@article{KernHeidlerZischank1998,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Heidler, F. and Zischank, W.},
  title     = {Induced overvoltages in cable ducts taking into account the current flow into earth / F. Heidler ; W. Zischank ... A. Kern ...},
  series = {Conference proceedings : 14th - 18th September 1998, [Burlington Hotel, Birmingham, United Kingdom] / organised by: School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom},
  journal   = {Conference proceedings : 14th - 18th September 1998, [Burlington Hotel, Birmingham, United Kingdom] / organised by: School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom},
  address   = {Birmingham},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernHeidlerSeeversetal.2004,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Heidler, Fridolin and Seevers, M. and Zischank, Wolfgang J.},
  title     = {Magnetic Fields and Induced Voltages in case of a Direct Strike - Comparison of Results obtained from Measurements at a Scaled Building to those of IEC 62305-4},
  isbn      = {0304-3886},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In the paper the results obtained from experiments at a modelled reinforced building in case of a direct lightning strike are compared with calculations. The comparison includes peak values of the magnetic field Hmax, its derivative (dH/dt)max and of induced voltages umax in typical cable routings. The experiments are performed at a 1:6 scaled building and the results are extrapolated using the similarity relations theory. The calculations are based on the approximate formulae given in IEC 62305-4 and have to be supplemented by a rough estimation of the additional shielding effect of a second reinforcement layer. The comparison shows, that the measured peak values of the magnetic field and its derivative are mostly lower than the calculated. The induced voltages are in good agreement. Hence, calculations of the induced voltages based on IEC 62305-4 are a good method for lightning protection studies of buildings, where the reinforcement is used as a grid-like electromagnetic shield.},
  subject      = {Blitz},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernHeidlerZischanketal.2002,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Heidler, Fridolin and Zischank, Wolfgang J. and Frentzel, Ralf},
  title     = {Lightning current distribution and coupling to control cables in power plants or large industrial facilites},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernImaniVashianiTimmermanns2021,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Imani Vashiani, Anahita and Timmermanns, Tobias},
  title     = {Threat for human beings due to touch voltages and body currents caused by direct lightning strikes in case of non-isolated lightning protection systems using natural components},
  series = {35th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) and XVI International Symposium on Lightning Protection (SIPDA)},
  booktitle = {35th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) and XVI International Symposium on Lightning Protection (SIPDA)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  isbn      = {978-1-6654-2346-5},
  doi       = {10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627465},
  pages     = {8 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {For typical cases of non-isolated lightning protection systems (LPS) the impulse currents are investigated which may flow through a human body directly touching a structural part of the LPS. Based on a basic LPS model with conventional down-conductors especially the cases of external and internal steel columns and metal fa{\c{c}}ades are considered and compared. Numerical simulations of the line quantities voltages and currents in the time domain are performed with an equivalent circuit of the entire LPS. As a result it can be stated that by increasing the number of conventional down-conductors and external steel columns the threat for a human being can indeed be reduced, but not down to an acceptable limit. In case of internal steel columns used as natural down-conductors the threat can be reduced sufficiently, depending on the low-resistive connection of the steel columns to the lightning equipotential bonding or the earth termination system, resp. If a metal fa{\c{c}}ade is used the threat for human beings touching is usually very low, if the fa{\c{c}}ade is sufficiently interconnected and multiply connected to the lightning equipotential bonding or the earth termination system, resp.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernKloetersPferdemenges2010,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Kl{\"o}ters, Georg and Pferdemenges, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Optimised protection against lightning for the signalling and safety systems of level crossings on non-electrified railway lines},
  series = {RTR : European Rail Technology Review},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {RTR : European Rail Technology Review},
  number    = {2},
  isbn      = {0079-9548},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernKrichel2004,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank},
  title     = {Considerations about the lightning protection system of mains independent renewable energy hybrid-systems - practical experiences},
  series = {Journal of electrostatics. 60 (2004), H. 2-4},
  journal   = {Journal of electrostatics. 60 (2004), H. 2-4},
  isbn      = {0304-3886},
  pages     = {257 -- 263},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernKrichel2002,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank},
  title     = {Considerations about the lightning protection system of mains independent renewable energy hybrid-systems - practical experiences},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {In the paper a lightning protection design concept for renewable energy hybrid-systems without power mains connection is described. Based on a risk analysis protection measures against direct strikes and overvoltages are shown in an overview. The design concept is realized exemplarily for the hybrid-system VATALI on the Greek island Crete. VATALI, not lightning protected at that time, was a victim of a lightning strike in the year 2000 causing destructions and damages of some mechanical and electrical components with costs of approx. 60.000 €. The hardware costs for the protection measures were about 15.000 €: about 50\% of the costs are due to protection measures against direct strikes, 50\% are due to overvoltage protection.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernKrichelMueller2001,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Peter},
  title     = {Lightning protection design of a renewable energy hybrid-system without power mains connection},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {In the year 2000 a direct lightning strike to the hybridsystem without power mains connection VATALI on the Greek island Crete results in the destruction and damage of some mechanical and electrical components. The hybrid-system VATALI was not lightning protected at that time. The hardware damage costs are approx. 60,000 €. The exposed site of the hybrid-system on top of a mountain was and still is the reason for a high risk of lightning strikes. Also in the future further lightning strikes have to be taken into consideration. In the paper a fundamental lightning protection design concept for renewable energy hybrid-systems without power mains connection and protection measures against direct strikes and overvoltages are shown in detail. The design concept was realized exemplarily for the hybrid-system VATALI. The hardware costs for the protection measures were about 15,000 €. About 50\% of the costs are due to protection measures against direct strikes, 50\% are due to overvoltage protection. Future extensions, new installations, or modifications have to be included into the lightning protection design concept of the hybrid-system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernKrichelNeskakisetal.2001,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank and Neskakis, Apostolos and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Peter (u.a.)},
  title     = {Lightning protection design of a renewable energy hybrid-system without power mains connection},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernLangWiesingeretal.1989,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Lang, U. and Wiesinger, J. and Zischank, Wolfgang J.},
  title     = {The longitudinal voltage of cable tubes with a screening mesh caused by partial lightning currents},
  series = {Proceedings / Sixth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : 28. August - 1. September, 1989, Westin Canal Place Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA},
  journal   = {Proceedings / Sixth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : 28. August - 1. September, 1989, Westin Canal Place Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA},
  publisher = {Mississippi State University},
  address   = {Mississippi State, Miss.},
  year      = {1989},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernRothWiedmann1992,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Roth, J. and Wiedmann, J.},
  title     = {Comparison of the damage for various types of fibre reinforced composites due to different lightning test standards (MIL-STD 1757 A, German military VG-standard 96903)},
  series = {Proceedings of the 1992 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity : October 6-8, 1992, Trump Taj Mahal, Atlantic City, NJ.},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the 1992 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity : October 6-8, 1992, Trump Taj Mahal, Atlantic City, NJ.},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration},
  address   = {[Atlantic City, N.J.]},
  pages     = {Getr. Z{\"a}hl. : Ill. + addendum},
  year      = {1992},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernSchelthoffMathieu2010,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Schelthoff, Christof and Mathieu, Moritz},
  title     = {Probability of lightning strikes to air-terminations of structures using the electro-geometrical model theory and the statistics of lightning current parameters},
  pages     = {750-1 -- 750-8},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernSchelthoffMathieu2011,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Schelthoff, Christof and Mathieu, Moritz},
  title     = {Calculation of interception efficiencies for airterminations using a dynamic electro-geometrical model},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernSchelthoffMathieu2011,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Schelthoff, Christof and Mathieu, Moritz},
  title     = {Probability of lightning strikes to air-terminations of structures using the electro-geometrical model theory and the statistics of lightning current parameters},
  series = {Atmospheric Research. 104 (2011)},
  journal   = {Atmospheric Research. 104 (2011)},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {0169-8095},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernSchelthoffMathieu2012,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Schelthoff, Christof and Mathieu, Moritz},
  title     = {Calculation of interception efficiencies for mesh-type air-terminations according to IEC 62305-3 using a dynamic electro-geometrical model},
  series = {International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) : 2 - 7 Sept. 2012, Vienna},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) : 2 - 7 Sept. 2012, Vienna},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  organization    = {International Conference on Lightning Protection <2012, Wien>},
  isbn      = {978-1-4673-1896-9 (E-Book) ; 978-1-4673-1898-3 (Print)},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernThomsen1994,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Thomsen, M.},
  title     = {Comparison of single point and equipotential bonding for I\&C systems of large-area industrial sites},
  series = {Volume of proceedings : Budapest, Hungary, September 19-23, 1994 / organized by: Technical University of Budapest},
  journal   = {Volume of proceedings : Budapest, Hungary, September 19-23, 1994 / organized by: Technical University of Budapest},
  publisher = {Techn. Univ.},
  address   = {Budapest},
  pages     = {Getr. Z{\"a}hlung [ca. 610 S.]},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernWiesingerZischank1991,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Wiesinger, J. and Zischank, Wolfgang J.},
  title     = {Calculation of the longitudinal voltage along metal tubes caused by lightning currents and protection measures},
  series = {Seventh International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : Dresden, August 26 - 30 1991},
  journal   = {Seventh International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : Dresden, August 26 - 30 1991},
  publisher = {Techn. Univ.},
  address   = {Dresden},
  year      = {1991},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernZischank1992,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Zischank, Wolfgang J.},
  title     = {The effect of parallel wires on the longitudinal voltage drop along shielded cables},
  series = {Conference proceedings : 21st International Conference on Lightning Protection, Berlin Congress Center (BCC) Germany, September 22 - 25, 1992 = 21. Internationale Blitzschutzkonferenz / [proceedings ed. staff: J. Pilling ...]},
  journal   = {Conference proceedings : 21st International Conference on Lightning Protection, Berlin Congress Center (BCC) Germany, September 22 - 25, 1992 = 21. Internationale Blitzschutzkonferenz / [proceedings ed. staff: J. Pilling ...]},
  publisher = {VDE-Verl.},
  address   = {Berlin [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {3-8007-1885-5},
  pages     = {570 S : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.},
  year      = {1992},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernZischank1988,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Zischank, Wolfgang J.},
  title     = {Melting effects on metal sheets and air termination wires caused by direct lightning strikes},
  series = {Conference proceedings : Graz, {\"O}sterreich, 25. - 29. April 1988 / Gesamtorganisation: {\"O}sterr. Verb. f{\"u}r Elektrotechnik ({\"O}VE), Fachausschuß Blitzschutz ... [Red.: G. Diendorfer ...]},
  journal   = {Conference proceedings : Graz, {\"O}sterreich, 25. - 29. April 1988 / Gesamtorganisation: {\"O}sterr. Verb. f{\"u}r Elektrotechnik ({\"O}VE), Fachausschuß Blitzschutz ... [Red.: G. Diendorfer ...]},
  publisher = {Eigenverl. des {\"O}VE},
  address   = {Wien},
  isbn      = {3-85133-001-3},
  year      = {1988},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernZischankHeidleretal.1998,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Zischank, Wolfgang J. and Heidler, Fridolin and Wiesinger, J. [u.a.]},
  title     = {Shielding effectiveness of reinforced concrete cable ducts carrying partial lightning currents},
  series = {Conference proceedings : 14th - 18th September 1998, [Burlington Hotel, Birmingham, United Kingdom] / organised by: School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom},
  journal   = {Conference proceedings : 14th - 18th September 1998, [Burlington Hotel, Birmingham, United Kingdom] / organised by: School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom},
  address   = {Birmingham},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}