NAD⁺ and NADH cofactors was used to perform a XOR logic operation, while biocatalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate resulted in an Identity operation working in parallel. The first biomolecular realization of a CNOT gate is promising for integration into complex biomolecular networks and future biosensor/biomedical applications.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TersteggeWeberHerzogetal.1997, author = {Terstegge, Andreas and Weber, S. and Herzog, H. and M{\"u}ller-G{\"a}rtner, H. W. and Halling, H.}, title = {Design and implementation aspects of a 3D reconstruction algorithm for the J{\"u}lich TierPET system}, series = {1997 International Meeting on Fully ThreeDimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine : 3D97}, booktitle = {1997 International Meeting on Fully ThreeDimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine : 3D97}, pages = {170 -- 173}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberTersteggeEngelsetal.1996, author = {Weber, S. and Terstegge, Andreas and Engels, R. and Herzog, H. and Reinartz, R. and Reinhart, P. and Rongen, F. and M{\"u}ller-G{\"a}rtner, H. W. and Halling, H.}, title = {The KFA TierPET: performance characteristics and measurements}, series = {Conference record / 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium [and Medical Imaging], November 2 - 9, 1996, Anaheim, California ; vol. 2}, booktitle = {Conference record / 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium [and Medical Imaging], November 2 - 9, 1996, Anaheim, California ; vol. 2}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, organization = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, isbn = {0-7803-3534-1}, issn = {1082-3654}, pages = {1117 -- 1119}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberTersteggeHallingetal.1995, author = {Weber, S. and Terstegge, Andreas and Halling, H. and Herzog, H. and Reinartz, R. and Reinhart, P. and Rongen, F. and M{\"u}ller-G{\"a}rtner, H.-W.}, title = {The design of an animal PET: flexible geometry for achieving optimal spatial resolution or high sensitivity}, series = {Conference record / 1995 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging, October 21 - 28, 1995, San Francisco ; vol. 2}, booktitle = {Conference record / 1995 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging, October 21 - 28, 1995, San Francisco ; vol. 2}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, organization = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, isbn = {078033180X ; 0780331818 ; 0780331826}, pages = {1002 -- 1005}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{ArinkinDigelPorstetal.2014, author = {Arinkin, Vladimir and Digel, Ilya and Porst, Dariusz and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Artmann, Gerhard}, title = {Phenotyping date palm varieties via leaflet cross-sectional imaging and artificial neural network application}, series = {BMC bioinformatics}, volume = {15}, journal = {BMC bioinformatics}, number = {55}, issn = {1471-2105}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2105-15-55}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background True date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are impressive trees and have served as an indispensable source of food for mankind in tropical and subtropical countries for centuries. The aim of this study is to differentiate date palm tree varieties by analysing leaflet cross sections with technical/optical methods and artificial neural networks (ANN). Results Fluorescence microscopy images of leaflet cross sections have been taken from a set of five date palm tree cultivars (Hewlat al Jouf, Khlas, Nabot Soltan, Shishi, Um Raheem). After features extraction from images, the obtained data have been fed in a multilayer perceptron ANN with backpropagation learning algorithm. Conclusions Overall, an accurate result in prediction and differentiation of date palm tree cultivars was achieved with average prediction in tenfold cross-validation is 89.1\% and reached 100\% in one of the best ANN.}, language = {en} } @article{SawadaNakazawaTakenagaetal.2014, author = {Sawada, Kazuaki and Nakazawa, Hirokazu and Takenaga, Shoko and Hizawa, Takeshi and Futagawa, Masato and Dasai, Fumihiro and Sakurai, Takashi and Okumura, Koichi and Hattori, Toshiaki and Ishida, Makoto}, title = {Multimodal bioimage sensor}, series = {IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, communidations and computer sciences}, volume = {E97-A (2014)}, journal = {IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, communidations and computer sciences}, number = {3}, publisher = {IEICE}, address = {Tokyo}, issn = {0916-8508 (Print) ; 1745-1337 (Online)}, doi = {10.1587/transfun.E97.A.726}, pages = {726 -- 733}, year = {2014}, abstract = {To visualize the biochemical distribution two-dimensionally, we invented a solid-state-type ion image sensor that indicates the chemical activity of solutions and cells. The device, which consists of a CCD array covered with a functionalized membrane to detect charge accumulation, is highly sensitive to changes in the concentration and two-dimensional distribution of ions and biomaterials.}, language = {en} }