@article{FeldmannDoeringKuhnhenneetal.2008,
  author    = {Feldmann, Markus and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Kuhnhenne, Markus and Sedlacek, Gerhard},
  title     = {Zum Thema "Nachhaltigkeit" in der Stahlbauindustrie},
  series = {Stahlbau},
  volume    = {Vol. 77},
  journal   = {Stahlbau},
  number    = {Iss. 10},
  issn      = {0038-9145},
  pages     = {713 -- 720},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{KestiMononenLautsoetal.2015,
  author    = {Kesti, Jyrki and Mononen, Tarmo and Lautso, Petteri and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Reger, Vitali and Holopainen, R. and Jung, N. and Shemeikka, J. and Nieminen, J. and Reda, F. and Lawson, Mark and Botti, Andrea and Hall, R. and Zold, A. and Buday, T.},
  title     = {Zero energy solutions for multifunctional steel intensive commercial buildings (ZEMUSIC) - EUR 27627},
  publisher = {Publications Office of the European Union},
  address   = {Luxembourg},
  organization    = {European Commission},
  isbn      = {978-92-79-54071-4},
  issn      = {1831-9424},
  doi       = {10.2777/111520},
  pages     = {146 Seiten},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The broad commercial objective of this project was the sustainable value creation in steel building technology by addressing the ways in which significant energy reductions can be made in the operation phase of multi-storey commercial buildings. A review on energy efficient commercial buildings in Europe has been carried out consisting of several case studies from different countries. The project included development of zero-energy concepts for reducing energy demand as well as concepts for heating, cooling and ventilation systems by utilising renewable energy sources in three different climates. Also alternative structural frame solutions were developed and analyzed in respect of structural and MEP (mechanical, electrical and plumbing solutions) features. An innovative long span floor system with integrated MEP routings promises a cost effective alternative for sophisticated ventilation distribution and radiant heating and cooling systems, allowing for high energy efficiency and high quality interior climate. The report includes also review of best architectural practices for integrated renewable energy solutions including different design strategies for building facades of zero energy buildings. Interesting results and design basis are also presented for steel energy pile concept, where structural foundation piles are utilized for ground energy harvesting. Life cycle cost calculations for near zero energy office building based on developed technologies show that a near zero energy construction is also profitable. The results and work methods of the project have been summarized in the form of design guidance that offers designers the knowledge gained in a form that can be easily understood.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{DoeringHechler2003,
  author    = {D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Hechler, Oliver},
  title     = {Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu Temperierung von Bauteilen : Offenlegungsschrift},
  publisher = {Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  pages     = {9 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{DoeringZillerHortmanns2003,
  author    = {D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Ziller, Claudia and Hortmanns, M.},
  title     = {Ventilation of double facades by external dynamic wind pressure},
  series = {11th International Conference on Wind Engineering. 1},
  booktitle = {11th International Conference on Wind Engineering. 1},
  publisher = {The Wind Science and Engineering Research Center},
  address   = {Lubbock, Tex.},
  organization    = {International Conference on Wind Engineering <11, 2003, Lubbock, Tex.>},
  pages     = {721 -- 730},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BlankeSchmidtGoettscheetal.2022,
  author    = {Blanke, Tobias and Schmidt, Katharina S. and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Frisch, J{\´e}r{\^o}me and van Treeck, Christoph},
  title     = {Time series aggregation for energy system design: review and extension of modelling seasonal storages},
  series = {Energy Informatics},
  volume    = {5},
  booktitle = {Energy Informatics},
  number    = {1, Article number: 17},
  editor    = {Weidlich, Anke and Neumann, Dirk and Gust, Gunther and Staudt, Philipp and Sch{\"a}fer, Mirko},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  issn      = {2520-8942},
  doi       = {10.1186/s42162-022-00208-5},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Using optimization to design a renewable energy system has become a computationally demanding task as the high temporal fluctuations of demand and supply arise within the considered time series. The aggregation of typical operation periods has become a popular method to reduce effort. These operation periods are modelled independently and cannot interact in most cases. Consequently, seasonal storage is not reproducible. This inability can lead to a significant error, especially for energy systems with a high share of fluctuating renewable energy. The previous paper, "Time series aggregation for energy system design: Modeling seasonal storage", has developed a seasonal storage model to address this issue. Simultaneously, the paper "Optimal design of multi-energy systems with seasonal storage" has developed a different approach. This paper aims to review these models and extend the first model. The extension is a mathematical reformulation to decrease the number of variables and constraints. Furthermore, it aims to reduce the calculation time while achieving the same results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HagenkampBlankeDoering2021,
  author    = {Hagenkamp, Markus and Blanke, Tobias and D{\"o}ring, Bernd},
  title     = {Thermoelectric building temperature control: a potential assessment},
  series = {International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  doi       = {10.1007/s40095-021-00424-x},
  pages     = {241 -- 254},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This study focuses on thermoelectric elements (TEE) as an alternative for room temperature control. TEE are semi-conductor devices that can provide heating and cooling via a heat pump effect without direct noise emissions and no refrigerant use. An efficiency evaluation of the optimal operating mode is carried out for different numbers of TEE, ambient temperatures, and heating loads. The influence of an additional heat recovery unit on system efficiency and an unevenly distributed heating demand are examined. The results show that TEE can provide heat at a coefficient of performance (COP) greater than one especially for small heating demands and high ambient temperatures. The efficiency increases with the number of elements in the system and is subject to economies of scale. The best COP exceeds six at optimal operating conditions. An additional heat recovery unit proves beneficial for low ambient temperatures and systems with few TEE. It makes COPs above one possible at ambient temperatures below 0 ∘C. The effect increases efficiency by maximal 0.81 (from 1.90 to 2.71) at ambient temperature 5 K below room temperature and heating demand Q˙h=100W but is subject to diseconomies of scale. Thermoelectric technology is a valuable option for electricity-based heat supply and can provide cooling and ventilation functions. A careful system design as well as an additional heat recovery unit significantly benefits the performance. This makes TEE superior to direct current heating systems and competitive to heat pumps for small scale applications with focus on avoiding noise and harmful refrigerants.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DoeringHechlerWeberetal.2004,
  author    = {D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Hechler, O. and Weber, F. and Sedlacek, Gerhard},
  title     = {Thermische Aktivierung von Fertigteildecken},
  series = {HLH L{\"u}ftung/Klima, Heizung/Sanit{\"a}r, Geb{\"a}udetechnik},
  volume    = {Jg. 55},
  journal   = {HLH L{\"u}ftung/Klima, Heizung/Sanit{\"a}r, Geb{\"a}udetechnik},
  number    = {Nr. 5},
  issn      = {1436-5103},
  pages     = {24 -- 35},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{DoeringKendrickLawson2013,
  author    = {D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Kendrick, C. and Lawson, R. M.},
  title     = {Thermal capacity of composite floor slabs},
  series = {Energy and buildings},
  volume    = {Vol. 67},
  journal   = {Energy and buildings},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1872-6178 (E-Journal); 0378-7788 (Print)},
  pages     = {531 -- 539},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DoeringRegerKuhnhenneetal.2015,
  author    = {D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Reger, Vitali and Kuhnhenne, Markus and Feldmann, Markus and Kesti, Jyrki and Lawson, Mark and Botti, Andrea},
  title     = {Steel solutions for enabling zero-energy buildings},
  series = {Steel Construction - Design and Research},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Steel Construction - Design and Research},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1867-0539},
  doi       = {10.1002/stco.201510029},
  pages     = {194 -- 200},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{ConanD'HaeyerBeguinetal.2006,
  author    = {Conan, Yulian and D'Haeyer, R. and B{\´e}guin, P. and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Kuhnhenne, Markus and Bayo, E.},
  title     = {Steel in low-rise building : a symbiosis of cold formed sections and light rolled profiles : final report. Contract-No. 7215-PP/070. EUR 22080 en},
  publisher = {Office for Official Publications of the European Communities},
  address   = {Luxembourg},
  isbn      = {92-79-02082-X},
  pages     = {200 S.},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{DoeringFeldmannKuhnhenne2013,
  author    = {D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Feldmann, Markus and Kuhnhenne, Markus},
  title     = {Schallschutz-Wandaufbau f{\"u}r ein Bauwerk oder ein Bauteil in Metallleichtbauweise, das mit Solarzellen best{\"u}ckt ist : Offenlegungsschrift},
  publisher = {Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  pages     = {14 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{LawsonBaddooVanieretal.2013,
  author    = {Lawson, R.M. and Baddoo, N.R. and Vanier, G. and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Kuhnhenne, M. and Nieminen, J. and Beguin, P. and Herbin, S. and Caroli, G. and Adetunji, I. and Kozlowski, A.},
  title     = {Renovation of buildings using steel technologies (Robust) - EUR 25335},
  publisher = {Publications Office of the European Union},
  address   = {Luxembourg},
  organization    = {European Commission},
  isbn      = {978-92-79-24950-1},
  issn      = {1831-9424},
  doi       = {10.2777/97860},
  pages     = {134 Seiten},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Robust addresses the renovation and improvement of existing residential, industrial and commercial buildings using steel-based technologies, focusing on techniques such as over-cladding, over-roofing and roof-top extensions. Steel-intensive renovation techniques currently on the market were reviewed. Performance criteria were developed for over-cladding systems meeting current regulatory standards, with guidelines on how to achieve appropriate levels of air-tightness.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuckDoering1997,
  author    = {Kuck, Herbert and D{\"o}ring, Bernd},
  title     = {Regenerative Energien in Landesbauten : Land NRW unterst{\"u}tzt Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien 1997 mit 15 Mio. DM},
  series = {Die Bauverwaltung mit Bauamt und Gemeindebau},
  volume    = {Bd. 70},
  journal   = {Die Bauverwaltung mit Bauamt und Gemeindebau},
  number    = {H. 8},
  issn      = {0005-6847},
  pages     = {384 -- 386},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RegerKuhnhenneHachuletal.2019,
  author    = {Reger, Vitali and Kuhnhenne, Markus and Hachul, Helmut and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Blanke, Tobias and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim},
  title     = {Plusenergiegeb{\"a}ude 2.0 in Stahlleichtbauweise},
  series = {Stahlbau},
  volume    = {88},
  journal   = {Stahlbau},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1437-1049 (E-journal), 0038-9145 (print)},
  doi       = {10.1002/stab.201900034},
  pages     = {522 -- 528},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{DoeringFeldmannKuhnhenneetal.2011,
  author    = {D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Feldmann, Markus and Kuhnhenne, Markus and M{\"u}ller, Dirk},
  title     = {Phasenwechselmaterial im Metallleichtbau zur Optimierung von Energieeffizienz und sommerlicher Raumtemperatur},
  series = {Stahlbau},
  volume    = {Vol. 80},
  journal   = {Stahlbau},
  number    = {Iss. 9},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1437-1049 (E-Journal); 0038-9145 (Print)},
  pages     = {666 -- 672},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RegerDoeringKuhnhenne2016,
  author    = {Reger, V. and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Kuhnhenne, M.},
  title     = {Passive und aktive Maßnahmen zur Fl{\"a}chenk{\"u}hlung im Stahl(leicht)bau},
  series = {Bauingenieur},
  volume    = {91},
  journal   = {Bauingenieur},
  number    = {Jul/Aug},
  publisher = {VDI Fachmedien},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  issn      = {0005-6650},
  doi       = {10.37544/0005-6650-2016-07-08-63},
  pages     = {309 -- 316},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Mit steigenden D{\"a}mmstandards und h{\"o}heren Komfortanforderungen der Nutzer ger{\"a}t die Problematik der sommerlichen {\"U}berhitzung zunehmend in den Fokus. Um die {\"U}berhitzung m{\"o}glichst gering zu halten, sind Maßnahmen und L{\"o}sungen zu entwickeln, die den potenziellen K{\"u}hlbedarf eines Geb{\"a}udes vermeiden sowie reduzieren. Im Rahmen des europ{\"a}ischen Forschungsprojektes BATIMASS wurden Techniken untersucht, die die sommerliche Raumtemperatur ohne zus{\"a}tzliche K{\"u}hlung (passiv) oder aber mit energieeffizienter wasserbasierter Fl{\"a}chenk{\"u}hlung (aktiv) reduzieren und die besonders f{\"u}r Geb{\"a}ude in Stahl(leicht)bauweise geeignet sind. Daf{\"u}r wurde die Methodik der thermisch {\"a}quivalenten Decke weiterentwickelt, um das thermische Verhalten von Profilblechdecken in Geb{\"a}uden f{\"u}r beide L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze analysieren zu k{\"o}nnen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurde der Einsatz von Phasenwechselmaterial (PCM) zur Steigerung der Speicherf{\"a}higkeit von leichten Decken mit besonders geringer thermischer Masse in Simulationen sowie im Labor untersucht und bewertet.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Doering1997,
  author    = {D{\"o}ring, Bernd},
  title     = {Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien in Landesbauten : Dokumentation realisierter und geplanter Anlagen},
  publisher = {Landesinstitut f{\"u}r Bauwesen des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  isbn      = {3-930860-51-1},
  pages     = {66 S.},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RegerKuhnhenneEbbertetal.2020,
  author    = {Reger, Vitali and Kuhnhenne, Markus and Ebbert, Thiemo and Hachul, Helmut and Blanke, Tobias and D{\"o}ring, Bernd},
  title     = {Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien durch thermische Aktivierung von Komponenten aus Stahl},
  series = {Stahlbau},
  volume    = {2020},
  journal   = {Stahlbau},
  number    = {Volume 89, Issue 6512-519},
  publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1437-1049},
  doi       = {10.1002/stab.202000031},
  pages     = {512 -- 519},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Die Versorgung von Neubauten soll m{\"o}glichst weitgehend unabh{\"a}ngig von fossilen Energietr{\"a}gern erfolgen. Erneuerbare Energien spielen daf{\"u}r eine gewichtige Rolle. Eine gute M{\"o}glichkeit, erneuerbare Energien ohne viel zus{\"a}tzlichen Aufwand nutzbar zu machen, ist, bereits vorhandenen Komponenten im Geb{\"a}ude zus{\"a}tzliche Funktionen zu geben. Hier kann bspw. die Fassade oder das Dach solarthermisch aktiviert oder durch Fotovoltaikmodule erg{\"a}nzt werden. Auch Tiefgr{\"u}ndungen k{\"o}nnen neben der statischen Funktion noch eine geothermische Funktion zur Aufnahme oder Abgabe von W{\"a}rme erhalten. Neben der Erzeugung bietet sich auch f{\"u}r die Verteilung der W{\"a}rme oder K{\"a}lte im Geb{\"a}ude die Integration in Bauteile an. Hier kann bspw. der Boden durch eine Fußbodenheizung oder die Decke durch Deckenstrahlplatten aktiviert werden. Im Rahmen der Ver{\"o}ffentlichung wird auf die thermische Aktivierung von Stahlkomponenten eingegangen. Es wird eine L{\"o}sung vorgestellt, die vorgeh{\"a}ngte hinterl{\"u}ftete Stahlfassade (VHF) solarthermisch zu aktivieren. Außerdem werden zwei M{\"o}glichkeiten zur geothermischen Aktivierung von Tiefgr{\"u}ndungen mittels Stahlpf{\"a}hlen gezeigt. Zuletzt wird ein System zur thermischen Aktivierung von Stahltrapezprofilen an der Decke erl{\"a}utert, welches W{\"a}rme zuf{\"u}hren oder bei Bedarf abf{\"u}hren kann.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BlankeHagenkampDoeringetal.2021,
  author    = {Blanke, Tobias and Hagenkamp, Markus and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Reger, Vitali and Kuhnhenne, Markus},
  title     = {Net-exergetic, hydraulic and thermal optimization of coaxial heat exchangers using fixed flow conditions instead of fixed flow rates},
  series = {Geothermal Energy},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Geothermal Energy},
  number    = {Article number: 19},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2195-9706},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40517-021-00201-3},
  pages     = {23 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Previous studies optimized the dimensions of coaxial heat exchangers using constant mass fow rates as a boundary condition. They show a thermal optimal circular ring width of nearly zero. Hydraulically optimal is an inner to outer pipe radius ratio of 0.65 for turbulent and 0.68 for laminar fow types. In contrast, in this study, fow conditions in the circular ring are kept constant (a set of fxed Reynolds numbers) during optimization. This approach ensures fxed fow conditions and prevents inappropriately high or low mass fow rates. The optimization is carried out for three objectives: Maximum energy gain, minimum hydraulic efort and eventually optimum net-exergy balance. The optimization changes the inner pipe radius and mass fow rate but not the Reynolds number of the circular ring. The thermal calculations base on Hellstr{\"o}m's borehole resistance and the hydraulic optimization on individually calculated linear loss of head coefcients. Increasing the inner pipe radius results in decreased hydraulic losses in the inner pipe but increased losses in the circular ring. The net-exergy diference is a key performance indicator and combines thermal and hydraulic calculations. It is the difference between thermal exergy fux and hydraulic efort. The Reynolds number in the circular ring is instead of the mass fow rate constant during all optimizations. The result from a thermal perspective is an optimal width of the circular ring of nearly zero. The hydraulically optimal inner pipe radius is 54\% of the outer pipe radius for laminar fow and 60\% for turbulent fow scenarios. Net-exergetic optimization shows a predominant infuence of hydraulic losses, especially for small temperature gains. The exact result depends on the earth's thermal properties and the fow type. Conclusively, coaxial geothermal probes' design should focus on the hydraulic optimum and take the thermal optimum as a secondary criterion due to the dominating hydraulics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KuhnhenneFeldmannDoeringetal.2007,
  author    = {Kuhnhenne, Markus and Feldmann, Markus and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Spranger, Sascha},
  title     = {Luftdichtheit im Stahlleichtbau - Geb{\"a}udeh{\"u}llen in Sandwichbauweise},
  series = {Dichte Geb{\"a}udeh{\"u}lle, Thermografie und Wohnungsl{\"u}ftung : 2. Europ{\"a}isches BlowerDoor-Symposium : 16.3. - 17.3. 2007, Kassel},
  booktitle = {Dichte Geb{\"a}udeh{\"u}lle, Thermografie und Wohnungsl{\"u}ftung : 2. Europ{\"a}isches BlowerDoor-Symposium : 16.3. - 17.3. 2007, Kassel},
  publisher = {Energie + Umwelt-Zentrum},
  organization    = {Europ{\"a}isches BlowerDoor-Symposium <2, 2007, Kassel>},
  pages     = {121 -- 134},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {de}
}