@article{DachwaldCarnelliVasile2006,
  author    = {Dachwald, Bernd and Carnelli, I. and Vasile, M.},
  title     = {Evolutionary Neurocontrol as a Novel Method for Low-Thrust Gravity Assist Trajectory Optimization / I. Carnelli ; B. Dachwald ; M. Vasile},
  series = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Symposium on Space Technology and Science (Selected papers) : Kanazawa, [June 4 through June 11, 2006, at Kanazawa-shi Kanko Kaikan in Kanazawa city] / [Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Kohtaro Matsumoto [ed.-in-chief]},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Symposium on Space Technology and Science (Selected papers) : Kanazawa, [June 4 through June 11, 2006, at Kanazawa-shi Kanko Kaikan in Kanazawa city] / [Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Kohtaro Matsumoto [ed.-in-chief]},
  publisher = {JSASS},
  address   = {Tokyo},
  isbn      = {4-99005-002-9},
  pages     = {569 -- 574},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DachwaldCarnelliVasile2009,
  author    = {Dachwald, Bernd and Carnelli, Ian and Vasile, Massimiliano},
  title     = {Evolutionary Neurocontrol: A Novel Method for Low-Thrust Gravity-Assist Trajectory Optimization / Carnelli, Ian ; Dachwald, Bernd ; Vasile, Massimiliano},
  series = {Journal of guidance control and dynamics. 32 (2009), H. 2},
  journal   = {Journal of guidance control and dynamics. 32 (2009), H. 2},
  publisher = {AIAA},
  address   = {Reston, Va.},
  isbn      = {0731-5090},
  pages     = {616 -- 625},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Dachwald2004,
  author    = {Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Evolutionary Neurocontrol: A Smart Method for Global Optimization of Low-Thrust Trajectories},
  series = {22nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference and Exhibit - AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit : 16 - 19 August 2004, Providence, Rhode Island / American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. - (AIAA meeting papers on disc ; 2004,14-15)},
  journal   = {22nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference and Exhibit - AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit : 16 - 19 August 2004, Providence, Rhode Island / American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. - (AIAA meeting papers on disc ; 2004,14-15)},
  publisher = {American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics},
  address   = {Reston, Va.},
  pages     = {2 CD-ROMs},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OlaruKowalskiSethietal.2012,
  author    = {Olaru, Alexandra Maria and Kowalski, Julia and Sethi, Vaishali and Bl{\"u}mich, Bernhard},
  title     = {Exchange relaxometry of flow at small P{\´e}clet numbers in a glass bead pack},
  series = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance (JMR)},
  volume    = {220},
  journal   = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance (JMR)},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1096-0856},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jmr.2012.04.015},
  pages     = {32 -- 44},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In this paper we consider low P{\´e}clet number flow in bead packs. A series of relaxation exchange experiments has been conducted and evaluated by ILT analysis. In the resulting correlation maps, we observed a collapse of the signal and a translation towards smaller relaxation times with increasing flow rates, as well as a signal tilt with respect to the diagonal. In the discussion of the phenomena we present a mathematical theory for relaxation exchange experiments that considers both diffusive and advective transport. We perform simulations based on this theory and discuss them with respect to the conducted experiments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HajAyedKustererFunkeetal.2015,
  author    = {Haj Ayed, A. and Kusterer, K. and Funke, Harald and Keinz, Jan and Striegan, Constantin and Bohn, D.},
  title     = {Experimental and numerical investigations of the dry-low-NOx hydrogen micromix combustion chamber of an industrial gas turbine},
  series = {Propulsion and power research},
  volume    = {Vol. 4},
  journal   = {Propulsion and power research},
  number    = {Iss. 3},
  issn      = {2212-540X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jppr.2015.07.005},
  pages     = {123 -- 131},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeDickhoffKeinzetal.2014,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Dickhoff, J. and Keinz, Jan and Anis, H. A. and Parente, A. and Hendrick, P.},
  title     = {Experimental and numerical study of the micromix combustion principle applied for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas as fuel with increased energy density for industrial gas turbine applications},
  series = {Energy procedia},
  journal   = {Energy procedia},
  number    = {61},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1876-6102 (E-Journal)},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.201},
  pages     = {1736 -- 1739},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The Dry Low NOx (DLN) Micromix combustion principle with increased energy density is adapted for the industrial gas turbine APU GTCP 36-300 using hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas with a composition of 90\%-Vol. hydrogen (H₂) and 10\%-Vol. carbon-monoxide (CO). Experimental and numerical studies of several combustor geometries for hydrogen and syngas show the successful advance of the DLN Micromix combustion from pure hydrogen to hydrogen-rich syngas. The impact of the different fuel properties on the combustion principle and aerodynamic flame stabilization design laws, flow field, flame structure and emission characteristics is investigated by numerical analysis using a hybrid Eddy Break Up combustion model and validated against experimental results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeKeinzKustereretal.2016,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Keinz, Jan and Kusterer, Karsten and Ayed, Anis Haj and Kazari, Masahide and Kitajima, Junichi and Horikawa, Atsushi and Okada, Kunio},
  title     = {Experimental and Numerical Study on Optimizing the Dry Low NOₓ Micromix Hydrogen Combustion Principle for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications},
  series = {Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {ASME},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {1948-5093},
  doi       = {10.1115/1.4034849},
  pages     = {021001 -- 021001-10},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel for future low-emission power generation. Due to the difference in the physical properties of hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas, well-established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied to dry low NOₓ (DLN) hydrogen combustion. The DLN micromix combustion of hydrogen has been under development for many years, since it has the promise to significantly reduce NOₓ emissions. This combustion principle for air-breathing engines is based on crossflow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen. Air and hydrogen react in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type flames with an inherent safety against flashback and with low NOₓ emissions due to a very short residence time of the reactants in the flame region. The paper presents an advanced DLN micromix hydrogen application. The experimental and numerical study shows a combustor configuration with a significantly reduced number of enlarged fuel injectors with high-thermal power output at constant energy density. Larger fuel injectors reduce manufacturing costs, are more robust and less sensitive to fuel contamination and blockage in industrial environments. The experimental and numerical results confirm the successful application of high-energy injectors, while the DLN micromix characteristics of the design point, under part-load conditions, and under off-design operation are maintained. Atmospheric test rig data on NOₓ emissions, optical flame-structure, and combustor material temperatures are compared to numerical simulations and show good agreement. The impact of the applied scaling and design laws on the miniaturized micromix flamelets is particularly investigated numerically for the resulting flow field, the flame-structure, and NOₓ formation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeBoernerKrebsetal.2011,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and B{\"o}rner, Sebastian and Krebs, W. and Wolf, E.},
  title     = {Experimental Characterization of Low NOx Micromix Prototype Combustors for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications},
  series = {ASME Turbo Expo 2011 ; Vancouver, Canada, June 6-10, 2011},
  journal   = {ASME Turbo Expo 2011 ; Vancouver, Canada, June 6-10, 2011},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BohnFunke2003,
  author    = {Bohn, Dieter and Funke, Harald},
  title     = {Experimental investigations into the nonuniform flow in a 4-stage turbine with special focus on the flow equalization in the first turbine stage},
  series = {ASME TURBO EXPO, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo, 2003},
  journal   = {ASME TURBO EXPO, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo, 2003},
  isbn      = {0-7918-3689-4},
  pages     = {281 -- 289},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReckerBosschaertsWagemakersetal.2010,
  author    = {Recker, Elmar and Bosschaerts, Walter and Wagemakers, Rolf and Hendrick, Patrick and Funke, Harald and B{\"o}rner, Sebastian},
  title     = {Experimental study of a round jet in cross-flow at low momentum ratio},
  series = {15th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics Lisbon, Portugal, 05-08 July, 2010 - 1},
  journal   = {15th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics Lisbon, Portugal, 05-08 July, 2010 - 1},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HavermannSalveTinetal.1994,
  author    = {Havermann, Marc and Salve, M. de and Tin, G. del and Panella, B.},
  title     = {Experimental Study of the Temperature Field along a Density Lock / Salve, M. de ; Tin, G. del ; Panella, B. ; Sansoldo, D. ; Havermann, M.},
  series = {Proceedings : International Conference on New Trends in Nuclear System Thermohydraulics, May 30th - June 2nd, 1994, Pisa / organized by Dipartimento di Costruzioni Meccaniche e Nucleari ... . Ed. by Francesco Oriolo},
  journal   = {Proceedings : International Conference on New Trends in Nuclear System Thermohydraulics, May 30th - June 2nd, 1994, Pisa / organized by Dipartimento di Costruzioni Meccaniche e Nucleari ... . Ed. by Francesco Oriolo},
  publisher = {-},
  address   = {Pisa},
  pages     = {623 -- 630},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BullerschenVoigtFriedrich1990,
  author    = {Bullerschen, Klaus-Gerd and Voigt, H. and Friedrich, R.},
  title     = {Experimentelle und mathematische Untersuchungen zum Heißtransport von Stranggußbrammen},
  series = {Stahl und Eisen. 110 (1990), H. 6},
  journal   = {Stahl und Eisen. 110 (1990), H. 6},
  isbn      = {0378-7559},
  pages     = {97 -- 105},
  year      = {1990},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MertensHuenecke1988,
  author    = {Mertens, Josef and H{\"u}necke, Klaus},
  title     = {Experimentelle Untersuchung zur Landeeigenschaft von Hyperschall-Flugger{\"a}ten / H{\"u}necke, Klaus ; Mertens, Josef},
  series = {DGLR-Jahrbuch 1988 Bd. 1},
  journal   = {DGLR-Jahrbuch 1988 Bd. 1},
  pages     = {706},
  year      = {1988},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GerhardtKrueger2000,
  author    = {Gerhardt, Hans Joachim and Kr{\"u}ger, O.},
  title     = {Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Entrauchung großer R{\"a}ume unter besonderer Beachtung des Windeinflusses},
  series = {vfdb-Zeitschrift. 49 (2000), H. 2},
  journal   = {vfdb-Zeitschrift. 49 (2000), H. 2},
  isbn      = {0042-1804},
  pages     = {47 -- 54},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Blome2004,
  author    = {Blome, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Exploration des Weltalls. Raumfahrt und der Weg des Menschen in den Kosmos},
  series = {Telepolis special. Wie Forscher und Raumfahrer Aliens aufsp{\"u}ren wollen},
  journal   = {Telepolis special. Wie Forscher und Raumfahrer Aliens aufsp{\"u}ren wollen},
  publisher = {Heise Zeitschriften Verlag},
  address   = {Hannover},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MertensRoeger2000,
  author    = {Mertens, Josef and R{\"o}ger, Wolf},
  title     = {F-Schlepp: Problem Taumelschwingung},
  series = {Aerokurier. 44 (2000), H. 10},
  journal   = {Aerokurier. 44 (2000), H. 10},
  isbn      = {0341-1281},
  pages     = {73 -- 73},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{McArdellBarteltKowalski2007,
  author    = {McArdell, Brian W. and Bartelt, Perry and Kowalski, Julia},
  title     = {Field observations of basal forces and fluid pore pressure in a debris flow},
  series = {Geophysical Research Letters (GRL)},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Geophysical Research Letters (GRL)},
  number    = {7},
  isbn      = {0094-8276},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Using results from an 8 m2 instrumented force plate we describe field measurements of normal and shear stresses, and fluid pore pressure for a debris flow. The flow depth increased from 0.1 to 1 m within the first 12 s of flow front arrival, remained relatively constant until 100 s, and then gradually decreased to 0.5 m by 600 s. Normal and shear stresses and pore fluid pressure varied in-phase with the flow depth. Calculated bulk densities are ρb = 2000-2250 kg m-3 for the bulk flow and ρf = 1600-1750 kg m-3 for the fluid phase. The ratio of effective normal stress to shear stress yields a Coulomb basal friction angle of ϕ = 26° at the flow front. We did not find a strong correlation between the degree of agitation in the flow, estimated using the signal from a geophone on the force plate, and an assumed dynamic pore fluid pressure. Our data support the idea that excess pore-fluid pressures are long lived in debris flows and therefore contribute to their unusual mobility.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaaderBoxbergChenetal.2023,
  author    = {Baader, Fabian and Boxberg, Marc S. and Chen, Qian and F{\"o}rstner, Roger and Kowalski, Julia and Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Field-test performance of an ice-melting probe in a terrestrial analogue environment},
  series = {Icarus},
  journal   = {Icarus},
  number    = {409},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115852},
  pages     = {Artikel 115852},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Melting probes are a proven tool for the exploration of thick ice layers and clean sampling of subglacial water on Earth. Their compact size and ease of operation also make them a key technology for the future exploration of icy moons in our Solar System, most prominently Europa and Enceladus. For both mission planning and hardware engineering, metrics such as efficiency and expected performance in terms of achievable speed, power requirements, and necessary heating power have to be known. Theoretical studies aim at describing thermal losses on the one hand, while laboratory experiments and field tests allow an empirical investigation of the true performance on the other hand. To investigate the practical value of a performance model for the operational performance in extraterrestrial environments, we first contrast measured data from terrestrial field tests on temperate and polythermal glaciers with results from basic heat loss models and a melt trajectory model. For this purpose, we propose conventions for the determination of two different efficiencies that can be applied to both measured data and models. One definition of efficiency is related to the melting head only, while the other definition considers the melting probe as a whole. We also present methods to combine several sources of heat loss for probes with a circular cross-section, and to translate the geometry of probes with a non-circular cross-section to analyse them in the same way. The models were selected in a way that minimizes the need to make assumptions about unknown parameters of the probe or the ice environment. The results indicate that currently used models do not yet reliably reproduce the performance of a probe under realistic conditions. Melting velocities and efficiencies are constantly overestimated by 15 to 50 \% in the models, but qualitatively agree with the field test data. Hence, losses are observed, that are not yet covered and quantified by the available loss models. We find that the deviation increases with decreasing ice temperature. We suspect that this mismatch is mainly due to the too restrictive idealization of the probe model and the fact that the probe was not operated in an efficiency-optimized manner during the field tests. With respect to space mission engineering, we find that performance and efficiency models must be used with caution in unknown ice environments, as various ice parameters have a significant effect on the melting process. Some of these are difficult to estimate from afar.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RoethKernKirchneretal.2009,
  author    = {R{\"o}th, Thilo and Kern, Daniel and Kirchner, Karsten and Vietor, Thomas},
  title     = {Flexbody : Baukastensystem f{\"u}r Karosseriestrukturen / Kern, Daniel ; R{\"o}th, Thilo ; Kirchner, Karsten ; Vietor, Thomas},
  series = {Mobiles : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Konstrukteure. 35 (2009), H. 2009/2010},
  journal   = {Mobiles : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Konstrukteure. 35 (2009), H. 2009/2010},
  publisher = {Hochsch. f{\"u}r Angewandte Wiss.},
  address   = {Hamburg},
  pages     = {73 -- 75},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FunkeBeckmann2022,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Beckmann, Nils},
  title     = {Flexible fuel operation of a Dry-Low-NOx Micromix Combustor with Variable Hydrogen Methane Mixture},
  series = {International Journal of Gas Turbine, Propulsion and Power Systems},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {International Journal of Gas Turbine, Propulsion and Power Systems},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1882-5079},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The role of hydrogen (H2) as a carbon-free energy carrier is discussed since decades for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As bridge technology towards a hydrogen-based energy supply, fuel mixtures of natural gas or methane (CH4) and hydrogen are possible. The paper presents the first test results of a low-emission Micromix combustor designed for flexible-fuel operation with variable H2/CH4 mixtures. The numerical and experimental approach for considering variable fuel mixtures instead of recently investigated pure hydrogen is described. In the experimental studies, a first generation FuelFlex Micromix combustor geometry is tested at atmospheric pressure at gas turbine operating conditions corresponding to part- and full-load. The H2/CH4 fuel mixture composition is varied between 57 and 100 vol.\% hydrogen content. Despite the challenges flexible-fuel operation poses onto the design of a combustion system, the evaluated FuelFlex Micromix prototype shows a significant low NOx performance},
  language  = {en}
}