@article{PoghossianSchoening2020, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Capacitive field-effect eis chemical sensors and biosensors: A status report}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {20}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {19}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s20195639}, pages = {Artikel 5639}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors belong to a new generation of electronic chips for biochemical sensing, enabling a direct electronic readout. The review gives an overview on recent advances and current trends in the research and development of chemical sensors and biosensors based on the capacitive field-effect EIS structure—the simplest field-effect device, which represents a biochemically sensitive capacitor. Fundamental concepts, physicochemical phenomena underlying the transduction mechanism and application of capacitive EIS sensors for the detection of pH, ion concentrations, and enzymatic reactions, as well as the label-free detection of charged molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and polyelectrolytes) and nanoparticles, are presented and discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{PogorelovaRogachevDigeletal.2020, author = {Pogorelova, Natalia and Rogachev, Evgeniy and Digel, Ilya and Chernigova, Svetlana and Nardin, Dmitry}, title = {Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites: Morphology and Mechanical Properties}, series = {Materials}, volume = {13}, journal = {Materials}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {1996-1944}, doi = {10.3390/ma13122849}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising material for biomedical applications due to its unique properties such as high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. This article describes the microbiological synthesis, modification, and characterization of the obtained BC-nanocomposites originating from symbiotic consortium Medusomyces gisevii. Two BC-modifications have been obtained: BC-Ag and BC-calcium phosphate (BC-Ca3(PO4)2). Structure and physicochemical properties of the BC and its modifications were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and infrared Fourier spectroscopy as well as by measurements of mechanical and water holding/absorbing capacities. Topographic analysis of the surface revealed multicomponent thick fibrils (150-160 nm in diameter and about 15 µm in length) constituted by 50-60 nm nanofibrils weaved into a left-hand helix. Distinctive features of Ca-phosphate-modified BC samples were (a) the presence of 500-700 nm entanglements and (b) inclusions of Ca3(PO4)2 crystals. The samples impregnated with Ag nanoparticles exhibited numerous roundish inclusions, about 110 nm in diameter. The boundaries between the organic and inorganic phases were very distinct in both cases. The Ag-modified samples also showed a prominent waving pattern in the packing of nanofibrils. The obtained BC gel films possessed water-holding capacity of about 62.35 g/g. However, the dried (to a constant mass) BC-films later exhibited a low water absorption capacity (3.82 g/g). It was found that decellularized BC samples had 2.4 times larger Young's modulus and 2.2 times greater tensile strength as compared to dehydrated native BC films. We presume that this was caused by molecular compaction of the BC structure.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PohleFroehlichDalitzRichteretal.2020, author = {Pohle-Fr{\"o}hlich, Regina and Dalitz, Christoph and Richter, Charlotte and Hahnen, Tobias and St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Albracht, Kirsten}, title = {Estimation of muscle fascicle orientation in ultrasonic images}, series = {Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - Volume 5}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - Volume 5}, publisher = {SciTePress}, address = {Set{\´u}bal, Portugal}, isbn = {978-989-758-402-2}, doi = {10.5220/0008933900790086}, pages = {79 -- 86}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We compare four different algorithms for automatically estimating the muscle fascicle angle from ultrasonic images: the vesselness filter, the Radon transform, the projection profile method and the gray level cooccurence matrix (GLCM). The algorithm results are compared to ground truth data generated by three different experts on 425 image frames from two videos recorded during different types of motion. The best agreement with the ground truth data was achieved by a combination of pre-processing with a vesselness filter and measuring the angle with the projection profile method. The robustness of the estimation is increased by applying the algorithms to subregions with high gradients and performing a LOESS fit through these estimates.}, language = {en} } @article{QuittmannAbelAlbrachtetal.2020, author = {Quittmann, Oliver J. and Abel, Thomas and Albracht, Kirsten and Meskemper, Joshua and Foitschik, Tina and Str{\"u}der, Heiko K.}, title = {Biomechanics of handcycling propulsion in a 30-min continuous load test at lactate threshold: Kinetics, kinematics, and muscular activity in able-bodied participants}, series = {European Journal of Applied Physiology}, journal = {European Journal of Applied Physiology}, number = {120}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1439-6327}, doi = {10.1007/s00421-020-04373-x}, pages = {1403 -- 1415}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Purpose This study aims to investigate the biomechanics of handcycling during a continuous load trial (CLT) to assess the mechanisms underlying fatigue in upper body exercise. Methods Twelve able-bodied triathletes performed a 30-min CLT at a power output corresponding to lactate threshold in a racing recumbent handcycle mounted on a stationary ergometer. During the CLT, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), tangential crank kinetics, 3D joint kinematics, and muscular activity of ten muscles of the upper extremity and trunk were examined using motion capturing and surface electromyography. Results During the CLT, spontaneously chosen cadence and RPE increased, whereas crank torque decreased. Rotational work was higher during the pull phase. Peripheral RPE was higher compared to central RPE. Joint range of motion decreased for elbow-flexion and radial-duction. Integrated EMG (iEMG) increased in the forearm flexors, forearm extensors, and M. deltoideus (Pars spinalis). An earlier onset of activation was found for M. deltoideus (Pars clavicularis), M. pectoralis major, M. rectus abdominis, M. biceps brachii, and the forearm flexors. Conclusion Fatigue-related alterations seem to apply analogously in handcycling and cycling. The most distal muscles are responsible for force transmission on the cranks and might thus suffer most from neuromuscular fatigue. The findings indicate that peripheral fatigue (at similar lactate values) is higher in handcycling compared to leg cycling, at least for inexperienced participants. An increase in cadence might delay peripheral fatigue by a reduced vascular occlusion. We assume that the gap between peripheral and central fatigue can be reduced by sport-specific endurance training.}, language = {en} } @article{QuittmannMeskemperAlbrachtetal.2020, author = {Quittmann, Oliver J. and Meskemper, Joshua and Albracht, Kirsten and Abel, Thomas and Foitschik, Tina and Str{\"u}der, Heiko K.}, title = {Normalising surface EMG of ten upper-extremity muscles in handcycling: Manual resistance vs. sport-specific MVICs}, series = {Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology}, volume = {51}, journal = {Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology}, number = {Article 102402}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1050-6411}, doi = {10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102402}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Muscular activity in terms of surface electromyography (sEMG) is usually normalised to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). This study aims to compare two different MVIC-modes in handcycling and examine the effect of moving average window-size. Twelve able-bodied male competitive triathletes performed ten MVICs against manual resistance and four sport-specific trials against fixed cranks. sEMG of ten muscles [M. trapezius (TD); M. pectoralis major (PM); M. deltoideus, Pars clavicularis (DA); M. deltoideus, Pars spinalis (DP); M. biceps brachii (BB); M. triceps brachii (TB); forearm flexors (FC); forearm extensors (EC); M. latissimus dorsi (LD) and M. rectus abdominis (RA)] was recorded and filtered using moving average window-sizes of 150, 200, 250 and 300 ms. Sport-specific MVICs were higher compared to manual resistance for TB, DA, DP and LD, whereas FC, TD, BB and RA demonstrated lower values. PM and EC demonstrated no significant difference between MVIC-modes. Moving average window-size had no effect on MVIC outcomes. MVIC-mode should be taken into account when normalised sEMG data are illustrated in handcycling. Sport-specific MVICs seem to be suitable for some muscles (TB, DA, DP and LD), but should be augmented by MVICs against manual/mechanical resistance for FC, TD, BB and RA.}, language = {en} } @article{RaffeisAdjeiKyeremehVroomenetal.2020, author = {Raffeis, Iris and Adjei-Kyeremeh, Frank and Vroomen, Uwe and Westhoff, Elmar and Bremen, Sebastian and Hohoi, Alexandru and B{\"u}hrig-Polaczek, Andreas}, title = {Qualification of a Ni-Cu alloy for the laser powder bed fusion process (LPBF): Its microstructure and mechanical properties}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {10}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {Art. 3401}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app10103401}, pages = {1 -- 15}, year = {2020}, abstract = {As researchers continue to seek the expansion of the material base for additive manufacturing, there is a need to focus attention on the Ni-Cu group of alloys which conventionally has wide industrial applications. In this work, the G-NiCu30Nb casting alloy, a variant of the Monel family of alloys with Nb and high Si content is, for the first time, processed via the laser powder bed fusion process (LPBF). Being novel to the LPBF processes, optimum LPBF parameters were determined, and hardness and tensile tests were performed in as-built conditions and after heat treatment at 1000 °C. Microstructures of the as-cast and the as-built condition were compared. Highly dense samples (99.8\% density) were achieved after varying hatch distance (80 µm and 140 µm) with scanning speed (550 mm/s-1500 mm/s). There was no significant difference in microhardness between varied hatch distance print sets. Microhardness of the as-built condition (247 HV0.2) exceeded the as-cast microhardness (179 HV0.2.). Tensile specimens built in vertical (V) and horizontal (H) orientations revealed degrees of anisotropy and were superior to conventionally reported figures. Post heat treatment increased ductility from 20\% to 31\% (V), as well as from 16\% to 25\% (H), while ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) were considerably reduced.}, language = {en} } @article{RamoshabaHuismanLammertynetal.2020, author = {Ramoshaba, Nthai E. and Huisman, Hugo W. and Lammertyn, Leandi and Kotliar, Konstantin and Schutte, Aletta E. and Smith, Wayne}, title = {Retinal microvasculature and masked hypertension in young adults: the African-PREDICT study}, series = {Hypertension Research}, journal = {Hypertension Research}, number = {43}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Osaka}, issn = {1348-4214}, doi = {10.1038/s41440-020-0487-0}, pages = {1231 -- 1238}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Masked hypertension is known to induce microvascular complications. However, it is unclear whether early microvascular changes are already occurring in young, otherwise healthy adults. We therefore investigated whether retinal microvascular calibers and acute responses to a flicker stimulus are related to masked hypertension. We used the baseline data of 889 participants aged 20-30 years who were taking part in the African Prospective study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension. Clinic and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were measured. The central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent were calculated from fundus images, and retinal vessel dilation was determined in response to flicker light-induced provocation. A smaller CRAE was observed in those with masked hypertension vs. those with normotension (157.1 vs. 161.2 measuring units, P < 0.001). In forward multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, only CRAE was negatively related to masked hypertension [adjusted R² = 0.267, β = -0.097 (95\% CI = -0.165; -0.029), P = 0.005], but other retinal microvascular parameters were not associated with masked hypertension. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, masked hypertension [OR = 2.333, (95\% CI = 1.316; 4.241), P = 0.004] was associated with a narrower CRAE. In young healthy adults, masked hypertension was associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing, thereby reflecting early microvascular alterations known to predict cardiovascular outcomes in later life.}, language = {en} } @article{RauschHarbrechtKahmannetal.2020, author = {Rausch, Valentin and Harbrecht, Andreas and Kahmann, Stephanie Lucina and Fenten, Thomas and Jovanovic, Nebojsa and Hackl, Michael and M{\"u}ller, Lars P. and Staat, Manfred and Wegmann, Kilian}, title = {Osteosynthesis of Phalangeal Fractures: Biomechanical Comparison of Kirschner Wires, Plates, and Compression Screws}, series = {The Journal of Hand Surgery}, volume = {45}, journal = {The Journal of Hand Surgery}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0363-5023}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.04.010}, pages = {987.e1 -- 987.e8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Purpose The aim of this study was to compare several osteosynthesis techniques (intramedullary headless compression screws, T-plates, and Kirschner wires) for distal epiphyseal fractures of proximal phalanges in a human cadaveric model. Methods A total of 90 proximal phalanges from 30 specimens (index, ring, and middle fingers) were used for this study. After stripping off all soft tissue, a transverse distal epiphyseal fracture was simulated at the proximal phalanx. The 30 specimens were randomly assigned to 1 fixation technique (30 per technique), either a 3.0-mm intramedullary headless compression screw, locking plate fixation with a 2.0-mm T-plate, or 2 oblique 1.0-mm Kirschner wires. Displacement analysis (bending, distraction, and torsion) was performed using optical tracking of an applied random speckle pattern after osteosynthesis. Biomechanical testing was performed with increasing cyclic loading and with cyclic load to failure using a biaxial torsion-tension testing machine. Results Cannulated intramedullary compression screws showed significantly less displacement at the fracture site in torsional testing. Furthermore, screws were significantly more stable in bending testing. Kirschner wires were significantly less stable than plating or screw fixation in any cyclic load to failure test setup. Conclusions Intramedullary compression screws are a highly stable alternative in the treatment of transverse distal epiphyseal phalangeal fractures. Kirschner wires seem to be inferior regarding displacement properties and primary stability. Clinical relevance Fracture fixation of phalangeal fractures using plate osteosynthesis may have the advantage of a very rigid reduction, but disadvantages such as stiffness owing to the more invasive surgical approach and soft tissue irritation should be taken into account. Headless compression screws represent a minimally invasive choice for fixation with good biomechanical properties.}, language = {en} } @article{RauschKahmannBaltschunetal.2020, author = {Rausch, Valentin and Kahmann, Stephanie Lucina and Baltschun, Christoph and Staat, Manfred and M{\"u}ller, Lars P. and Wegmann, Kilian}, title = {Pressure distribution to the distal biceps tendon at the radial tuberosity: a biomechanical study}, series = {The Journal of Hand Surgery}, volume = {45}, journal = {The Journal of Hand Surgery}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0363-5023}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.01.006}, pages = {776.e1 -- 776.e9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Purpose Mechanical impingement at the narrow radioulnar space of the tuberosity is believed to be an etiological factor in the injury of the distal biceps tendon. The aim of the study was to compare the pressure distribution at the proximal radioulnar space between 2 fixation techniques and the intact state. Methods Six right arms and 6 left arms from 5 female and 6 male frozen specimens were used for this study. A pressure transducer was introduced at the height of the radial tuberosity with the intact distal biceps tendon and after 2 fixation methods: the suture-anchor and the cortical button technique. The force (N), maximum pressure (kPa) applied to the radial tuberosity, and the contact area (mm²) of the radial tuberosity with the ulna were measured and differences from the intact tendon were detected from 60° supination to 60° pronation in 15° increments with the elbow in full extension and in 45° and 90° flexion of the elbow. Results With the distal biceps tendon intact, the pressures during pronation were similar regardless of extension and flexion and were the highest at 60° pronation with 90° elbow flexion (23.3 ± 53.5 kPa). After repair of the tendon, the mean peak pressure, contact area, and total force showed an increase regardless of the fixation technique. Highest peak pressures were found using the cortical button technique at 45° flexion of the elbow and 60° pronation. These differences were significantly different from the intact tendon. The contact area was significantly larger in full extension and 15°, 30°, and 60° pronation using the cortical button technique. Conclusions Pressures on the distal biceps tendon at the radial tuberosity increase during pronation, especially after repair of the tendon. Clinical relevance Mechanical impingement could play a role in both the etiology of primary distal biceps tendon ruptures and the complications occurring after fixation of the tendon using certain techniques.}, language = {en} } @article{RegerKuhnhenneEbbertetal.2020, author = {Reger, Vitali and Kuhnhenne, Markus and Ebbert, Thiemo and Hachul, Helmut and Blanke, Tobias and D{\"o}ring, Bernd}, title = {Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien durch thermische Aktivierung von Komponenten aus Stahl}, series = {Stahlbau}, volume = {2020}, journal = {Stahlbau}, number = {Volume 89, Issue 6512-519}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1437-1049}, doi = {10.1002/stab.202000031}, pages = {512 -- 519}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die Versorgung von Neubauten soll m{\"o}glichst weitgehend unabh{\"a}ngig von fossilen Energietr{\"a}gern erfolgen. Erneuerbare Energien spielen daf{\"u}r eine gewichtige Rolle. Eine gute M{\"o}glichkeit, erneuerbare Energien ohne viel zus{\"a}tzlichen Aufwand nutzbar zu machen, ist, bereits vorhandenen Komponenten im Geb{\"a}ude zus{\"a}tzliche Funktionen zu geben. Hier kann bspw. die Fassade oder das Dach solarthermisch aktiviert oder durch Fotovoltaikmodule erg{\"a}nzt werden. Auch Tiefgr{\"u}ndungen k{\"o}nnen neben der statischen Funktion noch eine geothermische Funktion zur Aufnahme oder Abgabe von W{\"a}rme erhalten. Neben der Erzeugung bietet sich auch f{\"u}r die Verteilung der W{\"a}rme oder K{\"a}lte im Geb{\"a}ude die Integration in Bauteile an. Hier kann bspw. der Boden durch eine Fußbodenheizung oder die Decke durch Deckenstrahlplatten aktiviert werden. Im Rahmen der Ver{\"o}ffentlichung wird auf die thermische Aktivierung von Stahlkomponenten eingegangen. Es wird eine L{\"o}sung vorgestellt, die vorgeh{\"a}ngte hinterl{\"u}ftete Stahlfassade (VHF) solarthermisch zu aktivieren. Außerdem werden zwei M{\"o}glichkeiten zur geothermischen Aktivierung von Tiefgr{\"u}ndungen mittels Stahlpf{\"a}hlen gezeigt. Zuletzt wird ein System zur thermischen Aktivierung von Stahltrapezprofilen an der Decke erl{\"a}utert, welches W{\"a}rme zuf{\"u}hren oder bei Bedarf abf{\"u}hren kann.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RekePeterSchulteTiggesetal.2020, author = {Reke, Michael and Peter, Daniel and Schulte-Tigges, Joschua and Schiffer, Stefan and Ferrein, Alexander and Walter, Thomas and Matheis, Dominik}, title = {A Self-Driving Car Architecture in ROS2}, series = {2020 International SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA Conference, Cape Town, South Africa}, booktitle = {2020 International SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA Conference, Cape Town, South Africa}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-1-7281-4162-6}, doi = {10.1109/SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA48453.2020.9041020}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In this paper we report on an architecture for a self-driving car that is based on ROS2. Self-driving cars have to take decisions based on their sensory input in real-time, providing high reliability with a strong demand in functional safety. In principle, self-driving cars are robots. However, typical robot software, in general, and the previous version of the Robot Operating System (ROS), in particular, does not always meet these requirements. With the successor ROS2 the situation has changed and it might be considered as a solution for automated and autonomous driving. Existing robotic software based on ROS was not ready for safety critical applications like self-driving cars. We propose an architecture for using ROS2 for a self-driving car that enables safe and reliable real-time behaviour, but keeping the advantages of ROS such as a distributed architecture and standardised message types. First experiments with an automated real passenger car at lower and higher speed-levels show that our approach seems feasible for autonomous driving under the necessary real-time conditions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RendonSchwagerGhiasietal.2020, author = {Rendon, Carlos and Schwager, Christian and Ghiasi, Mona and Schmitz, Pascal and Bohang, Fakhri and Chico Caminos, Ricardo Alexander and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf}, title = {Modeling and upscaling of a pilot bayonettube reactor for indirect solar mixed methane reforming}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, number = {2303}, doi = {10.1063/5.0029974}, pages = {170012-1 -- 170012-9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A 16.77 kW thermal power bayonet-tube reactor for the mixed reforming of methane using solar energy has been designed and modeled. A test bench for the experimental tests has been installed at the Synlight facility in Juelich, Germany and has just been commissioned. This paper presents the solar-heated reactor design for a combined steam and dry reforming as well as a scaled-up process simulation of a solar reforming plant for methanol production. Solar power towers are capable of providing large amounts of heat to drive high-endothermic reactions, and their integration with thermochemical processes shows a promising future. In the designed bayonet-tube reactor, the conventional burner arrangement for the combustion of natural gas has been substituted by a continuous 930 °C hot air stream, provided by means of a solar heated air receiver, a ceramic thermal storage and an auxiliary firing system. Inside the solar-heated reactor, the heat is transferred by means of convective mechanism mainly; instead of radiation mechanism as typically prevailing in fossil-based industrial reforming processes. A scaled-up solar reforming plant of 50.5 MWth was designed and simulated in Dymola® and AspenPlus®. In comparison to a fossil-based industrial reforming process of the same thermal capacity, a solar reforming plant with thermal storage promises a reduction up to 57 \% of annual natural gas consumption in regions with annual DNI-value of 2349 kWh/m2. The benchmark solar reforming plant contributes to a CO2 avoidance of approx. 79 kilotons per year. This facility can produce a nominal output of 734.4 t of synthesis gas and out of this 530 t of methanol a day.}, language = {en} } @article{RichterWichernGroempingetal.2020, author = {Richter, L. and Wichern, M. and Gr{\"o}mping, Markus and Robecke, U. and Haberkamp, J.}, title = {Ammonium recovery from process water of digested sludge dewatering by membrane contactors}, series = {Water Practice and Technology}, volume = {15}, journal = {Water Practice and Technology}, number = {1}, publisher = {IWA Publishing}, address = {London}, issn = {1751-231X}, doi = {10.2166/wpt.2020.002}, pages = {84 -- 91}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Membrane contactors are a promising alternative for nitrogen removal and recovery from process water compared to other physicochemical and biological sidestream treatment processes. M{\"u}nster wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is the first municipal WWTP in Germany operating a full-scale membrane contactor system to improve the nitrogen elimination and recovery efficiency. Factors influencing the operation and membrane performance are investigated in an accompanying research project. Additional operational aspects of the applied membrane modules are investigated in detail using a bench-scale membrane contactor. First results of the full-scale application demonstrate a high nitrogen removal efficiency of >95\%.}, language = {de} } @article{RoepkeKoehlerDruryetal.2020, author = {Roepke, Rene and K{\"o}hler, Klemens and Drury, Vincent and Schroeder, Ulrik and Wolf, Martin R. and Meyer, Ulrike}, title = {A pond full of phishing games - analysis of learning games for anti-phishing education}, series = {Model-driven Simulation and Training Environments for Cybersecurity. MSTEC 2020}, journal = {Model-driven Simulation and Training Environments for Cybersecurity. MSTEC 2020}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-62433-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-62433-0_32020}, pages = {41 -- 60}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Game-based learning is a promising approach to anti-phishing education, as it fosters motivation and can help reduce the perceived difficulty of the educational material. Over the years, several prototypes for game-based applications have been proposed, that follow different approaches in content selection, presentation, and game mechanics. In this paper, a literature and product review of existing learning games is presented. Based on research papers and accessible applications, an in-depth analysis was conducted, encompassing target groups, educational contexts, learning goals based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, and learning content. As a result of this review, we created the publications on games (POG) data set for the domain of anti-phishing education. While there are games that can convey factual and conceptual knowledge, we find that most games are either unavailable, fail to convey procedural knowledge or lack technical depth. Thus, we identify potential areas of improvement for games suitable for end-users in informal learning contexts.}, language = {en} } @article{RuppRiekeHandschuhetal.2020, author = {Rupp, Matthias and Rieke, Christian and Handschuh, Nils and Kuperjans, Isabel}, title = {Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO₂eq intensities}, series = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment}, volume = {81}, journal = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment}, number = {Article 102293}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1361-9209}, doi = {10.1016/j.trd.2020.102293}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses. In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles' charging time as a function of the parameters CO₂eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO₂eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle. In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6\% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO₂eq emissions is similar, at 14.9\%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO₂eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO₂eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5\% CO₂eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SattlerChicoCaminosAttietal.2020, author = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Chico Caminos, Ricardo Alexander and Atti, Vikrama Naga Babu and {\"U}rlings, Nicolas and Dutta, Siddharth and Ruiz, Victor and Kalogirou, Soteris and Ktistis, Panayiotis and Agathokleous, Rafaela and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf}, title = {Dynamic simulation tool for a performance evaluation and sensitivity study of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings 2303}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings 2303}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville, NY}, issn = {0094-243X}, doi = {10.1063/5.0029277}, pages = {160004}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SattlerChicoCaminosUerlingsetal.2020, author = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Chico Caminos, Ricardo Alexander and {\"U}rlings, Nicolas and Dutta, Siddharth and Ruiz, Victor and Kalogirou, Soteris and Ktistis, Panayiotis and Agathokleous, Rafaela and Jung, Christian and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Atti, Vikrama Naga Babu and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf}, title = {Operational experience and behaviour of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage for process steam generation in Cyprus}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, number = {2303}, doi = {10.1063/5.0029278}, pages = {140004-1 -- 140004-10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {As part of the transnational research project EDITOR, a parabolic trough collector system (PTC) with concrete thermal energy storage (C-TES) was installed and commissioned in Limassol, Cyprus. The system is located on the premises of the beverage manufacturer KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd. and its function is to supply process steam for the factory's pasteurisation process [1]. Depending on the factory's seasonally varying capacity for beverage production, the solar system delivers between 5 and 25 \% of the total steam demand. In combination with the C-TES, the solar plant can supply process steam on demand before sunrise or after sunset. Furthermore, the C-TES compensates the PTC during the day in fluctuating weather conditions. The parabolic trough collector as well as the control and oil handling unit is designed and manufactured by Protarget AG, Germany. The C-TES is designed and produced by CADE Soluciones de Ingenier{\´i}a, S.L., Spain. In the focus of this paper is the description of the operational experience with the PTC, C-TES and boiler during the commissioning and operation phase. Additionally, innovative optimisation measures are presented.}, language = {en} } @article{SattlerRoegerSchwarzboezletal.2020, author = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and R{\"o}ger, Marc and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, Peter and Buck, Reiner and Macke, Ansgar and Raeder, Christian and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim}, title = {Review of heliostat calibration and tracking control methods}, series = {Solar Energy}, volume = {207}, journal = {Solar Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.030}, pages = {110 -- 132}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Large scale central receiver systems typically deploy between thousands to more than a hundred thousand heliostats. During solar operation, each heliostat is aligned individually in such a way that the overall surface normal bisects the angle between the sun's position and the aim point coordinate on the receiver. Due to various tracking error sources, achieving accurate alignment ≤1 mrad for all the heliostats with respect to the aim points on the receiver without a calibration system can be regarded as unrealistic. Therefore, a calibration system is necessary not only to improve the aiming accuracy for achieving desired flux distributions but also to reduce or eliminate spillage. An overview of current larger-scale central receiver systems (CRS), tracking error sources and the basic requirements of an ideal calibration system is presented. Leading up to the main topic, a description of general and specific terms on the topics heliostat calibration and tracking control clarifies the terminology used in this work. Various figures illustrate the signal flows along various typical components as well as the corresponding monitoring or measuring devices that indicate or measure along the signal (or effect) chain. The numerous calibration systems are described in detail and classified in groups. Two tables allow the juxtaposition of the calibration methods for a better comparison. In an assessment, the advantages and disadvantages of individual calibration methods are presented.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SavitskayaKistaubayevaAkimbekovetal.2020, author = {Savitskaya, Irina S. and Kistaubayeva, Aida S. and Akimbekov, Nuraly S. and Digel, Ilya and Shokatayeva, Dina and Zhubanova, Azhar Achmet}, title = {Prospective Use of Probiotics Immobilized on Sorbents with Nanostructured Surfaces}, series = {Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine and the Environment}, booktitle = {Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine and the Environment}, publisher = {Jenny Stanford Publishing}, address = {Singapore}, isbn = {978-981-4800-27-3}, doi = {10.1201/9780429428647-12}, pages = {229 -- 267}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Activated carbons are known as excellent adsorbents. Their applications include the adsorptive removal of color, odor, taste, undesirable organic and inorganic pollutants from drinking and waste water; air purification in inhabited spaces; purification of many chemicals, pharmaceutical products and many others. This chapter elucidates the role of normal microflora in the maintenance of human health and presents materials on possible clinical displays of microecological infringements and ways of their correction. It presents new developments concerning new probiotics with immobilized Lactobacillus and Bacillus. The chapter considers the mechanisms of the intestine disbacteriosis correction by sorbed probiotics. It demonstrates the advantages and creation prospects of immobilized probiotics developed on the basis of carbonized rice husk. There are great prospects for the development of medical biotechnology due to use of carbon sorbents with a nanostructured surface. Microbial communities form a biocenosis of the biotope and together with the host organism create permanent or temporary ecosystems.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtTurgutLeetal.2020, author = {Schmidt, Aaron C. and Turgut, Hatice and Le, Dao and Beloqui, Ana and Delaittre, Guillaume}, title = {Making the best of it: nitroxide-mediated polymerization of methacrylates via the copolymerization approach with functional styrenics}, series = {Polymer Chemistry}, volume = {11}, journal = {Polymer Chemistry}, number = {2}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1039/C9PY01458F}, pages = {593 -- 604}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The SG1-mediated solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA, Mₙ = 300 g mol⁻¹) in the presence of a small amount of functional/reactive styrenic comonomer is investigated. Moieties such as pentafluorophenyl ester, triphenylphosphine, azide, pentafluorophenyl, halide, and pyridine are considered. A comonomer fraction as low as 5 mol\% typically results in a controlled/living behavior, at least up to 50\% conversion. Chain extensions with styrene for both systems were successfully performed. Variation of physical properties such as refractive index (for MMA) and phase transition temperature (for OEGMA) were evaluated by comparing to 100\% pure homopolymers. The introduction of an activated ester styrene derivative in the polymerization of OEGMA allows for the synthesis of reactive and hydrophilic polymer brushes with defined thickness. Finally, using the example of pentafluorostyrene as controlling comonomer, it is demonstrated that functional PMMA-b-PS are able to maintain a phase separation ability, as evidenced by the formation of nanostructured thin films.}, language = {en} }