@article{Esch2010,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas},
  title     = {Trends in commercial vehicle powertrains},
  series = {ATZautotechnology},
  volume    = {2010},
  journal   = {ATZautotechnology},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Vieweg \& Sohn},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  issn      = {2192-886X},
  doi       = {10.1007/BF03247185},
  pages     = {26 -- 31},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Low emission zones and truck bans, the rising price of diesel and increases in road tolls: all of these factors are putting serious pressure on the transport industry. Commercial vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers are in the process of identifying new solutions to these challenges as part of their efforts to meet the EEV (enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle) limits, which are currently the most robust European exhaust and emissions standards for trucks and buses.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KemperHellenbroichEsch2009,
  author    = {Kemper, Hans and Hellenbroich, Gereon and Esch, Thomas},
  title     = {Concept of an innovative passenger-car hybrid drive for European driving conditions},
  series = {Hybrid vehicles and energy management : 6th symposium ; 18th and 19th February 2009, Stadthalle Braunschweig},
  booktitle = {Hybrid vehicles and energy management : 6th symposium ; 18th and 19th February 2009, Stadthalle Braunschweig},
  publisher = {Gesamtzentrum f{\"u}r Verkehr (GZVB)},
  address   = {Braunschweig},
  isbn      = {978-3-937655-20-8},
  pages     = {264 -- 287},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The downsizing of spark ignition engines in conjunction with turbocharging is considered to be a promising method for reducing CO₂ emissions. Using this concept, FEV has developed a new, highly efficient drivetrain to demonstrate fuel consumption reduction and drivability in a vehicle based on the Ford Focus ST. The newly designed 1.8L turbocharged gasoline engine incorporates infinitely variable intake and outlet control timing and direct fuel injection utilizing piezo injectors centrally located. In addition, this engine uses a prototype FEV engine control system, with software that was developed and adapted entirely by FEV. The vehicle features a 160 kW engine with a maximum mean effective pressure of 22.4 bar and 34 \% savings in simulated fuel consumption. During the first stage, a new electrohydraulically actuated hybrid transmission with seven forward gears and one reverse gear and a single dry starting clutch will be integrated. The electric motor of the hybrid is directly connected to the gear set of the transmission. Utilizing the special gear set layout, the electric motor can provide boost during a change of gears, so that there is no interruption in traction. Therefore, the transmission system combines the advantages of a double clutch controlled gear change (gear change without an interruption in traction) with the efficient, cost-effective design of an automated manual transmission system. Additionally, the transmission provides a purely electric drive system and the operation of an air-conditioning compressor during the engine stop phases. One other alternative is through the use of CAI (Controlled Auto Ignition), which incorporates a process developed by FEV for controlled compression ignition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FunkeEschRoosen2009,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Esch, Thomas and Roosen, Peter},
  title     = {Using motor gasoline for aircrafts - coping with growing bio-fuel-caused risks by understanding cause-effect relationship},
  series = {Fuels 2009 : mineral oil based and alternative fuels ; 7th international colloquium ; January 14 - 15, 2009},
  booktitle = {Fuels 2009 : mineral oil based and alternative fuels ; 7th international colloquium ; January 14 - 15, 2009},
  editor    = {Bartz, Wilfried J.},
  publisher = {Technische Akademie Esslingen (TAE)},
  address   = {Ostfildern},
  isbn      = {978-3-924813-75-8},
  pages     = {237 -- 244},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The utilisation of vehicle-oriented gasoline in general aviation is very desirable for both ecological and economical reasons, as well as for general considerations of availability. As of today vehicle fuels may be used if the respective engine and cell are certified for such an operation. For older planes a supplementary technical certificate is provided for gasoline mixtures with less than 1 \% v/v ethanol only, though. Larger admixtures of ethanol may lead to sudden engine malfunction and should be considered as considerable security risks. Major problems are caused by the partially ethanol non-withstanding materials, a necessarily changed stochiometric adjustment of the engine for varying ethanol shares and the tendency for phase separation in the presence of absorbed water. The concepts of the flexible fuel vehicles are only partially applicable in the view of air security.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ElsenSchmalzbauer2011,
  author    = {Elsen, Ingo and Schmalzbauer, Michael},
  title     = {Messsystematik zur Steuerung der Produkt- und Prozessqualit{\"a}t in Systemintegrationsprojekten - ein Erfahrungsbericht},
  series = {Software Engineering 2011 - Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 21. - 25. Februar 2011 in Karlsruhe},
  booktitle = {Software Engineering 2011 - Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 21. - 25. Februar 2011 in Karlsruhe},
  editor    = {Reussner, Ralf and Grund, Matthias and Andreas, Oberweis and Tichy, Walter},
  publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik eV},
  address   = {Bonn},
  isbn      = {9783885792772},
  issn      = {1617-5468},
  pages     = {1 Seite},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Der Erfolg eines Softwarenentwicklungsprojektes insbesondere eines Systemintegrationsprojektes wird mit der Erf{\"u}llung des „Teufelsdreiecks", „In-Time", „In-Budget", „In-Quality" gemessen. Hierzu ist die Kenntnis der Software- und Prozessqualit{\"a}t essenziell, um die Einhaltung der Qualit{\"a}tskriterien festzustellen, aber auch, um eine Vorhersage hinsichtlich Termin- und Budgettreue zu treffen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde in der T-Systems Systems Integration ein System aus verschiedenen Key Performance Indikatoren entworfen und in der Organisation implementiert, das genau das leistet und die Kriterien f{\"u}r CMMI Level 3 erf{\"u}llt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{ElsenHawariJohnen2010,
  author    = {Elsen, Ingo and Hawari, Asma and Johnen, Uwe},
  title     = {Produktkernel in der Systemintegration (Erfahrungsbericht aus der Praxis)},
  series = {Vom Projekt zum Produkt - Fachtagung des GI-Fachausschusses Management der Anwendungsentwicklung und -wartung im Fachbereich Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI-MAW), 1. - 3. Dezember 2010 in Aachen},
  booktitle = {Vom Projekt zum Produkt - Fachtagung des GI-Fachausschusses Management der Anwendungsentwicklung und -wartung im Fachbereich Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI-MAW), 1. - 3. Dezember 2010 in Aachen},
  editor    = {Pietsch, Wolfram and Krams, Benedikt},
  publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik eV},
  address   = {Bonn},
  isbn      = {9783885792727},
  issn      = {1617-5468},
  pages     = {93 -- 102},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In der Vergangenheit basierten große Systemintegrationsprojekte in der Regel auf Individualentwicklungen f{\"u}r einzelne Kunden. Getrieben durch Kostendruck steigt aber der Bedarf nach standardisierten L{\"o}sungen, die gleichzeitig die individuellen Anforderungen des jeweiligen Umfelds ber{\"u}cksichtigen. T-Systems GEI GmbH wird beiden Anforderungen mit Produktkerneln gerecht. Neben den technischen Aspekten der Kernelentwicklung spielen besonders organisatorische Aspekte eine Rolle, um Kernel effizient und qualitativ hochwertig zu entwickeln, ohne deren Funktionalit{\"a}ten ins Uferlose wachsen zu lassen. Umgesetzt hat T-Systems dieses Konzept f{\"u}r Flughafeninformationssysteme. Damit kann dem wachsenden Bedarf der Flughafenbetreiber nach einer effizienten und kosteng{\"u}nstigen Softwarel{\"o}sung zur Unterst{\"u}tzung Ihrer Gesch{\"a}ftsprozesse entsprochen werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ElsenHartungHornetal.2001,
  author    = {Elsen, Ingo and Hartung, Frank and Horn, Uwe and Kampmann, Markus and Peters, Liliane},
  title     = {Streaming technology in 3G mobile communication systems},
  series = {Computer : innovative technology for computer professionals},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Computer : innovative technology for computer professionals},
  number    = {9 Seiten},
  editor    = {Voas, Jeffrey},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0018-9162},
  pages     = {46 -- 52},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {Third-generation mobile communication systems will combine standardized streaming with a range of unique services to provide high-quality Internet content that meets the specific needs of the rapidly growing mobile market.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Elsen2000,
  author    = {Elsen, Ingo},
  title     = {Ansichtenbasierte 3D-Objekterkennung mit erweiterten selbstorganisierenden Merkmalskarten},
  publisher = {VDI-Verlag},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {978-3-18-363110-0},
  issn      = {0341-1796},
  pages     = {VIII, 140 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FunkeEschRoosen2022,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Esch, Thomas and Roosen, Petra},
  title     = {Antriebssystemanpassungen zur Verwendung von LPG als Flugkraftstoff},
  series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ)},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ)},
  number    = {83},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.1007/s35146-021-0778-2},
  pages     = {58 -- 62},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Auch in der allgemeinen Luftfahrt w{\"a}re es w{\"u}nschenswert, die bereits vorhandenen Verbrennungsmotoren mit weniger CO₂-tr{\"a}chtigen Kraftstoffen als dem heute weit verbreiteten Avgas 100LL betreiben zu k{\"o}nnen. Es ist anzunehmen, dass im Vergleich die unter Normalbedingungen gasf{\"o}rmigen Kraftstoffe CNG, LPG oder LNG deutlich weniger Emissionen produzieren. Erforderliche Antriebssystemanpassungen wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts an der FH Aachen untersucht.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FunkeEschRoosen2022,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Esch, Thomas and Roosen, Petra},
  title     = {Powertrain Adaptions for LPG Usage in General Aviation},
  series = {MTZ worldwide},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {MTZ worldwide},
  number    = {83},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.1007/s38313-021-0756-6},
  pages     = {58 -- 62},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In general aviation, too, it is desirable to be able to operate existing internal combustion engines with fuels that produce less CO₂ than Avgas 100LL being widely used today It can be assumed that, in comparison, the fuels CNG, LPG or LNG, which are gaseous under normal conditions, produce significantly lower emissions. Necessary propulsion system adaptations were investigated as part of a research project at Aachen University of Applied Sciences.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfaffBabilon2023,
  author    = {Pfaff, Raphael and Babilon, Katharina},
  title     = {Railway Challenge - moderne Auflage der Rainhill Trials?},
  series = {Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau : ETR ; Impulsgeber f{\"u}r das System Bahn},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau : ETR ; Impulsgeber f{\"u}r das System Bahn},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {DVV Media Group},
  address   = {Hamburg},
  issn      = {0013-2845},
  pages     = {55 -- 58},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Die IMechE Railway Challenge wird j{\"a}hrlich in Stapleford, Großbritannien ausgetragen. Im Rahmen der Challenge entwickeln und bauen Studierende eine Lokomotive und vergleichen sich in verschiedenen Disziplinen, darunter eine automatisierte Zielbremsung, optimale Energier{\"u}ckgewinnung beim Bremsen und minimale Ger{\"a}uschemissionen. Neben diesen und weiteren technischen Wettbewerbsdisziplinen treten die Fahrzeuge und die Teams auch in nicht-technischen Disziplinen wie einer Business Case Challenge an.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{ThomaFisherBraun2020,
  author    = {Thoma, Andreas and Fisher, Alex and Braun, Carsten},
  title     = {Improving the px4 avoid algorithm by bio-inspired flight strategies},
  series = {DLRK2020 - „Luft- und Raumfahrt - Verantwortung in allen Dimensionen"},
  booktitle = {DLRK2020 - „Luft- und Raumfahrt - Verantwortung in allen Dimensionen"},
  doi       = {10.25967/530183},
  pages     = {10 Seiten},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThomessenThomaBraun2023,
  author    = {Thomessen, Karolin and Thoma, Andreas and Braun, Carsten},
  title     = {Bio-inspired altitude changing extension to the 3DVFH* local obstacle avoidance algorithm},
  series = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  journal   = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {1869-5590 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13272-023-00691-w},
  pages     = {11 Seiten},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Obstacle avoidance is critical for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating autonomously. Obstacle avoidance algorithms either rely on global environment data or local sensor data. Local path planners react to unforeseen objects and plan purely on local sensor information. Similarly, animals need to find feasible paths based on local information about their surroundings. Therefore, their behavior is a valuable source of inspiration for path planning. Bumblebees tend to fly vertically over far-away obstacles and horizontally around close ones, implying two zones for different flight strategies depending on the distance to obstacles. This work enhances the local path planner 3DVFH* with this bio-inspired strategy. The algorithm alters the goal-driven function of the 3DVFH* to climb-preferring if obstacles are far away. Prior experiments with bumblebees led to two definitions of flight zone limits depending on the distance to obstacles, leading to two algorithm variants. Both variants reduce the probability of not reaching the goal of a 3DVFH* implementation in Matlab/Simulink. The best variant, 3DVFH*b-b, reduces this probability from 70.7 to 18.6\% in city-like worlds using a strong vertical evasion strategy. Energy consumption is higher, and flight paths are longer compared to the algorithm version with pronounced horizontal evasion tendency. A parameter study analyzes the effect of different weighting factors in the cost function. The best parameter combination shows a failure probability of 6.9\% in city-like worlds and reduces energy consumption by 28\%. Our findings demonstrate the potential of bio-inspired approaches for improving the performance of local path planning algorithms for UAV.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThomaGardiFisheretal.2024,
  author    = {Thoma, Andreas and Gardi, Alessandro and Fisher, Alex and Braun, Carsten},
  title     = {Improving local path planning for UAV flight in challenging environments by refining cost function weights},
  series = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  journal   = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {1869-5590 (eISSN)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13272-024-00741-x},
  pages     = {12 Seiten},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) constantly gain in versatility. However, more reliable path planning algorithms are required until full autonomous UAV operation is possible. This work investigates the algorithm 3DVFH* and analyses its dependency on its cost function weights in 2400 environments. The analysis shows that the 3DVFH* can find a suitable path in every environment. However, a particular type of environment requires a specific choice of cost function weights. For minimal failure, probability interdependencies between the weights of the cost function have to be considered. This dependency reduces the number of control parameters and simplifies the usage of the 3DVFH*. Weights for costs associated with vertical evasion (pitch cost) and vicinity to obstacles (obstacle cost) have the highest influence on the failure probability of the local path planner. Environments with mainly very tall buildings (like large American city centres) require a preference for horizontal avoidance manoeuvres (achieved with high pitch cost weights). In contrast, environments with medium-to-low buildings (like European city centres) benefit from vertical avoidance manoeuvres (achieved with low pitch cost weights). The cost of the vicinity to obstacles also plays an essential role and must be chosen adequately for the environment. Choosing these two weights ideal is sufficient to reduce the failure probability below 10\%.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MayntzKeimerTegtmeyeretal.2021,
  author    = {Mayntz, Joscha and Keimer, Jona and Tegtmeyer, Philipp and Dahmann, Peter and Hille, Sebastian and Stumpf, Eike and Fisher, Alex and Dorrington, Graham},
  title     = {Aerodynamic Investigation on Efficient Inflight Transition of a Propeller from Propulsion to Regeneration Mode},
  series = {AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum},
  journal   = {AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum},
  publisher = {AIAA},
  address   = {Reston, Va.},
  doi       = {10.2514/6.2022-0546},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This paper discusses a new way of inflight power regeneration for electric or hybrid-electric driven general aviation aircraft with one powertrain for both configurations. Three different approaches for the shift from propulsion to regeneration mode are analyzed. Numerical cal-culation and wind tunnel results are compared and show the highest regeneration potential for the "Windmill" approach, where the propeller blades are flipped, and rotation is reversed. A combination of all regeneration approaches for a realistic flight mission is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{DeyElsenFerreinetal.2021,
  author    = {Dey, Thomas and Elsen, Ingo and Ferrein, Alexander and Frauenrath, Tobias and Reke, Michael and Schiffer, Stefan},
  title     = {CO2 Meter: a do-it-yourself carbon dioxide measuring device for the classroom},
  series = {PETRA '21: Proceedings of the 14th Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference},
  booktitle = {PETRA '21: Proceedings of the 14th Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference},
  editor    = {Makedon, Fillia},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  address   = {New York},
  isbn      = {9781450387927},
  doi       = {10.1145/3453892.3462697},
  pages     = {292 -- 299},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this paper we report on CO2 Meter, a do-it-yourself carbon dioxide measuring device for the classroom. Part of the current measures for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is proper ventilation in indoor settings. This is especially important in schools with students coming back to the classroom even with high incidents rates. Static ventilation patterns do not consider the individual situation for a particular class. Influencing factors like the type of activity, the physical structure or the room occupancy are not incorporated. Also, existing devices are rather expensive and often provide only limited information and only locally without any networking. This leaves the potential of analysing the situation across different settings untapped. Carbon dioxide level can be used as an indicator of air quality, in general, and of aerosol load in particular. Since, according to the latest findings, SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted primarily in the form of aerosols, carbon dioxide may be used as a proxy for the risk of a virus infection. Hence, schools could improve the indoor air quality and potentially reduce the infection risk if they actually had measuring devices available in the classroom. Our device supports schools in ventilation and it allows for collecting data over the Internet to enable a detailed data analysis and model generation. First deployments in schools at different levels were received very positively. A pilot installation with a larger data collection and analysis is underway.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schueckhaus2020,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}ckhaus, Ulrich},
  title     = {Die SkyCab-Erfinder im WFMG-Interview},
  series = {Business in MG},
  journal   = {Business in MG},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {6 -- 7},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{HebelHerrmannRitzetal.2022,
  author    = {Hebel, Christoph and Herrmann, Ulf and Ritz, Thomas and R{\"o}th, Thilo and Anthrakidis, Anette and B{\"o}ker, J{\"o}rg and Franzke, Till and Grodzki, Thomas and Merkens, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ttler, Mirjam},
  title     = {FlexSHARE - Methodisches Framework zur innovativen Gestaltung der urbanen Mobilit{\"a}t durch Sharing- Angebote},
  series = {Transforming Mobility - What Next?},
  booktitle = {Transforming Mobility - What Next?},
  publisher = {Springer Gabler},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {978-3-658-36429-8},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-658-36430-4_10},
  pages     = {153 -- 169},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Das Ziel des INTERREG-Projektes „SHAREuregio" (FKZ: 34.EFRE-0300134) ist es, grenz{\"u}berschreitende Mobilit{\"a}t in der Euregio Rhein-Maas-Nord zu erm{\"o}glichen und zu f{\"o}rdern. Dazu soll ein elektromobiles Car- und Bikesharing- System entwickelt und in der Stadt M{\"o}nchengladbach, im Kreis Viersen sowie in den Gemeinden Roermond und Venlo (beide NL) zusammen mit den Partnern Wirtschaftsf{\"o}rderung M{\"o}nchengladbach, Wirtschaftsf{\"o}rderung f{\"u}r den Kreis Viersen, NEW AG, Goodmoovs (NL), Greenflux (NL) und der FH Aachen implementiert werden. Zun{\"a}chst richtet sich das Angebot, bestehend aus 40 Elektroautos und 40 Elektrofahrr{\"a}dern, an Unternehmen und wird nach einer Erprobungsphase, mit einer gr{\"o}ßeren Anzahl an Fahrzeugen, auch f{\"u}r Privatpersonen verf{\"u}gbar gemacht werden. Die Fahrzeuge stehen bei den jeweiligen Anwendungspartnern in Deutschland und den Niederlanden. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes hat die FH Aachen „FlexSHARE" entwickelt - ein methodisches Framework zur innovativen Gestaltung urbaner Sharing- Angebote. Das Framework erm{\"o}glicht es, anhand von messbaren Kenngr{\"o}ßen, bedarfsgerechte und auf die Region abgestimmte Sharing-Systeme zu entwickeln.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{FingerdeVriesVosetal.2020,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and de Vries, Reynard and Vos, Roelof and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {A comparison of hybrid-electric aircraft sizing methods},
  series = {AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum},
  booktitle = {AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum},
  doi       = {10.2514/6.2020-1006},
  pages     = {31 Seiten},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The number of case studies focusing on hybrid-electric aircraft is steadily increasing, since these configurations are thought to lead to lower operating costs and environmental impact than traditional aircraft. However, due to the lack of reference data of actual hybrid-electric aircraft, in most cases, the design tools and results are difficult to validate. In this paper, two independently developed approaches for hybrid-electric conceptual aircraft design are compared. An existing 19-seat commuter aircraft is selected as the conventional baseline, and both design tools are used to size that aircraft. The aircraft is then re-sized under consideration of hybrid-electric propulsion technology. This is performed for parallel, serial, and fully-electric powertrain architectures. Finally, sensitivity studies are conducted to assess the validity of the basic assumptions and approaches regarding the design of hybrid-electric aircraft. Both methods are found to predict the maximum take-off mass (MTOM) of the reference aircraft with less than 4\% error. The MTOM and payload-range energy efficiency of various (hybrid-) electric configurations are predicted with a maximum difference of approximately 2\% and 5\%, respectively. The results of this study confirm a correct formulation and implementation of the two design methods, and the data obtained can be used by researchers to benchmark and validate their design tools.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AltherrConzenElsenetal.2023,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Conzen, Max and Elsen, Ingo and Frauenrath, Tobias and Lyrmann, Andreas},
  title     = {Sensor retrofitting of existing buildings in an interdisciplinary teaching project at university level},
  series = {Tagungsband AALE 2023 : mit Automatisierung gegen den Klimawandel},
  booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2023 : mit Automatisierung gegen den Klimawandel},
  editor    = {Reiff-Stephan, J{\"o}rg and J{\"a}kel, Jens and Schwarz, Andr{\´e}},
  publisher = {le-tex publishing services GmbH},
  address   = {Leipzig},
  isbn      = {978-3-910103-01-6},
  doi       = {10.33968/2023.04},
  pages     = {31 -- 40},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Existing residential buildings have an average lifetime of 100 years. Many of these buildings will exist for at least another 50 years. To increase the efficiency of these buildings while keeping costs at reasonable rates, they can be retrofitted with sensors that deliver information to central control units for heating, ventilation and electricity. This retrofitting process should happen with minimal intervention into existing infrastructure and requires new approaches for sensor design and data transmission. At FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, students of different disciplines work together to learn how to design, build, deploy and operate such sensors. The presented teaching project already created a low power design for a combined CO2, temperature and humidity measurement device that can be easily integrated into most home automation systems},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchulteSchwagerNoureldinetal.2023,
  author    = {Schulte, Jonas and Schwager, Christian and Noureldin, Kareem and May, Martin and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Gradient controlled startup procedure of a molten-salt power-to-heat energy storage plant based on dynamic process simulation},
  series = {SolarPACES: Solar Power \& Chemical Energy Systems},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES: Solar Power \& Chemical Energy Systems},
  number    = {2815 / 1},
  publisher = {AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  isbn      = {978-0-7354-4623-6},
  issn      = {1551-7616 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0148741},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The integration of high temperature thermal energy storages into existing conventional power plants can help to reduce the CO2 emissions of those plants and lead to lower capital expenditures for building energy storage systems, due to the use of synergy effects [1]. One possibility to implement that, is a molten salt storage system with a powerful power-to-heat unit. This paper presents two possible control concepts for the startup of the charging system of such a facility. The procedures are implemented in a detailed dynamic process model. The performance and safety regarding the film temperatures at heat transmitting surfaces are investigated in the process simulations. To improve the accuracy in predicting the film temperatures, CFD simulations of the electrical heater are carried out and the results are merged with the dynamic model. The results show that both investigated control concepts are safe regarding the temperature limits. The gradient controlled startup performed better than the temperature-controlled startup. Nevertheless, there are several uncertainties that need to be investigated further.},
  language  = {en}
}